Research progress of non-coding RNA regulating the role of PANoptosis in diabetes mellitus and its complications.

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disease that is endemic worldwide and is characterized by persistent hyperglycemia accompanied by multiple severe complications, including cardiovascular disease, kidney dysfunction, neuropathy, and retinopathy. The pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus and its complications is multifactorial, involving various molecular and cellular pathways. In recent years, research has indicated that mechanisms of cell death play a significant role in the advancement of diabetes and its complications.

Land Use Change Consistently Reduces α- But Not β- and γ-Diversity of Bees.

Land use change threatens global biodiversity and compromises ecosystem functions, including pollination and food production. Reduced taxonomic α-diversity is often reported under land use change, yet the impacts could be different at larger spatial scales (i.e.

Spatial frequency of environments and myopia: A systematic review on associated evidence and underlying mechanisms.

Purpose: Previous animal studies have found a relationship between spatial frequency and myopia. New research in humans suggest that reduced high spatial content of the visual environment may be a contributing factor for myopia development. This study aims to review the literature and elucidate the potential biological mechanisms linking spatial frequency and myopia.

The interactive use of augmented reality for educating the elderly on common age-related eye disease.

Background: The prevalence of age-related eye disorders is increasing with the aging of the global population. Community-based visual health education for the elderly has become a crucial intervention. With the advancement of technology, the application of extended reality (XR), such as virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR), in health education has become more popular.

Frailty and neurocognitive impairments in Chinese survivors of childhood cancer.

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of frailty and the association between frailty and neurocognitive impairments among Chinese survivors of childhood cancer.

Methods: A total of 185 survivors of childhood cancer were recruited from a long-term follow-up clinic in Hong Kong (response rate: 94.4%; 48.

Lignin alkali regulated interfacial polymerization towards ultra-selective and highly permeable nanofiltration membrane.

Thin-film composite polyamide (TFC PA) membranes hold promise for energy-efficient liquid separation, but achieving high permeance and precise separation membrane via a facile approach that is compatible with present manufacturing line remains a great challenge. Herein, we demonstrate the use of lignin alkali (LA) derived from waste of paper pulp as an aqueous phase additive to regulate interfacial polymerization (IP) process for achieving high performance nanofiltration (NF) membrane. Various characterizations and molecular dynamics simulations revealed that LA can promote the diffusion and partition of aqueous phase monomer piperazine (PIP) molecules into organic phase and their uniform dispersion on substrate, accelerating the IP reaction and promoting greater interfacial instabilities, thus endowing formation of TFC NF membrane with an ultrathin, highly cross-linked, and crumpled PA layer.

Experimental investigation and finite element analysis on the durability of root-filled teeth treated with multisonic irrigation.

Objective: This study compared the fracture load, stress distribution, and survival probability under cyclic loading of extensively restored teeth treated with multisonic irrigation with those treated with conventional instrumentation, with or without a post.

Methods: Mesial-occlusal-distal cavities were prepared in 30 human mandibular premolars. The teeth were randomly divided into 3 groups of 10 based on the endodontic and restorative procedures: (1) Root canal treatment (RCT) followed by resin composite restoration (control group), (2) RCT followed by a glass fiber post restoration (conventional group), and (3) minimal instrumentation plus multisonic irrigation followed by resin composite restoration (GW group).

Construction of exosome non-coding RNA feature for non-invasive, early detection of gastric cancer patients by machine learning: a multi-cohort study.

Background And Objective: Gastric cancer (GC) remains a prevalent and preventable disease, yet accurate early diagnostic methods are lacking. Exosome non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), a type of liquid biopsy, have emerged as promising diagnostic biomarkers for various tumours. This study aimed to identify a serum exosome ncRNA feature for enhancing GC diagnosis.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Accumulating evidence has shown the neuroprotective effects of estrogen on cognition function, for example delaying the cognitive deterioration in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the clinical usage of estrogen in AD remains controversial. The cytochrome P450 aromatase encoded by CYP19A1, is a key enzyme catalyzing the C19 androgen conversion to C18 estrogen, which induces testosterone to estradiol and androstenedione to estrone.

Global, regional, and national burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risks: an analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Background: The global burden of metabolic diseases is increasing, but estimates of their impact on primary liver cancer are uncertain. We aimed to assess the global burden of primary liver cancer attributable to metabolic risk factors, including high body mass index (BMI) and high fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, between 1990 and 2021.

Methods: The total number and age-standardized rates of deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) from primary liver cancer attributable to each metabolic risk factor were extracted from the Global Burden of Disease Study 1990-2021.

Spatial transcriptomics in breast cancer: providing insight into tumor heterogeneity and promoting individualized therapy.

A comprehensive understanding of tumor heterogeneity, tumor microenvironment and the mechanisms of drug resistance is fundamental to advancing breast cancer research. While single-cell RNA sequencing has resolved the issue of "temporal dynamic expression" of genes at the single-cell level, the lack of spatial information still prevents us from gaining a comprehensive understanding of breast cancer. The introduction and application of spatial transcriptomics addresses this limitation.

Roles of in human health: beyond dental caries.

() is the main pathogenic bacterium causing dental caries, and the modes in which its traits, such as acid production, acid tolerance, and adhesion that contribute to the dental caries process, has been clarified. However, a growing number of animal experiments and clinical revelations signify that these traits of are not restricted to the detriment of dental tissues. These traits can assist in evading the immune system within body fluids; they empower to adhere not merely to the surface of teeth but also to other tissues such as vascular endothelium; they can additionally trigger inflammatory reactions and inflict damage on various organs, thereby leading to the occurrence of systemic diseases.

Revealing the excited-state mechanisms of the polymorphs of a hot exciton material.

As the investigation of high efficiency thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) materials become more mature, regulating the emission properties for single organic luminescence molecules has gained increasing interest recently. Herein, the donor-acceptor compounds F-AQ comprised of fluorene and anthraquinone is reported, and it exhibits a polymorphism with muti-color emission and TADF from high-level intersystem crossing (hRISC). The photodynamics and excited-state transient species were studied by femtosecond transient absorption (fs-TA) spectroscopy.

Time-series single-cell transcriptomic profiling of luteal-phase endometrium uncovers dynamic characteristics and its dysregulation in recurrent implantation failures.

Understanding human endometrial dynamics in the establishment of endometrial receptivity remains a challenge, which limits early diagnosis and treatment of endometrial-factor infertility. Here, we decode the endometrial dynamics of fertile women across the window of implantation and characterize the endometrial deficiency in women with recurrent implantation failure. A computational model capable of both temporal prediction and pattern discovery is used to analyze single-cell transcriptomic data from over 220,000 endometrial cells.

Nucleus-translocated GCLM promotes chemoresistance in colorectal cancer through a moonlighting function.

Metabolic enzymes perform moonlighting functions during tumor progression, including the modulation of chemoresistance. However, the underlying mechanisms of these functions remain elusive. Here, utilizing a metabolic clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas9 knockout library screen, we observe that the loss of glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit (GCLM), a rate-limiting enzyme in glutathione biosynthesis, noticeably increases the sensitivity of colorectal cancer (CRC) cells to platinum-based chemotherapy.

A filter inspired by deep-sea glass sponges for oil cleanup under turbulent flow.

Oil spill disasters lead to widespread and long-lasting social, economical, environmental and ecological impacts. Technical challenges remain for conventional static adsorption due to hydrodynamic instability under complex water-flow conditions, which results in low oil-capture efficiency, time delay and oil escape. To address this issue, we design a vortex-anchored filter inspired by the anatomy of deep-sea glass sponges (E.

Entanglement microscopy and tomography in many-body systems.

Quantum entanglement uncovers the essential principles of quantum matter, yet determining its structure in realistic many-body systems poses significant challenges. Here, we employ a protocol, dubbed entanglement microscopy, to reveal the multipartite entanglement encoded in the full reduced density matrix of the microscopic subregion in spin and fermionic many-body systems. We exemplify our method by studying the phase diagram near quantum critical points (QCP) in 2 spatial dimensions: the transverse field Ising model and a Gross-Neveu-Yukawa transition of Dirac fermions.

Aspirin is associated with lower risk of pancreatic cancer and cancer-related mortality in patients with diabetes mellitus.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) have higher pancreatic cancer (PC) risk. While aspirin has chemopreventive effects on digestive cancers, its effect on PC among patients with T2DM is unclear.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study identified newly diagnosed adult patients with T2DM in Hong Kong between 2001 and 2015 from a territory-wide healthcare registry.

Robotic total knee arthroplasty safely reduces length of stay in an Asian public healthcare system.

Aims: Around the world, the emergence of robotic technology has improved surgical precision and accuracy in total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This territory-wide study compares the results of various robotic TKA (R-TKA) systems with those of conventional TKA (C-TKA) and computer-navigated TKA (N-TKA).

Methods: This is a retrospective study utilizing territory-wide data from the Clinical Data Analysis and Reporting System (CDARS).

The 2024 APLAR Consensus on the Management of Lupus Nephritis.

The APLAR has published a set of recommendations on the management of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in 2021. The current consensus paper supplements and updates specifically the treatment of lupus nephritis (LN) according to two rounds of Delphi exercise from members of the APLAR SLE special interest group, invited nephrologists, histopathologists, and lupus nephritis patients. For initial treatment of LN, we recommend a combination of glucocorticoids (GCs) with cyclophosphamide (CYC), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), or the calcineurin inhibitors (CNIs) as first-line options.

Standardization and consensus in the development and application of bone organoids.

Organoids, self-organized structures derived from stem cells cultured in a specific three-dimensional (3D) microenvironment, have emerged as innovative platforms that closely mimic cellular behavior, tissue architecture, and organ function. Bone organoids, a frontier in organoid research, can replicate the complex structures and functional characteristics of bone tissue. Recent advancements have led to the successful development of bone organoids, including models of callus, woven bone, cartilage, trabecular bone, and bone marrow.