Pediatric thoracic outlet syndrome: a systematic review with metadata.

Introduction: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) typically considered a condition of the adult population; it is often disregarded in children and adolescents due to its limited recognition within the pediatrics. The current study aims to systematically review and provide insights into TOS among pediatric patients.

Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases were thoroughly searched for English language studies published until March 15th, 2024.

Shoulder Pain - Don't Forget First Rib Fractures.

First rib fractures are uncommon, mainly in paediatric population, considering its anatomic features and their skeleton plasticity. Traditional teaching usually characterizes it as a hallmark of severe trauma. Herein, to unfold awareness to an unnoticed diagnosis, we describe two paediatric cases of isolated first rib fracture in adolescents without a clear identifiable cause nor an underlining trauma mechanism.

Kinked Again! From Congenital Brachial Plexus Palsy to Adult Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: A Case Report.

Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome is a chronic, focal lesion of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus or of the T1 and C8 anterior primary rami, often arising due to distortion of neural structures by a fibrous congenital band extending from a C7 transverse process or cervical rib. Accordingly, patients present with chronic weakness or atrophy of the hand, most prominently of the thenar eminence, which receives most innervation from the T1 root. We present clinical, electrophysiologic, and imaging findings in a case of neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome presenting in an adult with a history most suggestive of congenital brachial plexus palsy, another pathology sharing the mechanism of nerve compression or injury within the supracostoclavicular space.

A case of misdiagnosed arterial thoracic outlet syndrome as primary Raynaud's phenomenon.

Arterial thoracic outlet syndrome (aTOS) is a rare, but potentially, limb-threatening condition that is often misdiagnosed. We present the case of a 29-year-old man who was initially managed under the presumption of primary Raynaud's phenomenon for >1 year before the correct diagnosis of aTOS, and the delay in diagnosis was complicated by substantial distal thromboembolic occlusion. Successful staged treatment included thoracic outlet decompression, subclavian artery aneurysm repair with subclavian-to-axillary bypass, anticoagulation, and an unconventional axillary-to-ulnar artery bypass.

McCleery Syndrome Caused by Pectoralis Minor Hypertrophy Treated with Multimodal Physical Therapy-A Case Report.

We present a case of a healthy young male professional water polo player who presented with swelling and pain in the upper arm and elbow after vigorous exercise. Diagnostic workup included an MRI and dynamic duplex ultrasound, which revealed compression of the axillary vein by a hypertrophic pectoralis minor muscle without thrombosis, constituting McCleery syndrome. This is a rare entity within the multiple thoracic outlet syndrome aetiologies.

Incidental Discovery of a Cervical Rib in a Case of Acute Cholecystitis: A Rare Anatomical Variant.

This case report discusses the incidental discovery of a cervical rib in a 53-year-old woman presenting with acute cholecystitis. While cervical ribs are rare, their identification holds clinical significance due to their potential implications for vascular compression or thoracic outlet syndrome. Despite the patient's primary complaint of cholecystitis, a chest X-ray incidentally revealed the cervical rib.

Cortical Hand Knob Paradoxical Thromboembolic Stroke in an Adolescent with Secundum Atrial Septal Defect and Paget-Schroetter Syndrome.

Venous thoracic outlet syndrome (vTOS) is an increasingly recognized diagnosis in young patients in which the subclavian vein is compressed within the costoclavicular space. With repetitive compression, thrombosis can develop and has been referred to as "effort thrombosis" or the Paget-Schroetter syndrome. Here, we present a 16-year-old boy with vTOS who presented with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) in the hand knob region of precentral gyrus due to paradoxical embolus in the setting of atrial septal defect.

Exercise-induced venous thrombosis of the upper extremity: A case report.

Paget-Schroetter syndrome, the venous variant of thoracic outlet syndrome, is an uncommon presentation of deep vein thrombosis. In patients with Paget-Schroetter syndrome, the subclavian vein is compressed within the thoracic outlet as a result of repetitive and vigorous arm motions. Repeated endothelial injury leads to stasis in flow and eventual thrombus formation in the subclavian vein and its tributaries.

Scapular Elevation Sign - A New Sign in Evaluation of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome.

We noted that patients with thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) have elevation of the ipsilateral scapula and named this the scapular elevation sign (SES). The aim was to determine the prevalence of SES in a normal cohort, compare SES with other provocative tests and to determine the treatment effect on SES. First, normal asymptomatic subjects were prospectively assessed to determine the prevalence of SES in a normal cohort.

[Not Available].

Clavicle fractures are a common injury in adults. Most patients are treated non-operatively. In this case report, a 53-year-old professional violinist had a midt shaft clavicula fracture and was treated non-operatively.

Thoracic outlet syndrome in overhead athletes.

Background: We aimed to retrospectively compare the clinical outcomes of endoscopy-assisted first-rib resection for thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) between overhead athletes and nonathletes and investigate the return to same-level sports rate in overhead athletes.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 181 cases with TOS (75 women, 106 men; mean age, 28.4 years; range, 12-57 years) who underwent endoscopy-assisted first-rib resection.