Aerobic exercise improves energy and glucose homeostasis through hypothalamic Mitofusion 2-rescued endoplasmic reticulum stress in diet-induced obese mice.

Aims: Hypothalamic endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) and mitochondrial dysfunction are two important mechanisms involved in the pathophysiology of obesity, which can be reversed by aerobic exercise to improve organ function. Mitofusion 2 (Mfn2), a mitochondrial membrane protein, affects both mitochondrial dynamics and ER morphology. This study explored the contribution of hypothalamic Mfn2 to exercise-induced improvements in energy homeostasis and peripheral metabolism and the underlying mechanisms involved.

KCNJ15 inhibits chemical-induced lung carcinogenesis and progression through GNB1 mediated Hippo pathway.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been regarded as important environmental carcinogens that can cause lung cancer. However, the underlying epigenetic mechanism during PAHs-induced lung carcinogenesis has remained largely unknown. Previously, we screened some novel epigenetic regulatory genes during 3-methylcholanthrene (3-MCA)-induced lung carcinogenesis, including the potassium inwardly rectifying channel subfamily J member 15 (KCNJ15) gene.

Microcystin-LR induces neuronal damage through mitophagy defects resulted from the downregulated transcription of Scd2 by directly targeting IGF-1R.

Microcystin-LR (MC-LR), a prevalent cyanotoxin present in hazardous cyanobacterial blooms, is recognized as a neurotoxic environmental pollutant that induces brain damage and neurobehavioral deficits. However, the mechanisms underlying MC-LR-induced neurotoxicity remain unclear. This study aims to elucidate the role of mitophagy in MC-LR-induced neurotoxicity both in vitro and in vivo.

Cordycepin Ameliorates Spaceflight-Induced Osteoporosis by Preventing BMSCs Oxidative Stress and Senescence via Interacting with PI3K p110α and Regulating PI3K/Akt/FOXO3 Signalling.

Spaceflight-induced osteoporosis (SFOP) is a detrimental healthcare consequence during spaceflight. Weightlessness and ionizing radiation were main environmental factors that contribute to SFOP, especially in the manned deep space voyages. However, currently there is scarce effective method to treat SFOP.

NIR-Light Activable 3D Printed Platform Nanoarchitectured with Electrospun Plasmonic Filaments for On Demand Treatment of Infected Wounds.

Bacterial infections can lead to severe complications that adversely affect wound healing. Thus, the development of effective wound dressings has become a major focus in the biomedical field, as current solutions remain insufficient for treating complex, particularly chronic wounds. Designing an optimal environment for healing and tissue regeneration is essential.

Gray Matter Asymmetry Alterations in Patients With Spinocerebellar Ataxia Type 3: A Voxel-Based Morphometric Comparison Study.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the whole-brain asymmetry changes in spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 (SCA3) and their association with movement disorders.

Methods: Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was used to assess asymmetry in gray matter (GM) volume in 83 genetically confirmed SCA3 patients and 83 sex- and age-matched healthy controls (HCs). The asymmetry index (AI) was analyzed for partial correlation with disease severity, as measured by the Scale for Assessment and Rating of Ataxia (SARA) and International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS).

Qinghaienin, a novel anticoagulation protein from the hard tick Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis, inhibits the activation of factor XII by competing for anionic binding sites.

Salivary proteins of ticks can inhibit host hemostatic and inflammatory responses during the blood-sucking process of the parasites. A cDNA sequence, Hq021, was identified from a cDNA library of Haemaphysalis qinghaiensis. Hq021 encodes a mature protein containing 182 amino acids with a molecular mass of 20.

Pathophysiology-Directed Engineering of a Combination Nanoanalgesic for Neuropathic Pain.

Neuropathic pain, one of the most refractory pain diseases, remains a formidable medical challenge. There is still an unmet demand for effective and safe therapies to address this condition. Herein, a rat model of nerve injury-induced neuropathic pain is first established to explore its pathophysiological characteristics.

Identification of circulating risk biomarkers for cognitive decline in a large community-based population in Chongqing China.

Introduction: This study aims to investigate the relationship between blood-based pathologies and established risk factors for cognitive decline in the community-based population of Chongqing, a region with significant aging.

Methods: A total of 26,554 residents aged 50 years and older were recruited. Multinomial logistic regression models were applied to assess the risk factors of cognition levels.

Clinical Outcome of Extended Curettage with Postoperative Denosumab Administration for the Treatment of Campanacci Grade III Giant Cell Tumors of the Extremities.

Purpose: To investigate the local recurrence rate, joint preservation status, and functional outcomes after extended curettage and postoperative denosumab treatment for Campanacci Grade III giant cell tumors of the extremities.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients with Campanacci Grade III GCTB of the extremities in our hospital between January 2017 and June 2023 who underwent extended curettage and postoperative denosumab administration alone, without preoperative denosumab treatment. Patients were followed-up for adverse events of denosumab, surgical outcomes, limb function of lesions, and local recurrence following extended curettage with postoperative denosumab.

Harnessing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles and biomimetic peptide WKYMVm in self-healing hydrogel for enhanced bone repair in femoral defects.

Skeletal disorders pose significant challenges to health and quality of life, underscoring the critical need for innovative bone repair methods. Recent studies have spotlighted the promising role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in conjunction with biomimetic peptide (BP) WKYMVm (WK) for bone repair. This research leveraged a self-healing hydrogel as a carrier, effectively loading EVs and WK to enhance treatment efficacy.

GLUT1 exacerbates trophoblast ferroptosis by modulating AMPK/ACC mediated lipid metabolism and promotes gestational diabetes mellitus associated fetal growth restriction.

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has been associated with several fetal complications, such as macrosomia and fetal growth restriction (FGR). Infants from GDM associated FGR are at increased risk for adult-onset obesity and associated metabolic disorders. However, the underlying mechanisms of GDM associated FGR remain to be explored.

Osthole ameliorates wear particle-induced osteogenic impairment by mitigating endoplasmic reticulum stress via PERK signaling cascade.

Background: Periprosthetic osteolysis and subsequent aseptic loosening are the leading causes of failure following total joint arthroplasty. Osteogenic impairment induced by wear particles is regarded as a crucial contributing factor in the development of osteolysis, with endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress identified as a key underlying mechanism. Therefore, identifying potential therapeutic targets and agents that can regulate ER stress adaption in osteoblasts is necessary for arresting aseptic loosening.

miR-Cabiner: A Universal microRNA Sensing Platform Based on Self-Stacking Cascaded Bicyclic DNA Circuit-Mediated CRISPR/Cas12a.

CRISPR/Cas12a-based diagnostics have great potential for sensing nucleic acids, but their application is limited by the sequence-dependent property. A platform termed miR-Cabiner (a universal NA sensing platform based on self-stacking scaded cyclic DA circuit-mdiated CISPR/Cas12a) is demonstrated herein that is sensitive and universal for analyzing miRNAs. This platform combines catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) and hybrid chain reaction (HCR) into a unified circuit and finally cascades to CRISPR/Cas12a.

Medical Humanities in Resident Training: A Pilot Study of Specific Courses in a Large Comprehensive Hospital in China.

Background: The importance of integrating humanities into medical education has been recognized. However, the medical humanities curriculum is usually lacking during standardized training for residents in China. This study aims to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of pilot-specific courses in medical humanities in standardized residency training.

Bone health management in endocrine-treated patients with prostate cancer: a summary of evidence.

Objective: This study aimed to gather and assess the most reliable evidence on bone health management in patients undergoing endocrine therapy for prostate cancer, with the goal of informing clinical practice.

Design And Methods: Utilizing the '6S' evidence model, a comprehensive literature search was conducted across various sources such as computerized decision support systems, national and international guideline networks, society websites, and databases encompassing clinical decision-making, guidelines, systematic reviews, evidence summaries, and expert consensus. The search spanned from April 2014 to April 2024, with two researchers independently evaluating the quality of the identified literature.

7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring microstructural changes in the lenticulostriate artery-neural complex in patients with hypertension.

Background: The lenticulostriate artery-neural complex (LNC), which includes the lenticulostriate artery (LSA) and surrounding neural structure, is a new concept proposed by neurologists and plays a pivotal role in hypertension-induced stroke. Conventional low-magnitude magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has not been successfully used to reveal the microstructural changes of the LNC. This study aimed to evaluate the microstructural changes of the LNC in patients with prestroke hypertension using 7-Tesla (7-T) MRI and to identify the potential MRI biomarkers for monitoring hypertension-related neurological disorders.

Molecular epidemiology of in Hainan Province of China based on O-antigen.

Background: is a gram-negative bacterium widely found in Southeast Asia and northern Australia. This bacterium, which lacks an available vaccine, is the causative agent of melioidosis and has properties that potentially enable its exploitation as a bioweapon.

Methods: Polymerase chain reaction assays targeting each of the lipopolysaccharide (LPS) genetic types were used to investigate genotype frequencies in populations.

Regulation of dynamic spatiotemporal inflammation by nanomaterials in spinal cord injury.

Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a common clinical condition of the central nervous system that can lead to sensory and motor impairment below the injury level or permanent loss of function in severe cases. Dynamic spatiotemporal neuroinflammation is vital to neurological recovery, which is collectively constituted by the dynamic changes in a series of inflammatory cells, including microglia, neutrophils, and astrocytes, among others. Immunomodulatory nanomaterials can readily improve the therapeutic effects and simultaneously overcome various drawbacks associated with treatment, such as the off-target side effects and loss of bioactivity of immune agents during circulation.

Clinical characteristics and prediction model of re-positive nucleic acid tests among Omicron infections by machine learning: a real-world study of 35,488 cases.

Background: During the Omicron BA.2 variant outbreak in Shanghai, China, from April to May 2022, PCR nucleic acid test re-positivity (TR) occurred frequently, yet the risk factors and predictive models for TR remain unclear. This study aims to identify the factors influencing Omicron TR and to develop machine learning models to predict TR risk.

Asymmetrically PEGylated and amphipathic heptamethine indocyanine dyes potentiate radiotherapy of renal cell carcinoma via mitochondrial targeting.

Enhancing the sensitivity of radiotherapy (RT) towards renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains a challenge because RCC is a radioresistant tumor. In this work, we design and report asymmetrically Polyethylene Glycol (PEG)ylated and amphipathic heptamethine indocyanine dyes for efficient radiosensitization of RCC treatment. They were synthesized by modifying different lengths of PEG chains as hydrophilic moieties on one N-alkyl chain of a mitochondria-targeting heptamethine indocyanine dye (IR-808), and a radiosensitizer 2-nitroimidazole (NM) as a hydrophobic moiety on another N-alkyl chain.