Tackling differential attainment in specialist GP training in England and Scotland.

In this article NHS England and NHS Education for Scotland describe practical ways we are tackling differences in the attainment of people training as general practitioners (GPs).Trainees from minority ethnic groups and international medical graduates are less likely than others to qualify as GPs. It is difficult to change systemic inequalities, but over the past five years we have made practical changes to GP speciality training.

Can a training hub deliver undergraduate medical education with patient educators?

Background: Medical schools may find it difficult to coordinate GP practices to support undergraduate medical education in primary care. In England, every Integrated Care System area now has a funded training hub to plan and upskill the primary care and community health workforce. We evaluated whether a training hub could help deliver undergraduate medical education, co-facilitated by patient educators.

Systematic review of monotherapy with biologicals for children and adults with IgE-mediated food allergy.

Background: Biological therapies relieve symptoms in allergic inflammatory diseases so we systematically reviewed the evidence about whether biological monotherapy could benefit people with IgE-mediated food allergy.

Methods: We searched six bibliographic databases from 1946 to 30 September 2021 for randomised and non-randomised controlled trials about biological monotherapy in people with IgE-mediated food allergy confirmed by oral food challenge. We used the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach to narratively summarise findings from three trials with 118 participants.

Do fellowships for newly qualified GPs improve retention? Evaluation of London's SPIN New to Practice Fellowships.

Background: We explored whether having a variety of work roles and extra support during the first 2 years after qualifying would retain general practitioners (GPs) in London. Newly qualified GPs were offered a Fellowship comprising permanent salaried positions, part-time (portfolio) roles outside general practice and peer support for 1-2 years.

Methods: We surveyed newly qualified GPs taking part in the Fellowship near the beginning of their Fellowship (91) and again after 8-10 months (93).

Risk factors for severe reactions in food allergy: Rapid evidence review with meta-analysis.

This rapid review summarizes the most up to date evidence about the risk factors for severe food-induced allergic reactions. We searched three bibliographic databases for studies published between January 2010 and August 2021. We included 88 studies and synthesized the evidence narratively, undertaking meta-analysis where appropriate.

Allergen immunotherapy and/or biologicals for IgE-mediated food allergy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: There is substantial interest in immunotherapy and biologicals in IgE-mediated food allergy.

Methods: We searched six databases for randomized controlled trials about immunotherapy alone or with biologicals (to April 2021) or biological monotherapy (to September 2021) in food allergy confirmed by oral food challenge. We pooled the data using random-effects meta-analysis.

EAACI guidelines: Anaphylaxis (2021 update).

Anaphylaxis is a clinical emergency which all healthcare professionals need to be able to recognize and manage. The European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Anaphylaxis multidisciplinary Task Force has updated the 2014 guideline. The guideline was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach.

EAACI guideline: Preventing the development of food allergy in infants and young children (2020 update).

Background: This guideline from the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) recommends approaches to prevent the development of immediate-onset / IgE-mediated food allergy in infants and young children. It is an update of a 2014 EAACI guideline.

Methods: The guideline was developed using the AGREE II framework and the GRADE approach.

Diagnosing, managing and preventing anaphylaxis: Systematic review.

Background: This systematic review used the GRADE approach to compile evidence to inform the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology's (EAACI) anaphylaxis guideline.

Methods: We searched five bibliographic databases from 1946 to 20 April 2020 for studies about the diagnosis, management and prevention of anaphylaxis. We included 50 studies with 18 449 participants: 29 randomized controlled trials, seven controlled clinical trials, seven consecutive case series and seven case-control studies.

Preventing food allergy in infancy and childhood: Systematic review of randomised controlled trials.

Background: This systematic review of ways to prevent immediate-onset/IgE-mediated food allergy will inform guidelines by the European Academy of Allergy and Immunology (EAACI).

Methods: The GRADE approach was used. Eleven databases were searched from 1946 to October 2019 for randomized controlled trials (and large prospective cohort studies in the case of breastfeeding).

Preventing immediate-onset food allergy in infants, children and adults: Systematic review protocol.

Background: More than 17 million people across Europe have allergies to food and the burden of food allergies is increasing. In 2014, the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) published guidelines for preventing food allergy. Important research has been published since then and it is essential to ensure the guidelines reflect the latest evidence.

An evaluation of a safety improvement intervention in care homes in England: a participatory qualitative study.

Objective: A growing proportion of older people live in care homes and are at high risk of preventable harm. This study describes a participatory qualitative evaluation of a complex safety improvement intervention, comprising training, performance measurement and culture-change elements, on the safety of care provided for residents.

Design: A participatory qualitative study.

A before and after study of integrated training sessions for children's health and care services.

Recent UK policy drivers such as the National Collaboration for Integrated Care and Support and Making Every Contact Count prioritise integrated care, an approach that seeks to provide more coordinated and seamless health and social care. In children's services, despite many partners, there are challenges around integrating care. A deprived borough of London ran short training and networking sessions for services supporting children and young people.

The use of home brew in Pacific Islands countries and territories.

This review examines what is known about the production and use of home brew in the Pacific Islands countries and territories. Data collection involved interviews of 78 men and women from the Marshall Islands, Papua New Guinea, Toga, and Tuvalu. The interviews were conducted in 2013 by local interviewers.

How safe is primary care? A systematic review.

Importance: Improving patient safety is at the forefront of policy and practice. While considerable progress has been made in understanding the frequency, causes and consequences of error in hospitals, less is known about the safety of primary care.

Objective: We investigated how often patient safety incidents occur in primary care and how often these were associated with patient harm.

International inter-school competition to encourage children to walk to school: a mixed methods feasibility study.

Background: Active travel to school can be an important contributor to the total physical activity of children but levels have declined and more novel approaches are required to stimulate this as an habitual behaviour. The aim of this mixed methods study was to investigate the feasibility of an international walk to school competition supported by novel swipecard technology to increase children's walking to/from school.

Methods: Children aged 9-13 years old participated in an international walk to school competition to win points for themselves, their school and their country over a 4-week period.

Evaluation of a programme in population health management for GP trainees.

Objectives: There is an increasing focus on improving outcomes for populations. General practice has a key role to play in achieving better patient outcomes. A programme in population health management was developed for GP trainees in their fourth year.

Primary prevention of food allergy in children and adults: systematic review.

Background: Food allergies can have serious physical, social, and financial consequences. This systematic review examined ways to prevent the development of food allergy in children and adults.

Methods: Seven bibliographic databases were searched from their inception to September 30, 2012, for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before-and-after studies, interrupted time series studies, and prospective cohort studies.

Acute and long-term management of food allergy: systematic review.

Background: Allergic reactions to food can have serious consequences. This systematic review summarizes evidence about the immediate management of reactions and longer-term approaches to minimize adverse impacts.

Methods: Seven bibliographic databases were searched from their inception to September 30, 2012, for systematic reviews, randomized controlled trials, quasi-randomized controlled trials, controlled clinical trials, controlled before-and-after and interrupted time series studies.