Dietary Changes of Youth during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has taken the lives of millions and disrupted countless more worldwide. Simply living through the pandemic has had drastic effects on the health of citizens. Diet, an important aspect of health, has been uniquely affected by the pandemic, although these changes have not been sufficiently studied among youth.

The contribution of semantic distance knowledge to size constancy in perception and grasping when visual cues are limited.

To achieve a stable perception of object size in spite of variations in viewing distance, our visual system needs to combine retinal image information and distance cues. Previous research has shown that, not only retinal cues, but also extraretinal sensory signals can provide reliable information about depth and that different neural networks (perception versus action) can exhibit preferences in the use of these different sources of information during size-distance computations. Semantic knowledge of distance, a purely cognitive signal, can also provide distance information.

Pnictogen-Rich Heterocycles Derived from a Phosphadiazonium Cation.

Heterocycles that pair main group elements and nitrogen are extremely important within the π-conjugated heterocycles research community. Compared to the vast number of boron-nitrogen heterocycles, those that include phosphorus are less common. Furthermore, the use of phosphorus-nitrogen triple bonds of any type to prepare such compounds is unprecedented.

Effect of the polysaccharide capsule and its heptose on the resistance of Campylobacter jejuni to innate immune defenses.

Campylobacter jejuni is a commensal in many animals but causes diarrhea in humans. Its polysaccharide capsule contributes to host colonization and virulence in a strain- and model-specific manner. We investigated if the capsule and its heptose are important for interactions of strain NCTC 11168 with various hosts and their innate immune defenses.

A Network Analysis Approach to Understanding Centrality and Overlap of 21 Dark Triad Items in Adults of 10 Countries.

Background: Previous research has suggested that manipulation and callousness are central to Dark Triad traits, but it has not identified which specific manifestations are expressed across various countries.

Objective: This study aimed to identify the core and overlapping manifestations of Dark Triad traits across 10 countries.

Methods: We used the Short Dark Triad (SD3) scale and assessed a sample of 8093 participants (59.

Cannabidiol Exposure During Rat Pregnancy Leads to Labyrinth-Specific Vascular Defects in the Placenta and Reduced Fetal Growth.

Cannabis use is increasing among pregnant people, and cannabidiol (CBD), a constituent of cannabis, is often perceived as "natural" and "safe" as it is non-intoxicating. , cannabis exposure is associated with negative health outcomes, including fetal growth restriction (FGR). The placenta supplies oxygen and nutrients to the fetus, and alterations in placental development can lead to FGR.

Health trends in Canada 1990-2019: An analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Objective: Monitoring trends in key population health indicators is important for informing health policies. The aim of this study was to examine population health trends in Canada over the past 30 years in relation to other countries.

Methods: We used data on disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), years of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability, life expectancy (LE), and child mortality for Canada and other countries between 1990 and 2019 provided by the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Bi(III) Binding Stoichiometry and Domain-Specificity Differences Between Apo and Zn(II)-bound Human Metallothionein 1a.

Bismuth is a xenobiotic metal with a high affinity to sulfur that is used in a variety of therapeutic applications. Bi(III) induces the cysteine-rich metallothionein (MT), a protein known to form two-domain cluster structures with certain metals such as Zn(II), Cd(II), or Cu(I). The binding of Bi(III) to MTs has been previously studied, but there are conflicting reports on the stoichiometry and binding pathway, which appear to be highly dependent on pH and initial metal-loading status of the MT.

Self-Assembly of Rod-Coil Bottlebrush Copolymers into Degradable Nanodiscs with a UV-Triggered Self-Immolation Process.

Polymer nanodiscs, especially with stimuli-responsive features, represent an unexplored frontier in the nanomaterial landscape. Such 2D nanomaterials are considered highly promising for advanced biomedicine applications. Herein, we designed a rod-coil copolymer architecture based on an amphiphilic, tadpole-like bottlebrush copolymer, which can directly self-assemble into core-shell nanodiscs in an aqueous environment.

The Contribution of Soft Tissue and Bony Stabilizers to the Hip Suction Seal: A Systematic Review of Biomechanical Studies.

Background: Previous biomechanical studies have identified capsular closure, labral repair or reconstruction, and osteochondroplasty as important surgical interventions to improve hip stability.

Purpose: To investigate the outcome metrics used to quantify hip stability and assess and measure the relative contributions of the labrum, capsule, and bone to hip stability through a quantitative analysis.

Study Design: Systematic review and meta-analysis; Level of evidence, 4.

Organic Input to Titan's Subsurface Ocean Through Impact Cratering.

Titan has an organic-rich atmosphere and surface with a subsurface liquid water ocean that may represent a habitable environment. In this work, we determined the amount of organic material that can be delivered from Titan's surface to its ocean through impact cratering. We assumed that Titan's craters produce impact melt deposits composed of liquid water that can founder in its lower-density ice crust and estimated the amount of organic molecules that could be incorporated into these melt lenses.

A Molecular Dynamics Simulation Study of the Effects of βGln114 Mutation on the Dynamic Behavior of the Catalytic Site of the Tryptophan Synthase.

L-tryptophan (l-Trp), a vital amino acid for the survival of various organisms, is synthesized by the enzyme tryptophan synthase (TS) in organisms such as eubacteria, archaebacteria, protista, fungi, and plantae. TS, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP)-dependent enzyme, comprises α and β subunits that typically form an αβ tetramer. The enzyme's activity is regulated by the conformational switching of its α and β subunits between the open (T state) and closed (R state) conformations.

Synergetic effects and inhibition mechanisms of the polysaccharide-selenium nanoparticle complex in human hepatocarcinoma cell proliferation.

Background: Active components from natural fungal products have shown promising potential as anti-tumor therapeutic agents. In the search for anti-tumor agents, research to overcome the drawbacks of high molecular weight and low bioavailability of pure polysaccharides, polysaccharide-conjugated selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) has attracted much attention.

Results: A novel polysaccharide-selenium nanoparticle complex was produced, in which SeNPs were decorated with polysaccharide obtained from fermented mycelia broth of Lactarius deliciosus (FLDP).

Revisiting the effect of visual illusions on grasping in left and right handers.

Visual illusions have provided compelling evidence for a dissociation between perception and action. For example, when two different-sized objects are placed on opposite ends of the Ponzo illusion, people erroneously perceive the physically smaller object to be bigger than the physically larger one, but when they pick up the objects, their grip aperture reflects the real difference in size between the objects. This and similar findings have been demonstrated almost entirely for the right hand in right handers.

Colloidal Self-Assembly of Silver Nanoparticle Clusters for Optical Metasurfaces.

Optical metasurfaces are two-dimensional assemblies of nanoscale optical resonators and could constitute the next generation of ultrathin optical components. The development of methods to manufacture these nanostructures on a large scale is still a challenge, while most performance demonstrations were obtained with lithographically fabricated metasurfaces that are restricted to small scales. Self-assembly fabrication routes are promising alternatives and have been used to produce original nanoresonators.

Impact of Physical Activity Interventions on High-Risk Pregnancies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Pregnant women with absolute contraindications may be advised against physical activity throughout pregnancy. In this context, bed rest elevates the short-term risk of neonatal complications, thereby exacerbating negative long-term effects on childhood development. The aim of the current study was to investigate the impact of various physical activity interventions during bed rest or activity restriction in pregnancy on factors such as birth weight, preterm birth, maternal hypertension, gestational age at delivery, and the incidence of cesarean sections.

Comparison between a deep-learning and a pixel-based approach for the automated quantification of HIV target cells in foreskin tissue.

The availability of target cells expressing the HIV receptors CD4 and CCR5 in genital tissue is a critical determinant of HIV susceptibility during sexual transmission. Quantification of immune cells in genital tissue is therefore an important outcome for studies on HIV susceptibility and prevention. Immunofluorescence microscopy allows for precise visualization of immune cells in mucosal tissues; however, this technique is limited in clinical studies by the lack of an accurate, unbiased, high-throughput image analysis method.

"You don't put it down to arthritis": A qualitative study of the first symptoms recalled by individuals with knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: As part of the first phase of the OARSI Early-stage Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis (EsSKOA) initiative, we explored the first symptoms and experiences recalled by individuals with knee osteoarthritis (OA).

Design: This qualitative study, informed by qualitative description, was a secondary analysis of focus groups (n ​= ​17 groups) and one-on-one interviews (n ​= ​3) conducted in 91 individuals living with knee OA as part of an international study to better understand the OA pain experience. In each focus group or interview, participants were asked to describe their first symptoms of knee OA.

Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Interventions of Postpartum Depression in Refugees and Asylum-Seeking Women: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Refugee women are at an increased risk of developing postpartum depression (PPD) due to a combination of various psychosocial stressors. This systematic review aimed to outline the prevalence of PPD among refugee women and explore related risk factors and interventions currently in practice.

Methods: A search was conducted using MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, and Core Collection (Web of Science) for articles published until August 2022, yielding 1,678 records.

"If you don't stop the cycle somewhere, it just keeps going": Resilience in the context of structural violence and gender-based violence in rural Ontario.

Bolstering women's resilience in the context of gender-based violence (GBV) requires attention to structural conditions needed to support women to thrive, particularly in rural communities. This cross-sectional study explored how resilience was influenced by structural violence in rural Ontario among women experiencing GBV (n = 14) and service providers in the GBV sector (n = 12). Interviews were conducted and revealed forms of structural violence that undermine resilience for women experiencing GBV in rural communities, including 1) housing- gentrification, short-term rentals of residential properties, and long waitlists, 2) income- fighting for enough money to survive, 3) safety- abusers gaming the system, and 4) access- successes and new barriers.

Titanium Alloy Implants with Lattice Structures for Mandibular Reconstruction.

In recent years, the field of mandibular reconstruction has made great strides in terms of hardware innovations and their clinical applications. There has been considerable interest in using computer-aided design, finite element modelling, and additive manufacturing techniques to build patient-specific surgical implants. Moreover, lattice implants can mimic mandibular bone's mechanical and structural properties.