The Genomic Response to TGF-β1 Dictates Failed Repair and Progression of Fibrotic Disease in the Obstructed Kidney.

Tubulointerstitial fibrosis is a common and diagnostic hallmark of a spectrum of chronic renal disorders. While the etiology varies as to the causative nature of the underlying pathology, persistent TGF-β1 signaling drives the relentless progression of renal fibrotic disease. TGF-β1 orchestrates the multifaceted program of kidney fibrogenesis involving proximal tubular dysfunction, failed epithelial recovery or re-differentiation, capillary collapse and subsequent interstitial fibrosis eventually leading to chronic and ultimately end-stage disease.

TGF-β1-p53 cooperativity regulates a profibrotic genomic program in the kidney: molecular mechanisms and clinical implications.

Chronic kidney disease affects >15% of the U.S. population and >850 million individuals worldwide.

TGF-β1/p53 signaling in renal fibrogenesis.

Fibrotic disorders of the renal, pulmonary, cardiac, and hepatic systems are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Effective therapies to prevent or curtail the advancement to organ failure, however, remain a major clinical challenge. Chronic kidney disease, in particular, constitutes an increasing medical burden affecting >15% of the US population.

Analysis of semen parameters during 2 weeks of daily ejaculation: a first in humans study.

Background: Timed and frequent intercourse around the time of female ovulation is recommended to improve conception. Although a significant number of articles have examined how the length of abstinence affects these semen analysis, the effects of frequent (daily) ejaculation has not been rigorously studied.

Methods: Twenty normal men were recruited for daily ejaculation over 14 consecutive days, after a 3-5 days abstinence period.

The role of laparoscopy in children with groin problems.

The use of laparoscopic surgery has grown dramatically in recent years in most all types of surgery. Historically, the early use of laparoscopic surgery was for pelvic and groin problems. In this article we review the current technique, indications, benefits and complications of laparoscopy in diagnosis and management of various groin problems in children including undescended testes (non-palpable and palpable) and inguinal hernia.

Exploring Urological Surgery Wait Times as a Quality Indicator of Care: A Case Study of Different Health Care Systems.

Introduction: We determined and compared wait times for urological procedures at 2 centers in different health care systems to more fully understand the usefulness of wait times as a quality indicator.

Methods: A retrospective review of patient wait times for transurethral bladder tumor resection was performed at Albany Medical Center, Albany, New York and Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. The time from the decision for surgery until the completion of surgery (Wait 2) was determined for 495 consecutive patients during calendar years 2011 and 2012.

Management of undescended testis may be improved with educational updates for referring providers.

Objective: A large proportion of boys referred for undescended testis (UDT) is not managed optimally prior to the referral, with the majority seen at >1 year of age and many having unnecessary ultrasound (US). Our objective was to assess the magnitude of these problems in our area and to determine if unnecessary US decreased following interventions to educate referring providers (RPs).

Materials And Methods: A chart review was done on new patients referred for UDT from January 2010 to June 2012.

Is parental anxiety and coping associated with girls' distress during a VCUG? Preliminary findings.

Purpose: We investigated the relationship between parental anxiety/coping strategies and girls' distress during VCUGs.

Methods: Parents of 32 girls (age 4-10, mean 5.8 years) completed a trait anxiety measure and a measure of parental reactions to children's distress.

The association of constipation with childhood urinary tract infections.

Objective: Previous studies have suggested a correlation between constipation and urinary tract infections (UTIs) in children. However, historical information about constipation may be unreliable and the relationship between a history of constipation and radiographic findings of fecal load is unclear.

Patients And Methods: A total of 133 children undergoing an abdominal X-ray were evaluated.

The effects of anticholinergic drugs on attention span and short-term memory skills in children.

Aims: Studies have shown cognitive problems in adults treated with anticholinergics. It is unclear if children are also susceptible to anticholinergic adverse effects. This study evaluates the effects of long-acting oxybutynin and tolterodine on short-term memory and attention in children with urgency and urge incontinence.

Apoptosis and proliferation in human undescended testes.

Objective: To study apoptosis and proliferation in the testes of children with undescended testes; the degree to which undescended testes contributes to a patient's ultimate fertility is debatable, but undescended testes have fewer germ cells, and some have proposed that apoptosis is an important cause.

Patients And Methods: Testis biopsies were taken at the time of orchidopexy in a consecutive series of children undergoing surgical repair for undescended testes. Immunohistological techniques were used to detect apoptosis and proliferation, and the numbers of cells undergoing apoptosis or proliferation per 50 seminiferous tubules were recorded.