ResNet-Vision Transformer based MRI-endoscopy fusion model for predicting treatment response to neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced rectal cancer: A multicenter study.

Background: Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery has been a common practice for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer, but the response rate varies among patients. This study aimed to develop a ResNet-Vision Transformer based magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-endoscopy fusion model to precisely predict treatment response and provide personalized treatment.

Methods: In this multicenter study, 366 eligible patients who had undergone neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery at eight Chinese tertiary hospitals between January 2017 and June 2024 were recruited, with 2928 pretreatment colonic endoscopic images and 366 pelvic MRI images.

Summary of clinical features of 1800 cases of pyogenic liver abscess.

Objective: This study aimed to summarize the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with pyogenic liver abscess (PLA) and to explore the clinical features of PLA with extrahepatic migratory infection (EMI).

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on clinical data from 1800 PLA patients at Jilin University First Hospital from January 2019 to December 2023. Patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of EMI: with EMI and without EMI.

Treatment advances of sepsis‑induced myopathy (Review).

Sepsis-induced myopathy (SIM) is a muscle disease caused by multiple pathological and physiological mechanisms associated with sepsis. The pathogenesis of SIM is extremely complex and still unclear, making treatment challenging. At present, clinical treatment includes early functional exercise, respiratory muscle strength training, regulation of nutritional structure and functional electrical stimulation.

Immunotherapy for metastatic gastric cancer.

This editorial discusses the article written by Chen that was published in the latest edition of the . The current study found that programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) expression is considered as one of the pan-cancer biomarkers of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) treatment response. Four molecular subtypes are widely used to guide and evaluate the prognosis and diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer (GC) patients.

Single-tube detection of a foodborne bacterial pathogen using user-friendly portable device.

Timely and reliable detection of foodborne bacterial pathogen is crucial for reducing disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. However, laboratory-based methods are often inaccessibility in resource-limited settings. Here, we developed a single-tube assay and a low-cost palm-sized device for on-site detection of the representative foodborne bacterial pathogen, Salmonella Enteritidis.

Neutrophil diversity and function in health and disease.

Neutrophils, the most abundant type of granulocyte, are widely recognized as one of the pivotal contributors to the acute inflammatory response. Initially, neutrophils were considered the mobile infantry of the innate immune system, tasked with the immediate response to invading pathogens. However, recent studies have demonstrated that neutrophils are versatile cells, capable of regulating various biological processes and impacting both human health and disease.

Erythrocyte-Based Biomimetic MOFs as a Triple Epigenetic Regulator for Enhancing Anti-Leukemia Immunity.

While therapeutic strategies targeting epigenetic dysregulation hold promise for leukemia, epigenetic drugs face several limitations, including low utilization rates, the emergence of resistance, and off-target effects. The hypoxic microenvironment in leukemia further impairs drug sensitivity. Here, we synthesized an MOF-based erythrocyte biomimetic nanoplatform to enhance immune responses against leukemia by targeting three epigenetic modifications.

Sex influences on hippocampal kindling-induced seizures in middle-aged mice.

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disorder, and its prevalence presents a bimodal distribution with high incidences in children and older adults. The incidence of epilepsy does not generally differ between men and women; however, whether this holds true for new-onset epilepsy in older adults is unclear. While studies in animal models of epilepsy may help explore the biological mechanisms relevant to the influences of sex on epileptogenesis, relatively little information is available regarding sex differences in the genesis of epileptic seizures in middle-aged animals.

Airborne micro- and nanoplastics: emerging causes of respiratory diseases.

Airborne micro- and nanoplastics (AMNPs) are ubiquitously present in human living environments and pose significant threats to respiratory health. Currently, much research has been conducted on the relationship between micro- and nanoplastics (MNPs) and cardiovascular and gastrointestinal diseases, yet there is a clear lack of understanding regarding the link between AMNPs and respiratory diseases. Therefore, it is imperative to explore the relationship between the two.

J-Shaped Association Between Respiratory Rate and In-Hospital Mortality in Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients Complicated by Congestive Heart Failure in Intensive Care Unit.

While respiratory rate has proven to be a sensitive prognostic indicator in ICU settings, its relevance in the context of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) patients complicated by Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) remains underexplored. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the relationship between respiratory rate and in-hospital mortality in this specific patient cohort. This retrospective cohort study utilized the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-IV database to analyze all AMI patients with concomitant CHF.

α-klotho reduces susceptibility to osteoarthritis: evidence from cross-sectional studies and Mendelian randomization.

Background: Despite extensive research, the association between serum α-klotho levels and osteoarthritis (OA) remains unclear, predominantly relying on findings from OA mouse models. This study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) to conduct a cross-sectional study examining the relationship between α-klotho and human OA. In addition, we used Mendelian randomization (MR) to genetically infer a causal relationship between serum α-klotho and the three OA subtypes.

Exploring the dark side of diagnostic dyes with a focus on Indocyanine green's adverse reactions.

Indocyanine green (ICG) is a diagnostic dye commonly used in medical imaging and liver function monitoring. Given its widespread use, there is a need for detailed evaluations of its adverse drug reactions in real-world settings. As the comprehensive overview of its safety profile is very limited, this study aimed to analyze the adverse events (AEs) associated with ICG using data from the Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Aire attenuate collagen-induced arthritis by suppressing T follicular helper cells through ICOSL.

Objective: To assess the expression levels of autoimmune regulator (Aire) and inducible costimulator molecule ligand (ICOSL), as well as T follicular helper (Tfh) cell numbers in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, and to explore their relationship with RA severity. We also aimed to investigate the effect of Aire on arthritis and its underlying mechanisms.

Methods: The expression levels of Aire, ICOSL, and Tfh cell numbers were measured in RA patients.

FDG PET/CT in Papillary Intralymphatic Angioendothelioma of the Spleen.

Splenic papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma is extremely rare. We describe FDG PET/CT and MRI findings of splenic papillary intralymphatic angioendothelioma in a young adult. The splenic tumor showed hypodensity and increased FDG uptake with SUVmax of 4 on PET/CT, heterogeneous signal intensity with internal hypointense stellate scars on T2-weighted image, and progressive centripetal enhancement on dynamic contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images.

Effect of Exercise Intervention on Chemotherapy-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy Symptoms in Cancer Patients: A Meta-analysis.

Background: Exercise has been widely used to improve chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in cancer patients in recent years; however, there is insufficient evidence to support the effectiveness of exercise intervention in cancer patients.

Objective: This review aims to comprehensively evaluate the effectiveness of exercise intervention in the management of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy symptoms in cancer patients and to explore effective exercise intervention characteristics by comparing the effects of different exercise prescriptions.

Methods: Ten databases were systematically searched from published up to May 2024.

Delayed venous hemorrhage after endovascular treatment for a petrous ridge dural arteriovenous fistula.

Endovascular treatment (EVT) is the first-line treatment for petrous ridge dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs). However, EVT is associated with complications. Among these complications, delayed venous hemorrhage is fatal.