Regulation of pattern recognition receptor signaling by palmitoylation.

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), consisting of Toll-like receptors, RIG-I-like receptors, cytosolic DNA sensors, and NOD-like receptors, sense exogenous pathogenic molecules and endogenous damage signals to maintain physiological homeostasis. Upon activation, PRRs stimulate the sensitization of nuclear factor κB, mitogen-activated protein kinase, TANK-binding kinase 1-interferon (IFN) regulatory factor, and inflammasome signaling pathways to produce inflammatory factors and IFNs to activate Janus kinase/signal transducer and activator of transcription signaling pathways, resulting in anti-infection, antitumor, and other specific immune responses. Palmitoylation is a crucial type of post-translational modification that reversibly alters the localization, stability, and biological activity of target molecules.

First-line cadonilimab plus chemotherapy in HER2-negative advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma: a randomized, double-blind, phase 3 trial.

Programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) inhibitors plus chemotherapy have been the standard of care in the first-line treatment of advanced gastric or gastroesophageal junction (G/GEJ) adenocarcinoma; however, the survival benefits are modest in patients with low programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression. Here we investigated the efficacy and safety of cadonilimab (PD-1/cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) bispecific antibody) plus chemotherapy as first-line treatment in G/GEJ adenocarcinoma. The prespecified interim analysis is reported here.

Mechanism of TGIF1 on glycolipid metabolism disorders in mice with type 2 diabetes.

Introduction: Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a chronic condition characterized by high levels of blood glucose resulting from the inefficiency of insulin. This study aims to explore the mechanism of TGFB-induced factor homeobox 1 (TGIF1) in the glycolipid metabolism of mice with T2D.

Research Design And Methods: Mice with T2D were induced by high-fat diet and low-dose streptozotocin (STZ) injection.

Network topology and metabolic alterations in early- and mid-stage Parkinson's disease: insights from fluorodeoxyglucose PET imaging.

Objectives: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with distinct metabolic alterations in the brain, which are detectable via 18F-FDG PET. This study aims to delineate glucose metabolism patterns and network topology changes across early- and mid-stage PD patients.

Methods: A total of 80 PD patients (Hoehn-Yahr stages 1-3) were retrospectively analyzed, including 40 early-stage and 40 mid-stage cases, along with 40 age-matched healthy controls.

Oral Administration of Hydrogen-rich Water: Biomedical Activities, Potential Mechanisms, and Clinical Applications.

Molecular hydrogen (H2) is considered a biological antioxidant. Hydrogen-rich Water (HRW) is regular water that contains dissolved H2 and has become more widely used in recent years. This review summarizes the basic research and clinical applications of HRW consumption to support its use for daily health and clinical treatment.

Clinicopathological characteristics of invasive stratified mucinous carcinoma of the cervix and the expression and clinical significance of SLC7A11, SLC3A2 and PD-L1.

Introduction: Invasive Stratified Mucin-producing Carcinoma (ISMC) of the cervix is a newly named cervical adenocarcinoma associated with Human Papilloma virus (HPV). Due to its relative rarity, clinical data, pathological features, and molecular characteristics of ISMC are still under exploration. This study aims to retrospectively analyze the clinical data and pathological features of ISMC patients, summarizing the clinical and pathological morphological characteristics of ISMC.

Identifying core symptom clusters based on symptom distress levels in patients with maintenance hemodialysis: a cross-sectional network analysis.

Background: To explore the symptom clusters of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis and construct a symptom network to identify the core symptoms and core symptom clusters, to provide reference for precise symptom management.

Methods: Conveniently selected 354 patients with maintenance hemodialysis were surveyed cross-sectionally using the general information questionnaire, the Dialysis Symptom Index and the Kidney Disease Questionnaire. Symptom clusters were extracted using exploratory factor analysis, and core symptom clusters were identified using hierarchical regression and network analysis.

Cadmium Reduces VE-Cadherin Expression in Endothelial Cells Through Activation of the Notch Signaling Pathway.

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal which induces vascular disorders. Previous studies suggest that Cd in the bloodstream affects vascular endothelial cells (ECs), potentially contributing to vascular-related diseases. However, the molecular mechanisms of effects of Cd on ECs remain poorly understood.

Co-culturing neural and bone mesenchymal stem cells in photosensitive hydrogel enhances spinal cord injury repair.

In mammalian species, neural tissues cannot regenerate following severe spinal cord injury (SCI), for which stem cell transplantation is a promising treatment. Neural stem cells (NSCs) have the potential to repair SCI; however, in unfavourable microenvironments, transplanted NSCs mainly differentiate into astrocytes rather than neurons. In contrast, bone mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) promote the differentiation of NSCs into neurons and regulate inflammatory responses.

The characteristic expression of circulating in osteoporosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate the characteristics of the circulating microRNA expression profiles in patients with osteoporosis.

Methods: A systematic literature search was performed using the Web of Science, PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP, and WANFANG databases from inception until 1 March 2024. The search strategy employed keywords, encompassing "osteoporosis", "bone loss", or "osteopenia" and "miRNA" or "microRNA".

Research on magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

As a common disease in the elderly, the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) is of great significance to the treatment and prognosis of the patients. Studies have found that magnetic resonance imaging plays an important role in the early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease. This article tries to review the application of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Causal relationship between dyslipidemia and diabetic neuropathy: a mendelian randomization study.

Some studies have shown an association between dyslipidemia and diabetic neuropathy (DN), but the genetic association has not been clarified. Therefore, the present study aimed to investigate the genetic causal association between dyslipidemia and DN through a Mendelian randomization (MR) approach. Genetic causal associations between total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and DN were investigated by MR to provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of DN.

Deep Learning-Based Automatic Segmentation Combined with Radiomics to Predict Post-TACE Liver Failure in HCC Patients.

Objective: To develop and validate a deep learning-based automatic segmentation model and combine with radiomics to predict post-TACE liver failure (PTLF) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients.

Methods: This was a retrospective study enrolled 210 TACE-trated HCC patients. Automatic segmentation model based on nnU-Net neural network was developed to segment medical images and assessed by the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC).

Systemic heterogeneity in autism spectrum disorder revealed by individualized structural covariance network analysis.

Background And Purpose: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is clinically heterogeneous, and resent neuroimaging studies have shown the presence of brain structural heterogeneity in ASD. However, there is currently a lack of evidence for systemic level brain structural heterogeneity. This study aimed to reveal the heterogeneity of brain structural changes at the systemic level in ASD patients through individual differential structural covariance network (IDSCN) analysis.

Mechanism of RBM15 in the malignant proliferation of colorectal cancer cells through regulating the stability of LncRNA FGD5-AS1 via m6A modification.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most prevalent cancer all around the world. This study explored the mechanism of RBM15-mediated m6A modification in CRC cell malignant proliferation. The expression of RBM15, LncRNA FGD5-AS1, and HOXC10 was detected in CRC cells.

The crosstalks between vascular endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscle cells, and adventitial fibroblasts in vascular remodeling.

Pathological vascular remodeling (VR) is characterized by structural and functional alterations in the vascular wall resulting from injury, which significantly contribute to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). The vascular wall consists primarily of endothelial cells (ECs), vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), and adventitial fibroblasts (AFs), whose interactions are crucial for both the formation of the vascular system and the maintenance of mature blood vessels. Disruptions in the communication between these cell types have been implicated in the progression of VR.

Efficacy, safety, and biomarker analysis of first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors with chemotherapy versus chemotherapy for advanced gastric cancer: a multicenter, retrospective cohort study.

Background: Recent phase III randomized controlled trials have demonstrated that first-line immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) improve prognosis in advanced HER-2-negative gastric cancer patients with programmed death ligand 1 (PD-L1) combined positive score (CPS) higher than 5. However, these findings are not confirmed in real-world settings, and the benefits in PD-L1 CPS < 5 patients remain controversial.

Methods: In this multicenter, retrospective cohort study, data from across thirteen medical centers were analyzed by inverse probability of treatment weighting for matching, alongside univariate and multivariate COX proportional hazard regression models.

Development and validation of a Prediction Model for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Disease.

Background: Acute pulmonary embolism (APE) is a critical disease with a high mortality rate, some of the surviving patients may develop chronic thromboembolic pulmonary disease (CTEPD), which affects the patient's prognosis. However, the research on the early diagnosis of CTEPD is limited. This study aimed to establish a prediction model for earlier identification of CTEPD.

ZNF131-BACH1 transcriptionally accelerates RAD51-dependent homologous recombination repair and therapy-resistance of non-small-lung cancer cells by preventing their degradation from CUL3.

Both bulk RNA-sequencing and GEO database upon chemotherapy to non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cells reveal that ZNF131 (Zinc Finger Protein 131) maybe a crucial transcriptional factor involved. However, it is a recently discovered protein with largely unexplored expression patterns and biological functions. Bioinformatics analyses and immunohistochemistry staining were assessed to detect both mRNA and protein levels of ZNF131 in NSCLC specimens and cell lines.

Immunoglobulin G N-glycan markers of mild cognitive impairment in a Chinese population with cerebrovascular stenosis: A case-control study.

Background: Immunoglobulin G (IgG) N-glycans have been shown to regulate the inflammatory response in the context of disease. In recent years, it has been found to be associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. In this study, we examined the relationship between IgG N-glycans and mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in a high-risk population for MCI, specifically patients with cerebrovascular stenosis.

The Effects of Non-Pharmacological Therapies for Dysphagia in Parkinson's Disease: A Systematic Review.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is currently the second most common degenerative neurological disorder globally, with aspiration pneumonia caused by difficulty swallowing being the deadliest complication. The patient's subjective experience and the safety of swallowing have been the main focus of previous evaluations and treatment plans. The effectiveness of treatment may be attributed to the brain's ability to adapt and compensate.

Feature genes identification and immune infiltration assessment in abdominal aortic aneurysm using WGCNA and machine learning algorithms.

Objective: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a life-threatening vascular condition. This study aimed to discover new indicators for the early detection of AAA and explore the possible involvement of immune cell activity in its development.

Methods: Sourced from the Gene Expression Omnibus, the AAA microarray datasets GSE47472 and GSE57691 were combined to generate the training set.

Tislelizumab for consolidation therapy in patients with pathologically residual Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma after definitive concurrent Chemoradiotherapy: a multicenter, randomized, controlled phase II trial.

Although concurrent Chemoradiotherapy (cCRT) is presently the standard intervention for patients with inoperable, locally advanced Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma (ESCC), it has been associated with poor long-term survival outcomes. Notably, Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors (ICIs) improve the long-term survival of Esophageal Cancer (EC) patients, with manageable Adverse Effects (AEs). Herein, 90 patients with residual pathology after radical simultaneous Radiotherapy (RT) for inoperable/refused-to-operate ESCC were enrolled and randomized into two treatment groups (Chemotherapy+immunotherapy and chemotherapy alone) in a 2:1 ratio.

Elucidation of the inhibitory effects of Jiedu Yizhi formula on neuronal apoptosis in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease based on network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the mechanism of action of Jiedu Yizhi formula (JDYZF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD) through network pharmacology, molecular docking technology, and in vivo experiments.

Method:  The main active ingredients of seven herbs in the Chinese Medicine compound JDYZF were identified by searching the TCMSP database, PubChem database, CNKI, and other sources. Disease targets of AD were obtained from databases such as OMIM, TDD, DisGeNET, and DrugBank.