Lasmiditan for the Treatment of Migraines With or Without Aura in Adults.

Migraines are a common form of primary headache, affecting women more than men (17.4% and 5.7% of US population, respectively, a total of 12%) that carry significant morbidity and disability, as well as a hefty healthcare price tag.

Ubrogepant to Treat Acute Migraine in Adults.

Migraine is a neurobiological headache disorder that affects around 16% of adults in the United States. Medical treatment of mild to moderate migraines include non-prescription non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, or aspirin and caffeine-containing combination analgesics. Additionally, moderate to severe migraines and those that are mild to moderate that have not responded to analgesics can be treated with triptans, which are drugs specific for migraine treatment.

Belantamab Mafodotin to Treat Multiple Myeloma: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by excessive clonal proliferation of plasma cells. The treatment of multiple myeloma presents a variety of unique challenges due to the complex molecular pathophysiology and incurable status of the disease at this time. Given that MM is the second most common blood cancer with a characteristic and unavoidable relapse/refractory state during the course of the disease, the development of new therapeutic modalities is crucial.

Ozanimod to Treat Relapsing Forms of Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Disease, Drug Efficacy and Side Effects.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a prevalent and debilitating neurologic condition characterized by widespread neurodegeneration and the formation of focal demyelinating plaques in the central nervous system. Current therapeutic options are complex and attempt to manage acute relapse, modify disease, and manage symptoms. Such therapies often prove insufficient alone and highlight the need for more targeted MS treatments with reduced systemic side effect profiles.

Differences in glucose level between right arm and left arm using continuous glucose monitors.

Background: Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) measures interstitial glucose levels through a sensor with a thin filament inserted under the skin. It is customary for patients to rotate sensor application sites between arms to minimize skin irritation. However, there is limited data regarding the degree of inter-arm differences with CGM technology.

Chronic Pain Treatment Strategies in Parkinson's Disease.

Neurological disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD), have increased in prevalence and are expected to further increase in the coming decades. In this regard, PD affects around 3% of the population by age 65 and up to 5% of people over the age of 85. PD is a widely described, physically and mentally disabling neurodegenerative disorder.

Cariprazine to Treat Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder in Adults.

Purpose Of Review: Antipsychotics are the standard of care when it comes to the treatment of Schizophrenia, and they are often used in Bipolar as well. Their use can come with adverse effects such as extrapyramidal movements, metabolic complications as well as cardiovascular complications such as a prolonged QT interval. Treatment for these side effects ranges from the treatment of the complications up to the cessation of the medication, which could come at the expense of the user's stability.

Asenapine Transdermal Patch for the Management of Schizophrenia.

Purpose Of Review: This is a comprehensive review of the literature regarding the use of asenapine for the treatment of schizophrenia (SZ) in adults. It covers an introduction, epidemiology, risk factors, pathophysiology, and current treatment modalities regarding SZ, provides a background on the mechanism of action of asenapine, and then reviews the existing evidence for use of asenapine in both its sublingual and transdermal formulation in the treatment of SZ.

Recent Findings: SZ is a complex and multifactorial mental disorder which is thought to combine several genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors causing abnormalities in the dopaminergic system.

Lumateperone for the Treatment of Schizophrenia.

Introduction: Schizophrenia is a severe psychotic disorder that is diagnosed by the presence of hallucinations or delusions along with disorganized speech, disorganized thought, or negative symptoms that are present for at least six months. Roughly 1 in 10,000 people a year are diagnosed with this psychiatric disorder. It is a chronic disorder requiring a lifetime of treatment of which antipsychotics have been the mainstay of this treatment.

The use of antineuropathic medications for the treatment of chronic pain.

Chronic pain syndromes cost the US healthcare system over $600 billion per year. A subtype of chronic pain is neuropathic pain (NP), which is defined as "pain caused by a lesion or disease of the somatosensory system," according to the International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). The pathophysiology of neuropathic pain is very complex, and more research needs to be done to find the exact mechanism.

Design and preparation of nanostructures based on Krafft point of nonionic amphiphiles for delivery of poorly water-soluble compounds.

Micellar solubilization can effectively dissolve low water-soluble compounds in aqueous environment, however, the micellar systems are not able to withstand dilution and maintain solubilization of poorly water-soluble drugs below critical micelle concentration. To overcome the drawbacks of conventional micellar solubilization, nonionic polyoxyethylated surfactants with Krafft points at or higher than body temperature were chosen to create novel micelle-based nanostructures as a delivery vehicle for poorly water-soluble compounds. A technique "thermo-spray process" was developed for the preparation of the nanostructures-containing formulation, in which the drug-containing micelle solution was first prepared and maintained at the elevated temperature above the Krafft point of the surfactant, then spray dried to solidify the obtained micelle-like nanostructure at room temperature.

Naldemedine for the Use of Management of Opioid Induced Constipation.

Purpose Of Review: Opioid medications are a pillar of acute and chronic analgesia, though their use is often accompanied by side-effects, such as opioid-induced constipation. Unfortunately, tolerance rarely develops to this untoward side effect. This review presents the background, evidence, and indications for the use of Naldemedine (Brand name Symproic 0.

Intrapulmonary inoculation of multicellular spheroids to construct an orthotopic lung cancer xenograft model that mimics four clinical stages of non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: Lung cancer leads in mortality among all types of cancer in US and Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the major type of lung cancer. Mice models of lung cancer based on subcutaneous or orthotopic inoculation of cancer cell suspension do not adequately mimic the progression of lung cancer in clinic.

Methods: A549-iRFP cells (human NSCLC adenocarcinoma) were cultured to form multicellular spheroids (MCS), which were then inoculated intrapulmonarily into male athymic nude mice.

Navigating the Intersection Between Persistent Pain and the Opioid Crisis: Population Health Perspectives for Physical Therapy.

The physical therapy profession has recently begun to address its role in preventing and managing opioid use disorder (OUD). This topic calls for discussion of the scope of physical therapist practice, and the profession's role, in the prevention and treatment of complex chronic illnesses, such as OUD. OUD is not just an individual-level problem.

Development, Implementation and Assessment of a Comprehensive Strategic Plan in a School of Pharmacy.

To develop, implement and assess a strategic plan and its process within a school of pharmacy. The process for developing the strategic plan included five phases: designing and scanning by a planning committee; divergent thinking with input from key internal and external stakeholders who shared their vision for the school; convergent planning in which faculty members helped to prioritize the clusters, goals, and metrics that had been identified; refining ideas into strategies; and assessment, during which metrics were aligned with assessment plans and data were collected and analyzed. The completed strategic plan had five broad strategies, 20 specific goals, and 90 associated metrics.

Effect of hyperbaric oxygen on chemotherapy-induced neuropathy in male and female rats.

Chemotherapeutic agents can cause peripheral neuropathy, a deleterious side effect of cancer treatment. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) treatment has shown great potential for decreasing pain in numerous clinical pain conditions and in preclinical studies. This study was designed to test whether HBO2 might also be useful for treating chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Antibiotic Hypersensitivity Mechanisms.

Antibiotics are commonly prescribed to treat a variety of bacterial infections. As with all medications, hypersensitivity reactions may occur and clinicians should be able to recognize them accurately and recommend appropriate management. Antibiotic related hypersensitivity reactions may be one of four different types: Type I reactions, which are IgE mediated and may lead to anaphylaxis; Type II reactions that are antibody-mediated and may result in thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, or hemolytic anemia; Type III reaction that involves an immune complex formation such as vasculitis; and Type IV reactions that consist of four subtypes and typically include a rash of varying level of severity with or without systemic signs and symptoms.

Developmental Expression of Monocarboxylate Transporter 1 and 4 in Rat Liver.

Purpose: Monocarboxylate transporters (MCT) are proton-coupled integral membrane proteins that control the influx and efflux of endogenous monocarboxylates such as lactate, acetate and pyruvate. They also transport and mediate the clearance of drugs such as valproate and gamma-hydroxybutyrate. CD147 functions as ancillary protein that chaperones MCT1 and MCT4 to the cell membrane.

Antibiotic Dosing for Critically Ill Adult Patients Receiving Intermittent Hemodialysis, Prolonged Intermittent Renal Replacement Therapy, and Continuous Renal Replacement Therapy: An Update.

To summarize current antibiotic dosing recommendations in critically ill patients receiving intermittent hemodialysis (IHD), prolonged intermittent renal replacement therapy (PIRRT), and continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT), including considerations for individualizing therapy. A literature search of PubMed from January 2008 to May 2019 was performed to identify English-language literature in which dosing recommendations were proposed for antibiotics commonly used in critically ill patients receiving IHD, PIRRT, or CRRT. All pertinent reviews, selected studies, and references were evaluated to ensure appropriateness for inclusion.

Adopting Population Health Frameworks in Physical Therapist Practice, Research, and Education: The Urgency of Now.

Chronic, noncommunicable diseases have replaced acute, infectious diseases as the leading causes of global mortality and morbidity. Efforts among physical therapists to address noncommunicable diseases have primarily focused on the promotion of healthy behaviors among individual clients. However, the strongest predictors of chronic disease are tied to where we live, work, learn, and play, our families, and our communities.

Impact of High Volume Energy Drink Consumption on Electrocardiographic and Blood Pressure Parameters: A Randomized Trial.

Background Energy drinks have been linked to an increase in emergency room visits and deaths. We aim to determine the impact of energy drinks on electrocardiographic and hemodynamic parameters in young healthy volunteers. Methods and Results A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, crossover study was conducted in healthy volunteers.