Understanding Uncertainty in Market-Mediated Responses to US Oilseed Biodiesel Demand: Sensitivity of ILUC Emission Estimates to GLOBIOM Parametric Uncertainty.

The life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of biofuels depend on uncertain estimates of induced land use change (ILUC) and subsequent emissions from carbon stock changes. Demand for oilseed-based biofuels is associated with particularly complex market and supply chain dynamics, which must be considered. Using the global partial equilibrium model GLOBIOM, this study explores the uncertainty in market-mediated impacts and ILUC-related emissions from increasing demand for soybean biodiesel in the United States in the period 2020-2050.

On the structure of species-function participation in multilayer ecological networks.

Understanding how biotic interactions shape ecosystems and impact their functioning, resilience and biodiversity has been a sustained research priority in ecology. Yet, traditional assessments of ecological complexity typically focus on species-species interactions that mediate a particular function (e.g.

Let's play and learn: Educational escape room to improve mental health knowledge in undergraduate nursing students.

Introduction: Innovative teaching methods have become increasingly important in higher education. Through these methods, gamification in general and educational escape rooms in particular are becoming more important.

Aim: The dual aim of this study was first, to describe an on-site educational escape room, assessing students' motivation and satisfaction, and second, to compare the declarative knowledge obtained and anxiety levels by applying two teaching-learning strategies.

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 forest biomass estimates from Earth Observation.

Aboveground biomass density (AGBD) estimates from Earth Observation (EO) can be presented with the consistency standards mandated by United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). This article delivers AGBD estimates, in the format of Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Tier 1 values for natural forests, sourced from National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Global Ecosystem Dynamics Investigation (GEDI) and Ice, Cloud and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat-2), and European Space Agency's (ESA's) Climate Change Initiative (CCI). It also provides the underlying classification used by the IPCC as geospatial layers, delineating global forests by ecozones, continents and status (primary, young (≤20 years) and old secondary (>20 years)).

A binding site for the antibiotic GE81112 in the ribosomal mRNA channel.

The initiation phase is the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis (translation) and is finely regulated, making it an important drug target. In bacteria, initiation is guided by three initiation factors and involves positioning the start site on the messenger RNA within the P-site on the small ribosomal subunit (30S), where it is decoded by the initiator tRNA. This process can be efficiently inhibited by GE81112, a natural hydrophilic, noncyclic, nonribosomal tetrapeptide.

Relevance and quality of the Gipuzkoan extracurricular youth sports program: an evaluation from a positive youth development perspective.

Physical activity and sport (PAS) programmes are an important part of organized extracurricular activities for children and young people. They appear as potentially inclusive environments where students could be provided with holistic development based on active and healthy lifestyles. The aim of this study was to evaluate and describe the Gipuzkoa School Sport Programme (GSSP) from the positive youth development (PYD).

Promoting exchange coupling in (Cp)GdX complexes.

Introducing magnetic coupling between lanthanide ions has been shown to yield better-performing single-molecule magnets (SMMs), as exemplified by the CpLnI family of compounds (Cp: pentaisopropylcyclopentadienyl, Ln: Gd, Tb, or Dy). This unique coupling is mediated through an unpaired electron hosted in a σ-like orbital, that results from the two 5d Ln ions, and understanding these interactions holds the key to continue advancing the rational design of SMMs. Here, we focus on the CpGdI spin-only system and apply a recently proposed DFT-based decomposition scheme to assess the chemical and structural factors that affect the magnetic coupling.

The effect of traumatic brain injury on learning and memory: A synaptic focus.

Deficits in learning and memory are some of the most commonly reported symptoms following a traumatic brain injury (TBI). We will examine whether the neural basis of these deficits stems from alterations to bidirectional synaptic plasticity within the hippocampus. Although the CA1 subregion of the hippocampus has been a focus of TBI research, the dentate gyrus should also be given attention as it exhibits a unique ability for adult neurogenesis, a process highly susceptible to TBI-induced damage.

Cumulative human impacts on global marine fauna highlight risk to biological and functional diversity.

Anthropogenic stressors to marine ecosystems from climate change and human activities increase extinction risk of species, disrupt ecosystem integrity, and threaten important ecosystem services. Addressing these stressors requires understanding where and to what extent they are impacting marine biological and functional diversity. We model cumulative risk of human impact upon 21,159 marine animal species by combining information on species-level vulnerability and spatial exposure to a range of anthropogenic stressors.

Dynamic inconsistency in great apes.

When presented with the option of either an immediate benefit or a larger, later reward, we may behave impatiently by choosing instant gratification. Nonetheless, when we can make the same decision ahead of time and plan for the future, we tend to make more patient choices. Here, we explored whether great apes share this core feature of human decision-making, often referred to as dynamic inconsistency.

Open-source, high-throughput targeted in situ transcriptomics for developmental and tissue biology.

Multiplexed spatial profiling of mRNAs has recently gained traction as a tool to explore the cellular diversity and the architecture of tissues. We propose a sensitive, open-source, simple and flexible method for the generation of in situ expression maps of hundreds of genes. We use direct ligation of padlock probes on mRNAs, coupled with rolling circle amplification and hybridization-based in situ combinatorial barcoding, to achieve high detection efficiency, high-throughput and large multiplexing.

Urban environment exposures, energy balance-related behaviors and their combination in preschoolers from three European countries.

Background: Urban environments are characterized by many factors that may influence children's energy balance-related behaviors (EBRBs), but there is limited research on the impact of prospective exposure to multiple urban factors in preschoolers. We evaluated prospective associations between various urban exposures and EBRBs in preschoolers across Europe, with EBRBs considered both individually and combined into lifestyle patterns.

Methods: We used data from 4,073 preschoolers (aged 3-4 years) participating in three European cohorts from the EU Child Cohort Network: BiB (United Kingdom), EDEN (France), and INMA (Spain).

Green spaces and respiratory, cardiometabolic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes: An individual-participant data meta-analysis of >35.000 European children.

Studies evaluating the benefits and risks of green spaces on children's health are scarce. The present study aimed to examine the associations between exposure to green spaces during pregnancy and early childhood with respiratory, cardiometabolic, and neurodevelopmental outcomes in school-age children. We performed an Individual-Participant Data (IPD) meta-analysis involving 35,000 children from ten European birth cohorts across eight countries.

Visiting natural open spaces in urban areas during pregnancy and its association with daily physical activity.

We examined the association between visiting natural open spaces (NOS) and physical activity (PA) at different trimesters of pregnancy. We used GPS and accelerometer data from women residing in Donostia-San Sebastian and Barcelona. Daily visits to NOS were associated with an increase of circa 8 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in the first and second trimesters of pregnancy.

BirthSeq, a new method to isolate and analyze dated cells in different vertebrates.

Embryonic development is a complex and dynamic process that unfolds over time and involves the production and diversification of increasing numbers of cells. The impact of developmental time on the formation of the central nervous system is well documented, with evidence showing that time plays a crucial role in establishing the identity of neuronal subtypes. However, the study of how time translates into genetic instructions driving cell fate is limited by the scarcity of suitable experimental tools.

Hair cortisol determinants in 11-year-old children: Environmental, social and individual factors.

Introduction: Children's exposure to chronic stress is associated with several health problems. Measuring hair cortisol concentration is particularly useful for studying chronic stress but much is unknown about hair cortisol determinants in children and adolescents, and previous research has often not considered the simultaneous exposure of multiple variables. This research is focused on investigating the relationship between environmental, social and individual factors with hair cortisol concentration in children.

Meta-analysis reveals that the effects of precipitation change on soil and litter fauna in forests depend on body size.

Anthropogenic climate change is altering precipitation regimes at a global scale. While precipitation changes have been linked to changes in the abundance and diversity of soil and litter invertebrate fauna in forests, general trends have remained elusive due to mixed results from primary studies. We used a meta-analysis based on 430 comparisons from 38 primary studies to address associated knowledge gaps, (i) quantifying impacts of precipitation change on forest soil and litter fauna abundance and diversity, (ii) exploring reasons for variation in impacts and (iii) examining biases affecting the realism and accuracy of experimental studies.

Harnessing the intragenomic variability of rRNA operons to improve differentiation of Vibrio species.

Although the 16S rRNA gene is frequently used as a phylogenetic marker in analysis of environmental DNA, this marker often fails to distinguish closely related species, including those in the genus Vibrio. Here, we investigate whether inclusion and analysis of 23S rRNA sequence can help overcome the intrinsic weaknesses of 16S rRNA analyses for the differentiation of Vibrio species. We construct a maximum likelihood 16S rRNA gene tree to assess the use of this gene to identify clades of Vibrio species.

Incorporating diverse values of nature in decision-making-theory and practice.

Values play a significant role in decision-making, especially regarding nature. Decisions impact people and nature in complex ways and understanding which values are prioritised, and which are left out is an important task for improving the equity and effectiveness of decision-making. Based on work done for the IPBES Values Assessment, this paper develops a framework to support analyses of how decision-making influences nature as well as whose values get prioritised.

Modulated spin dynamics of [Co] coordination helicates differential strand composition.

Coordination supramolecular chemistry provides a versatile entry into materials with functionalities of technological relevance at the nanoscale. Here, we describe how two different bis-pyrazolylpyridine ligands (L1 and L2) assemble with Co(II) ions into dinuclear triple-stranded helicates, in turn, encapsulating different anionic guests. These constructs are described as (Cl@[Co(L1)]), (SiF@[Co(L1)(L2)]) and (ClO@[Co(L2)]), as established by single-crystal X-ray diffraction.

Comparative MRI analysis of the forebrain of three sauropsida models.

The study of the brain by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) allows to obtain detailed anatomical images, useful to describe specific encephalic structures and to analyze possible variabilities. It is widely used in clinical practice and is becoming increasingly used in veterinary medicine, even in exotic animals; however, despite its potential, its use in comparative neuroanatomy studies is still incipient. It is a technology that in recent years has significantly improved anatomical resolution, together with the fact that it is non-invasive and allows for systematic comparative analysis.

An approximation of flights, delays and costs for different forecast scenarios: A backcasting exercise.

Air Navigation Service Providers (ANSPs) play a critical role as a natural monopoly within the air traffic system and are subject to regulation. Achieving preset performance targets necessitates efficient resource planning, contingent upon accurate traffic forecasts. This means that forecast precision is a key determinant of operational efficiency.

The Phylotypic Brain of Vertebrates, from Neural Tube Closure to Brain Diversification.

Background: The phylotypic or intermediate stages are thought to be the most evolutionary conserved stages throughout embryonic development. The contrast with divergent early and later stages derived from the concept of the evo-devo hourglass model. Nonetheless, this developmental constraint has been studied as a whole embryo process, not at organ level.