Inhibitory effects of the main metabolites of Apatinib on CYP450 isozymes in human and rat liver microsomes.

Purpose: The inhibitory effect of Apatinib on cytochrome P450 (CYP450) enzymes has been studied. However, it is unknown whether the inhibition is related to the major metabolites, M1-1, M1-2 and M1-6.

Methods: A 5-in-1 cocktail system composed of CYP2B6/Cyp2b1, CYP2C9/Cyp2c11, CYP2E1/Cyp2e1, CYP2D6/Cyp2d1 and CYP3A/Cyp3a2 was used in this study.

Evaluating the Impact of Maternal Exposure to Ozone on Twin Fetal Growth in China.

Unlike singletons, twins require attention not only to the birth weight of the fetuses but also to discordance (i.e., the differences between weights) because twin growth discordance is a significant factor contributing to perinatal mortality and morbidity in twin pregnancies.

Tanshinone IIA promotes the proliferation and differentiation ability of primary muscle stem cells via MAPK and Akt signaling.

Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge is a widely-used traditional Chinese medicine to treat a variety of diseases including muscle disorders. The underlying pharmacological mechanisms of which active component and how it functions are still unknown. Tanshinone IIA (Tan IIA) is the main active lipophilic compound in Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge.

Meta-analysis of the efficacy of budesonide and ambroxol hydrochloride inhalation in children with pneumonia and their effects on inflammatory response.

Childhood pneumonia, often caused by acute upper respiratory tract infections or bronchitis, is one of the leading causes of mortality in children. Nebulized inhalation, as a low-risk treatment method, has garnered significant attention. However, its effectiveness and safety remain controversial.

Concurrent fabry disease and immunoglobulin a nephropathy: a case report.

Background: Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked, hereditary dysfunction of glycosphingolipid storage caused by mutations in the GLA gene encoding alpha-galactosidase A enzyme. In rare cases, FD may coexist with immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN). We describe a case of concurrent FD, IgAN, and dilated cardiomyopathy-causing mutations in the TTN and BAG3 genes, which has not been reported previously.

An Investigation of Pharmacokinetic Interaction of Vericiguat with Apigenin based on a Newly Developed Ultra-performance Liquid Chromatography-tandem Mass Spectrometry Assay.

Background: Vericiguat, as a new stimulator of soluble guanylate cyclase (s- GC), was recently approved as a first-in-class treatment for reducing risks in patients with ejection fraction less than 45 percent and heart failure (HF) in the USA.

Objective: The main aim of the present experiment was to establish an acceptable, sensitive assay based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for quantitatively analyzing the plasma concentration levels of vericiguat in rats, and to further evaluate the effect of apigenin on the metabolism of vericiguat .

Methods: In sample processes, acetonitrile was finally chosen for quickly precipitating protein.

The recovery of the microbial community after plaque removal depends on periodontal health status.

Plaque accumulation and microbial community changes are important causes of periodontal disease. Cleaned plaque microorganisms will reattach to form biofilms, but the recovery and outcome of plaque microbial communities in different periodontal health states remain unknown. In this study, we tracked the biofilm remodeling process in 206 dental plaque samples from 40 healthy periodontal, gingivitis and periodontitis volunteers at 6 time points before and after supragingival scaling.

Frailty Index was Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Admitted Elderly Patients With Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

We aimed to investigate the role of the laboratory frailty index (LFI) in diabetic complications and incident disability in admitted older patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). We retrospectively collected the clinical data of older patients with T2DM from December 2018 to May 2020. Frailty was quantified using the LFI, which considers the accumulation of 27 items of abnormal laboratory outcomes.

Celastrol attenuates streptozotocin-induced diabetic cardiomyopathy in mice by inhibiting the ACE / Ang II / AGTR1 signaling pathway.

Background: Heart failure is closely correlated with diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) and can lead to mortality. Celastrol has long been utilized for the treatment of immune and inflammatory disorders. However, whether celastrol would exert protective effects on DCM has not been determined.

Downregulation of lncRNA NEAT1 interacts with miR-374b-5p/PGAP1 axis to aggravate the development of osteoarthritis.

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA), characterized by inflammation and articular cartilage degradation, is a prevalent arthritis among geriatric population. This paper was to scrutinize the novel mechanism of long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) NEAT1 in OA etiology.

Methods: A total of 10 OA patients and 10 normal individuals was included in this study.

New therapeutic directions in type II diabetes and its complications: mitochondrial dynamics.

As important organelles of energetic and metabolism, changes in the dynamic state of mitochondria affect the homeostasis of cellular metabolism. Mitochondrial dynamics include mitochondrial fusion and mitochondrial fission. The former is coordinated by mitofusin-1 (Mfn1), mitofusin-2 (Mfn2), and optic atrophy 1 (Opa1), and the latter is mediated by dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1), mitochondrial fission 1 (Fis1) and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF).

Association of Fine Particulate Matter and Its Components with Macrosomia: A Nationwide Birth Cohort Study of 336 Chinese Cities.

To examine the associations between macrosomia risk and exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) and its chemical components during pregnancy, we collected birth records between 2010 and 2015 in mainland China from the National Free Preconception Health Examination Project and used satellite-based models to estimate concentrations of PM mass and five main components, namely, black carbon (BC), organic carbon (OC), nitrate (NO), sulfate (SO), and ammonium (NH). Associations between macrosomia risk and prenatal exposure to PM were examined by logistic regression analysis, and the sensitive subgroups were explored by stratified analyses. Of the 3,248,263 singleton newborns from 336 cities, 165,119 (5.

FAK inhibitor PF-562271 inhibits the migration and proliferation of high-grade serous ovarian cancer cells through FAK and FAK mediated cell cycle arrest.

Focal adhesion kinase (FAK) is a promising therapeutic target for various cancers and its inhibitor development is in full swing. PF-562271 is a classic FAK inhibitor that has shown promising preclinical data and has been found to exhibit an anti-migration effect on some cancer cells. However, its anticancer effect on high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) has not been reported.

Malnutrition and visceral obesity predicted adverse short-term and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing proctectomy for rectal cancer.

Background: To the best of our knowledge, no previous studies have explored the relationship between visceral obesity and malnutrition. Therefore, this study has aimed to investigate the association between them in patients with rectal cancer.

Methods: Patients with rectal cancer who underwent proctectomy were included.

Triptolide attenuates irritable bowel syndrome via inhibiting ODC1.

Background: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic disorder of the gut-brain axis with significant morbidity. Triptolide, an active compound extracted from Tripterygium wilfordii Hook F (TwHF), has been widely used as a major medicinal herb in the treatment of inflammatory disease.

Methods: The chronic-acute combined stress (CAS) stimulation was used to establish IBS rat model.

Effects of Dietary Flavonoids on the Metabolism of Vortioxetine and its Potential Mechanism.

Introduction: Quercetin and apigenin are two common dietary flavonoids widely found in foods and fruits. Quercetin and apigenin can act as the inhibitors of CYP450 enzymes, which may affect the pharmacokinetics of clinical drugs. Vortioxetine (VOR), approved for marketing by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2013, is a novel clinical drug for treating major depressive disorder (MDD).

Enhanced Recovery after Surgery in patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty: A retrospective study.

Objective: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) protocol has been developed and practiced for various surgical procedures to improve outcomes in the postoperative period. We hereby present our experience of ERAS for a large cohort of patients undergoing total joint arthroplasty (TJA).

Methods: We implemented the ERAS program at The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University from January 2020 and retrospectively compared outcomes of patients undergoing total knee or hip arthroplasty before and after the implementation of the program.

Prediction of transport proteins from sequence information with the deep learning approach.

Transport proteins (TPs) are vital to the growth and life of all living things, especially in fields of microbial pathogenesis and drug resistance of tumor cells. Accurately identifying potential TPs remains an important challenge for the advancement of functional genomics. This study aimed to develop a tool for predicting TPs using the deep learning approach.

The efficacy of glycerin suppositories for preterm infants: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies.

Background: The effect of glycerin suppositories on full enteral feeds remained controversial in preterm infants, and thus we conducted this meta-analysis to identify the influence of glycerin suppositories on full enteral feeds in preterm infants.

Methods: The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD20214283090). We searched PubMed, EMbase, Web of science, EBSCO and Cochrane library databases through February 2020, and included randomized controlled trials assessing the effect of glycerin suppositories on full enteral feeds in preterm infants.

Effects of different doses glimepiride intake on the pharmacokinetics of benzbromarone in rats.

Benzbromarone (BNR) is prescribed for the management of hyperuricemia, whereas glimepiride (GLM) for the treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Both drugs are certified to be mainly metabolized via cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C9 in vivo and may have the potential drug-drug interactions. This study aims to investigate the possible influence of orally administered low- and high-dose glimepiride (GLM) on pharmacokinetic characteristics (PK) of benzbromarone (BNR) in rats.

Design and analysis of HSC-BPPV diagnostic maneuver based on virtual simulation.

Background: The preferred supine roll test for the diagnosis of horizontal semicircular canal BPPV has several disadvantages, including difficulty in locating the affected ear, inconsistent nystagmus performance on repeated testing, and lack of a typical latency period, resulting in insensitive diagnosis.

Objectives: To investigate novel diagnostic techniques with more scientific design, more accessible application, and better diagnostic sensitivity and specificity.

Materials And Methods: Based on clinical microscopic CT data, we created a virtual simulation model of BPPV using Unity software.

Hsa_circ_0072309 is a prognostic biomarker and is correlated with immune infiltration in gastric cancer.

Background: Hsa_circ_0072309 has been identified as a tumor suppressor in several carcinomas. However, its precise role in gastric cancer (GC) remains largely unknown. This study was aimed to explore the precise role of Hsa_circ_0072309 in GC.

Comprehensive analysis of circular RNA-associated competing endogenous RNA networks and immune infiltration in gastric cancer.

Background: Circular RNA (circRNA) has been proved to be an important regulator of gastric cancer (GC). However, the role and regulatory mechanism of circrna related competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) in GC have not been established.

Methods: CircRNA data and clinical data were obtained from the GEO and TCGA databases.

Research progress of natural silk fibroin and the application for drug delivery in chemotherapies.

Silk fibroin has been widely used in biological fields due to its biocompatibility, mechanical properties, biodegradability, and safety. Recently, silk fibroin as a drug carrier was developed rapidly and achieved remarkable progress in cancer treatment. The silk fibroin-based delivery system could effectively kill tumor cells without significant side effects and drug resistance.