Folate prevents the autism-related phenotype caused by developmental pyrethroid exposure in prairie voles.

Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) have dramatically increased in prevalence to an alarming one in six children, and yet both causes and preventions remain elusive. Recent human epidemiology and animal studies have implicated developmental exposure to pyrethroid pesticides, one of the most common classes of pesticides in the US, as an environmental risk factor for autism and neurodevelopmental disorders. Our previous research has shown that low-dose chronic developmental pyrethroid exposure (DPE) changes folate metabolites in the adult mouse brain.

A scoping review of statistical methods to investigate colocalization between genetic associations and microRNA expression in osteoarthritis.

Background: Genetic colocalization analysis is a statistical method that evaluates whether two traits (e.g., osteoarthritis [OA] risk and microRNA [miRNA] expression levels) share the same or distinct genetic association signals in a locus typically identified in genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Prospective motion correction for and susceptibility mapping using spherical navigators.

Purpose: To perform prospective motion correction (PMC) for improved and susceptibility mapping using a purely navigator-based approach.

Methods: Spherical navigators (SNAVs) were combined with an additional FID readout for simultaneous measurement of motion and zeroth-order field shifts. The resulting FIDSNAVs were interleaved for PMC of a multi-echo gradient echo sequence with retrospective correction.

A Method to Distinguish Chromium-Tanned Leathers With Low and High Risks of Surface Hexavalent Chromium.

Introduction: Traces of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI), are a major concern for skin contact with Cr-tanned leather. Current extraction methods (ISO 17075-1:2017) for Cr(VI) testing do not necessarily reflect the true potential of surface-formed Cr(VI), as extracted concentrations are dependent on previous storage and atmospheric conditions.

Objectives: To test whether a spiking method protocol can distinguish leathers with high and low risks of releasing Cr(VI).

Small molecule-based regulation of gene expression in human astrocytes switching on and off the G-quadruplex control systems.

A great deal of attention is being paid to strategies seeking to uncover the biology of the four-stranded nucleic acid structure G-quadruplex (G4) via their stabilization in cells with G4-specific ligands. The conventional definition of chemical biology implies that a complete assessment of G4 biology can only be achieved by implementing a complementary approach involving the destabilization of cellular G4s by ad hoc molecular effectors. We report here on an unprecedented comparison of the cellular consequences of G4 chemical stabilization by pyridostatin (PDS) and destabilization by phenylpyrrolocytosine (PhpC) at both transcriptome- and proteome-wide scales in patient-derived primary human astrocytes.

LKB1 and STRADα Promote Epithelial Ovarian Cancer Spheroid Cell Invasion.

Late-stage epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) involves the widespread dissemination of malignant disease throughout the peritoneal cavity, often accompanied by ascites. EOC metastasis relies on the formation of multicellular aggregates, called spheroids. Given that Liver Kinase B1 (LKB1) is required for EOC spheroid viability and LKB1 loss in EOC cells decreases tumor burden in mice, we investigated whether the LKB1 complex controls the invasive properties of human EOC spheroids.

ROS Scavenging and Osteogenic Differentiation Potential of L-Methionine-Substituted Poly(Organophosphazene) Electrospun Fibers.

This study investigated the application of poly[bis (ethylmethionato) phosphazene] (PαAPz-M) electrospun fibers in tissue engineering, focusing on their reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging capabilities and material-directed cell behavior, including the influence of their degradation products on cell viability and differentiation, and the scaffold topography's influence on cell alignment. The ROS scavenging ability of PαAPz-M was assessed by DPPH assay, and then PαAPz-M's protection against exogenous ROS was studied. The results showed enhanced cell viability on PαAPz-M fiber mats under oxidative stress conditions.

Control energy detects discrepancies in good vs. poor readers' structural-functional coupling during a rhyming task.

Neuroimaging studies have identified functional and structural brain circuits that support reading. However, much less is known about how reading-related functional dynamics are constrained by white matter structure. Network control theory proposes that cortical brain dynamics are linearly determined by the white matter connectome, using control energy to evaluate the difficulty of the transition from one cognitive state to another.

Evaluation of a finite state machine algorithm to measure stepping with ankle accelerometry: Performance across a range of gait speeds, tasks, and individual walking ability.

Wearable sensors, including accelerometers, are a widely accepted tool to assess gait in clinical and free-living environments. Methods to identify phases and subphases of the gait cycle are necessary for comprehensive assessment of pathological gait. The current study evaluated the accuracy of a finite state machine (FSM) algorithm to detect strides by identifying gait cycle subphases from ankle-worn accelerometry.

Encouraging movement opportunities through theory-informed video education among undergraduate students: the MOVE study.

To explore the impact of a theory-informed educational video on undergraduates': motivational readiness, self-efficacy, and decisional balance about changing sedentary time; sedentary time; and perceptions of sedentarism over time and compared to a control. Undergraduates ( = 160) from a Canadian institution. A single-blind randomized controlled trial using an intervention (sedentary video) and control (sleep video) group.

Transfer RNA supplementation rescues HARS deficiency in a humanized yeast model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are indispensable enzymes in all cells, ensuring the correct pairing of amino acids to their cognate tRNAs to maintain translation fidelity. Autosomal dominant mutations V133F and Y330C in histidyl-tRNA synthetase (HARS) cause the genetic disorder Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2W (CMT2W). Treatments are currently restricted to symptom relief, with no therapeutic available that targets the cause of disease.

Usability of the digit-tracking technique in a geriatric population of inpatients with and without neurocognitive disorders: The DIGICOG-start study.

Tools for the early diagnosis of neurocognitive disorders (NCD) both accessible, fast, fun and efficient are currently needed. A digit-tracking technique (Digitrack) has been developed based on the exploration of blurred images on a tablet with the finger, related to the exploration of images during eye-tracking. The present study aimed at assessing the objective usability and the subjective User eXperience (UX) of the Digitrack by older adults according to the presence and the severity of NCD.

Multi-centre modified Delphi exercise to identify candidate items for classifying early-stage symptomatic knee osteoarthritis.

Objective: To generate a list of candidate items potentially useful for discriminating individuals with Early-stage Symptomatic Knee Osteoarthritis (EsSKOA) from those with other conditions and from established osteoarthritis (OA), and to reduce this list based on expert consensus.

Design: We conducted a three-round online international modified Delphi exercise with OA clinicians and researchers ("OA experts"). In Round 1, participants reviewed 84 candidate items and nominated additional item(s) potentially useful for EsSKOA classification; those nominated by ≥3 participants were added.

Thoughts From the Front Lines: Canadian Perspectives in Adopting and Implementing Recommended Clinical Labels in Preschool Speech-Language Pathology.

Purpose: Previous literature has proposed barriers to speech-language pathologists (SLPs) using standard clinical labels; however, the perspectives of SLPs have been studied to a lesser extent. This quality improvement project reports on SLPs' perceived barriers and facilitators to using currently recommended clinical labels for preschool communication disorders and identifies next steps to support implementation in one preschool communicative health system.

Method: This project aimed to establish the consistent use of clinical labels in one large Canadian preschool speech and language program.

Rubisco activity and activation state dictate photorespiratory plasticity in Betula papyrifera acclimated to future climate conditions.

Plant metabolism faces a challenge of investing enough enzymatic capacity to a pathway without overinvestment. As it takes energy and resources to build, operate, and maintain enzymes, there are benefits and drawbacks to accurately matching capacity to the pathway influx. The relationship between functional capacity and physiological load could be explained through symmorphosis, which would quantitatively match enzymatic capacity to pathway influx.

A core capability framework for physiotherapists to deliver quality care when working with people living with dementia and their families/caregivers: an international modified e-Delphi study.

Objective: What are the core capabilities physiotherapists need to deliver quality care when working with people with dementia and their families/caregivers?

Design: A three-round modified e-Delphi study.

Participants: Panel members were physiotherapists experienced in working with people with dementia and/or educating and/or researching in the dementia field.

Methods: A steering group (16 international physiotherapists and a consumer) developed a draft framework including 129 core capabilities across 5 domains for panel members to rate their appropriateness for inclusion as a core capability to provide high quality care to people with dementia and their caregivers/families.

Jamming crossovers in a confined driven polymer in solution.

We use lattice-Boltzmann molecular dynamics (LBMD) simulations to study the compression of a confined polymer immersed in a fluid and pushed by a large spherical colloid with a diameter comparable to the channel width. We examined the chain's deformation with both purely repulsive and weakly attractive Lennard-Jones (LJ) potentials applied between the monomers. The sphere's velocity was varied over 3 orders of magnitude.

Vitamin D as a Modifiable Risk Factor for Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Observational Studies Comparing Baseline Vitamin D in Children with JIA to Individuals Without.

Context: The varying interactions contributing to the development of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) drive the struggle to understand its etiology. Among the environmental risk factors, vitamin D has been posited to have a component in disease progression, acting as an inflammatory mediator.

Objective: To investigate the correlation between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels, indicative of vitamin D, among patients diagnosed with JIA compared with control participants.

Dispersion of Hydrophilic Nanoparticles in Natural Rubber with Phospholipids.

Coarse-grained molecular dynamics (CGMD) simulations were employed to investigate the effects of phospholipids on the aggregation of hydrophilic, modified carbon-nanoparticle fillers in -polyisoprene (-PI) composites. The MARTINI force field was applied to model dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) lipids and hydrophilic modified fullerenes (HMFs). The simulations of DPPC in -PI composites show that the DPPC lipids self-assemble to form a reverse micelle in a rubber matrix.

Inducing postactivation potentiation alters human motor unit behavior of the elbow extensors during unconstrained velocity contractions.

The purpose of this study was to test whether inducing postactivation potentiation (PAP) altered motor unit (MU) activity during dynamic isotonic contractions. From 12 participants (3 females), 39 MUs were recorded from the anconeus ( = 31) and lateral triceps brachii ( = 8) with fine-wire electrodes during elbow extensions at 50% and 75% of peak power with, and without PAP. To induce PAP, participants produced a 2-s ramp conditioning contraction (CC) up to maximal isometric elbow extension with a 3-s hold.