Mining and analysis of amphotericin B adverse reaction signals: a real-world study based on the FAERS database.

Background: Invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have become an increasingly serious public health problem. Amphotericin B (AmB) remains the important component in the treatment of IFIs. But its clinical application is limited due to its adverse reactions.

Artesunate attenuates skin hypertrophic scar formation by inhibiting fibroblast activation and EndMT of vascular endothelial cells.

Background Hypertrophic scarring is an abnormal condition involving excessive fibroblast activation, aberrant extracellular matrix deposition, and persistent inflammation. Current treatments have limited efficacy and potential adverse effects, necessitating the development of new approaches. Purpose In this study, we investigated the effects of artesunate (ART) on hypertrophic scar (HS) formation and explored the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms.

Extending curve matching with flexible hyperparameter selection to predict response to long-acting PEGylated growth hormone treatment in growth hormone deficiency children: method development and validation.

Purpose: Curve matching can predict the height trajectories of children by analyzing longitudinal growth data. We extended the method to improve the prediction of response to long-acting growth hormone treatment in children with growth hormone deficiency (GHD).

Methods: We analyzed data from a previous real-world study with a 36-month treatment of PEGylated recombinant human growth hormone (PEG-rhGH).

Validation Status of Electronic Sphygmomanometers in China: A National Survey.

Background: Although the information on the validation status of electronic sphygmomanometer (ES) devices in use in health care institutions and households is much more clinically relevant than that of ES models available on the market, it remains insufficient.

Methods: A national survey was conducted across all administrative regions of mainland China to assess the validation status of ESs. Fifty-eight cities were selected with stratification by municipality, provincial capital, and other cities, and health care institutions and households in each city were chosen by convenience to identify ES devices in use according to the study protocol.

A systematic analysis of the global, regional, and national burden of fungal skin diseases from 1990 to 2021.

Purpose: We aimed to assess the burden of Fungal Skin Diseases (FSD) in 2021 and explore the changing trends from 1990 to 2021 across different age groups and time periods.

Methods: This study extracted three key indicators of the burden of FSD from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021 study: prevalence, incidence, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs). The results were presented using point estimates and Uncertainty Intervals (UIs), and secondary analysis was conducted on these data to assess the changing trends in the burden of FSD using percentage change.

Caregiver Burden and Its Associated Factors Among Family Caregivers of Hospitalized Patients with Neurocritical Disease: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background:  Providing informal care for patients with neurocritical diseases is a challenging job, and family caregivers usually experience psychological distress and high caregiver burden. Previous studies have focused on caregiver burden for patients in the home rehabilitation stage, while few studies investigate caregiver burden among informal caregivers of early postoperative inpatients.

Objective: This study aimed to investigate caregiver burden for caregivers of patients with neurocritical diseases during hospitalization and to identify predictive factors related to caregiver burden.

Harnessing Risk Assessment for Thrombosis and Bleeding to Optimize Anticoagulation Strategy in Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation.

Background:  Oral anticoagulation (OAC) following catheter ablation (CA) of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) is essential for the prevention of thrombosis events. Inappropriate application of OACs does not benefit stroke prevention but may be associated with a higher risk of bleeding. Therefore, this study aims to develop clinical data-driven machine learning (ML) methods to predict the risk of thrombosis and bleeding to establish more precise anticoagulation strategies for patients with NVAF.

A real-world pharmacovigilance study of polatuzumab vedotin based on the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

Background: Polatuzumab vedotin, the first FDA-approved antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) targeting CD79b, is utilized in the treatment of previously untreated diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) or high-grade B-cell lymphoma (HGBL), as well as relapsed or refractory (R/R) DLBCL. Despite its approval, concerns persist regarding the long-term safety profile of polatuzumab vedotin. This study aims to evaluate the adverse events (AEs) associated with polatuzumab vedotin since its approval in 2019, utilizing data mining strategies applied to the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS).

Global, regional, and national burden and trends of migraine among women of childbearing age from 1990 to 2021: insights from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Migraine, a neurological disorder with a significant female predilection, is the leading cause of disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in women of childbearing age (WCBA). There is currently a lack of comprehensive literature analysis on the overall global burden and changing trends of migraines in WCBA.

Methods: This study extracted three main indicators, including prevalence, incidence, and DALYs, related to migraine in WCBA from the Global Burden of Disease(GBD) database from 1990 to 2021.

Decompressive craniectomy for patients with malignant infarction of the middle cerebral artery: A pooled analysis of two randomized controlled trials.

Background: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) reduces mortality without increasing the risk of very severe disability among patients with life-threatening massive cerebral infarction. However, its efficacy was demonstrated before the era of endovascular thrombectomy trials. It remains uncertain whether DC improves the prognosis of patients with malignant middle cerebral artery (MCA) infarction receiving endovascular therapy.

Therapeutic drug monitoring of imipenem/cilastatin and meropenem in critically ill adult patients.

Objectives: To investigate the factors influencing imipenem/cilastatin (IMI) and meropenem (MEM) concentrations in critically ill adult patients and the role of these concentrations in the clinical outcome.

Methods: Plasma trough concentrations of IMI and MEM were detected by high-performance liquid chromatography. A target value of 100%-time above MIC was used for the drugs.

Risk factors for drug-related acute pancreatitis: an analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system (FAERS).

While several drugs have been linked to acute pancreatitis (AP), the AP-related risk of most drugs remains unclear. This study investigated the risk factors for drug-induced AP by analyzing a large dataset from the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS). The reporting odds ratios (ROR) were used to assess the reports of drug-induced AP from the first quarter of 2004 to the second quarter of 2022.

Postmarketing Safety of Sacituzumab Govitecan: A Pharmacovigilance Study Based on the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System.

Sacituzumab govitecan is widely used for the treatment of breast cancer and urothelial carcinoma, but available information regarding adverse events (AEs) is limited. We aim to explore the AE induced by sacituzumab govitecan by mining the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) database. The association between sacituzumab govitecan and AEs was evaluated using the information component.

Dominant mechanism in spinal cord injury-induced immunodeficiency syndrome (SCI-IDS): sympathetic hyperreflexia.

Clinical studies have shown that individuals with spinal cord injury (SCI) are particularly susceptible to infectious diseases, resulting in a syndrome called SCI-induced immunodeficiency syndrome (SCI-IDS), which is the leading cause of death after SCI. It is believed that SCI-IDS is associated with exaggerated activation of sympathetic preganglionic neurons (SPNs). After SCI, disruption of bulbospinal projections from the medulla oblongata C1 neurons to the SPNs results in the loss of sympathetic inhibitory modulation from the brain and brainstem and the occurrence of abnormally high levels of spinal sympathetic reflexes (SSR), named sympathetic hyperreflexia.

Correlations among the plasma concentrations of first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs and the physiological parameters influencing concentrations.

The plasma concentrations of the four most commonly used first-line anti-tuberculosis (TB) drugs, isoniazid (INH), rifampicin (RMP), ethambutol (EMB), and pyrazinamide (PZA), are often not within the therapeutic range. Insufficient drug exposure could lead to drug resistance and treatment failure, while excessive drug levels may lead to adverse reactions. The purpose of this study was to identify the physiological parameters influencing anti-TB drug concentrations.

Prediction of plasma trough concentration of voriconazole in adult patients using machine learning.

Objective: Plasma trough concentration of voriconazole (VCZ) was associated with its toxicity and efficacy. However, the nonlinear pharmacokinetic characteristics of VCZ make it difficult to determine the relationship between clinical characteristics and its concentration. We intended to present a machine learning (ML)-based method to predict toxic plasma trough concentration of VCZ (>5 μg/mL).

Effect of collateral status on the outcomes of endovascular treatment of acute basilar artery occlusion due to large-artery atherosclerosis.

Objective: Authors of this study aimed to evaluate the effects of collateral status on the prognostic value of endovascular treatment (EVT) in patients with basilar artery occlusion (BAO) due to large-artery atherosclerosis (LAA).

Methods: The study included 312 patients from the BASILAR (Endovascular Treatment for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) registry who had undergone EVT for acute BAO due to LAA and whose composite collateral scores were available. The effects of collateral status on EVT were assessed based on the composite collateral score (0-2 vs 3-5).

Hyperprogressive disease after immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in a patient with non‑small cell lung cancer who harbors a TGFBR2 mutation: A case report.

We previously demonstrated that a transforming growth factor β type II receptor () mutation can predict resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), based on publicly available immunotherapeutic cohorts. However, the efficacy of ICI-based regimens in patients with advanced NSCLC harboring mutations in the real-world setting is rarely reported. The present study describes the case of a patient with advanced NSCLC who harbors a mutation.

Small molecule inhibitors of osteoarthritis: Current development and future perspective.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is one of the common degenerative joint diseases in clinic. It mainly damages articular cartilage, causing pain, swelling and stiffness around joints, and is the main cause of disability of the elderly. Due to the unclear pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and the poor self-healing ability of articular cartilage, the treatment options for this disease are limited.

Effect of direct endovascular treatment versus standard bridging therapy in large artery anterior circulation stroke (DEVT): 18-month follow-up of a randomized controlled trial.

Background: Two trials in Chinese population showed that endovascular treatment (EVT) alone was noninferior to alteplase follow by EVT at 90 days. However, results of long-term clinical outcomes remain unknown. We reported the results of prespecified 18-month analysis of the DEVT trail.