Histone acetylation alteration by KAT6A inhibitor WM-1119 suppresses IgE-mediated mast cell activation and allergic inflammation via reduction in AP-1 signaling.

Activation of immunoglobulin E (IgE)-associated mast cells (MCs) triggers the onset of pro-inflammatory signals associated with type I allergic diseases. Although histone acetylation changes have been associated with inflammatory diseases, the impact of lysine-acetyltransferase (KAT) inhibitors on IgE-mediated MCs function is unclear. Potential anti-allergic effects of the KAT6A inhibitor WM-1119 on IgE-mediated MCs activation and allergic inflammation were examined in this study.

Application of high-quality targeted temperature management guided by multimodal brain monitoring in brain protection of patients with cardiac arrest: A case series.

Rationale: Cardiac arrest (CA) is an acute emergency with high mortality and is closely associated with the risk of brain damage or systemic ischemia-reperfusion injury, post-traumatic stress symptoms.

Patient Concerns: Targeted temperature management in the intensive care unit can improve the neurological outcomes of patients who are comatose after resuscitation from CA. However, there is often a lack of specific evaluation methods for optimal target temperature settings.

Hypothermia improves neuronal network recovery in a human-derived in vitro model of oxygen-deprivation.

Mild therapeutic hypothermia showed potential neuroprotective properties during and after cerebral hypoxia or ischemia in experimental animal studies. However, in clinical trials, where hypothermia is mainly applied after reperfusion, results were divergent and neurophysiological effects unclear. In our current study, we employed human-derived neuronal networks to investigate how treatment with hypothermia during hypoxia influences neuronal functionality and whether it improves post-hypoxic recovery.

Effects of intermittent hand-foot hypothermia therapy on chemotherapy-induced peripheral neurotoxicity.

Purpose: Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a common side effect in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy. This study aimed to assess the effects of three different intermittent hypothermia temperatures applied to the hands and feet on CIPN symptoms in patients with breast cancer undergoing chemotherapy.

Methods: In total, 108 patients were randomly divided into three experimental groups (n = 36).

Uneven Distribution of Purkinje Cell Injury in the Cerebellar Vermis of Term Neonates with Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

In term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), cerebellar injury is becoming more and more acknowledged. Animal studies demonstrated that Purkinje cells (PCs) are especially vulnerable for hypoxic-ischemic injury. In neonates, however, the extent and pattern of PC injury has not been investigated.

Temperature induces brain-intake shift of recombinant high-density lipoprotein after traumatic brain injury.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the leading public health concerns in the world. Therapeutic hypothermia is routinely used in severe TBI, and pathophysiological hyperthermia, frequently observed in TBI patients, has an unclear impact on drug transport in the injured brain due to a lack of study on its effects. We investigated the effect of post-traumatic therapeutic hypothermia at 33°C and pathophysiological hyperthermia at 39°C on brain transport and cell uptake of neuroprotectants after TBI.

Acupuncture for hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in neonates.

Background: Peripartum asphyxia affects three to five per 1000 live births, with moderate or severe hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) occurring in 0.5 to 1 per 1000 live births, and is associated with high mortality and morbidity. Therapeutic hypothermia is an effective treatment, but alternative therapies such as acupuncture are also used.

Acute hyperglycemic hyperosmolar syndrome associated with capivasertib, a new, oral targeted therapy for advanced breast cancer.

Capivasertib is a new targeted therapy for the treatment of select cases of hormone receptor positive, HER2 negative advanced breast cancer. Hyperglycemia is a known adverse effect of capivasertib with a 16 % incidence rate, however life-threatening hyperglycemia occurs rarely (incidence 0.3 %).

Therapeutic Hypothermia and Its Role in Preserving Brain Volume in Term Neonates with Perinatal Asphyxia.

Perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality, often resulting in hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) with long-term neurodevelopmental impairments. While therapeutic hypothermia has emerged as a promising intervention to reduce brain damage, its specific impact on key brain structures and long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes remains underexplored. This study aims to evaluate the effects of therapeutic hypothermia on brain volumetry, cortical thickness, and neurodevelopment in term neonates with perinatal asphyxia.

Development of a model to predict electroencephalographic seizures in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy treated with therapeutic hypothermia.

Objective: Electroencephalographic seizures (ES) are common in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), but identification with continuous electroencephalographic (EEG) monitoring (CEEG) is resource-intensive. We aimed to develop an ES prediction model.

Methods: Using a prospective observational study of 260 neonates with HIE undergoing CEEG, we identified clinical and EEG risk factors for ES, evaluated model performance with area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), and calculated test characteristics emphasizing high sensitivity.

The Role of Dapagliflozin in the Modulation of Hypothermia and Renal Injury Caused by Septic Shock in Euglycemic and Hyperglycemic Rat Models.

Background: Recent research has validated the efficacy of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) in reducing glucose levels and exerting a nephroprotective role.

Objective: This study aimed to examine the impact of dapagliflozin in preventing sepsis-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) and related consequences. The study used both normal and diabetic rat models to investigate whether the effectiveness of dapagliflozin is influenced by glycemia levels.

Placental inflammatory response and association with the severity of neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy.

Background: Placental lesions are associated with worse neonatal outcomes, but their association with neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), including the full range of severity from mild to severe HIE, has not been well described.

Objective: To determine the association of acute and chronic placental lesions with mild versus moderate to severe HIE; secondarily, to assess the impact of multiple placental lesions on severity of HIE.

Methods: This retrospective study of prospectively collected data included neonates born at ≥36 weeks, with a birth weight of >1800 g, diagnosed with HIE between January 2012 and November 2022.

Red Blood Cells Capture and Deliver Bacterial DNA to Drive Host Responses During Polymicrobial Sepsis.

Red blood cells (RBCs), traditionally recognized for their role in transporting oxygen, play a pivotal role in the body's immune response by expressing TLR9 and scavenging excess host cell-free DNA. DNA capture by RBCs leads to accelerated RBC clearance and triggers inflammation. Whether RBCs can also acquire microbial DNA during infections is unknown.

Temporal dynamics of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy injuries on magnetic resonance imaging.

Moderate to severe perinatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy occurs in ~1 to 3/1000 live births in high-income countries and is associated with a significant risk of death or neurodevelopmental disability. Detailed assessment is important to help identify high-risk infants, to help families, and to support appropriate interventions. A wide range of monitoring tools is available to assess changes over time, including urine and blood biomarkers, neurological examination, and electroencephalography.

Outcomes in Neonates Receiving Therapeutic Hypothermia and Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation versus Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation Alone.

Objective: To examine survival and outcomes in neonates who received therapeutic hypothermia (TH) for neonatal encephalopathy (NE) and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) versus ECMO alone.

Study Design: This is a retrospective review of Extracorporeal Life Support Organization (ELSO) Registry data from 2007 to 2017 for neonates undergoing ECMO and TH for NE (TH/ECMO) or ECMO alone. Primary outcomes were ECMO survival and survival to discharge.

Hypothermia as a Presenting Sign of Venlafaxine-Induced Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome in 2 Neonates.

Maternal antidepressant use has increased during the past 2 decades, with venlafaxine emerging as a common agent during pregnancy. Both venlafaxine and its active metabolite possess prolonged half-lives in adults; however, abrupt discontinuation may lead to withdrawal including irritability, jitteriness, lethargy, restlessness, and insomnia. The drug and its metabolite readily cross the placenta, posing additional considerations during pregnancy.

Synergistic Clinico-Radiological Assessment of Term Newborns Afflicted by Birth Asphyxia in a Tertiary Medical Center: A Prospective Observational Study.

Background and objectives Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) remains a critical concern in newborns, with therapeutic hypothermia (TH) serving as a key treatment strategy. However, assessing long-term outcomes requires a comprehensive approach, as children may develop neuropsychological and learning challenges even in the absence of noticeable motor impairments. This study aims to explore the correlation between electroencephalography (EEG) and neuroimaging findings with the clinical severity of HIE.

Washing machine-induced trauma and coagulopathy in a kitten.

A 4-month-old intact male Siamese cat was presented immediately after being found in a washing machine following 30 min of a cold-water wash cycle. The kitten demonstrated clinical signs of shock, respiratory distress, hypothermia, coagulopathy, traumatic brain injury, and ocular injury. Resuscitation and treatment involving IV fluid therapy, hyperosmotic agents, oxygen supplementation, antifibrinolytics, a plasma transfusion, antioxidant medications, broad-spectrum antibiotics, analgesics, topical ophthalmic medications, and intensive nursing care were required.

Predictors of Death or Severe Impairment in Neonates With Hypoxic-Ischemic Encephalopathy.

Importance: Outcomes after hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) are variable. Predicting death or severe neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in affected neonates is crucial for guiding management and parent communication.

Objective: To predict death or severe NDI in neonates who receive hypothermia for HIE.

Serotonin 1A Receptors Modulate Serotonin 2A Receptor-Mediated Behavioral Effects of 5-Methoxy-,-dimethyltryptamine Analogs in Mice.

5-methoxy-,-dimethyltrytpamine (5-MeO-DMT) analogs are used as recreational drugs, but they are also being developed as potential medicines, warranting further investigation into their pharmacology. Here, we investigated the neuropharmacology of 5-MeO-DMT and several of its -alkyl, -allyl, and 2-methyl analogs, with three major aims: 1) to determine in vitro receptor profiles for the compounds, 2) to characterize in vitro functional activities at serotonin (5-HT) 2A receptors (5-HT) and 1A receptors (5-HT), and 3) to examine the influence of 5-HT on 5-HT-mediated psychedelic-like effects in the mouse head twitch response (HTR) model. In vitro receptor binding and functional assays showed that all 5-MeO-DMT analogs bind with high affinity and activate multiple targets (e.