A comparative study of the effect of capsular repair in the Latarjet procedure.

Background: Long term studies have shown the Latarjet procedure to be successful in preventing re-dislocation in primary and recurrent anterior inferior shoulder instability. It provides stability through the sling effect of the conjoint tendon and the bone block. It is unclear whether augmentation with capsular repair provides an added benefit or leads to restricted range of external rotation.

Genome-wide association analysis of composite sleep health scores in 413,904 individuals.

Recent genome-wide association studies (GWASs) of several individual sleep traits have identified hundreds of genetic loci, suggesting diverse mechanisms. Moreover, sleep traits are moderately correlated, so together may provide a more complete picture of sleep health, while illuminating distinct domains. Here we construct novel sleep health scores (SHSs) incorporating five core self-report measures: sleep duration, insomnia symptoms, chronotype, snoring, and daytime sleepiness, using additive (SHS-ADD) and five principal components-based (SHS-PCs) approaches.

Thermal buffering-controlled temperature variation between Mg-Al-rich rocks and migmatites.

It is well recognised that endothermic processes such as dehydration and partial melting have the potential to exert measurable effects on the maximum temperatures reached in metamorphic rock systems. We show migmatitic metapelitic and mafic granulites record temperatures of ~ 820 °C, while spatially associated refractory Mg-Al-rich granulites record temperatures between 865 °C and > 920 °C. These thermally contrasting samples are separated by ~ 1500 m, with no apparent intervening faults or shear zones to explain the apparent difference in peak metamorphic conditions.

Application of machine learning and genomics for orphan crop improvement.

Orphan crops are important sources of nutrition in developing regions and many are tolerant to biotic and abiotic stressors; however, modern crop improvement technologies have not been widely applied to orphan crops due to the lack of resources available. There are orphan crop representatives across major crop types and the conservation of genes between these related species can be used in crop improvement. Machine learning (ML) has emerged as a promising tool for crop improvement.

Aerobiology matters: Why people in the community access pollen information and how they use it.

Background: Globally, many pollen monitoring networks provide the community with daily pollen information, but there are limited data on health consumer uses and benefits. This research investigated why individuals in the community access pollen information, how they use it, and the perceived benefits.

Methods: In- and post-pollen season surveys (2017-2018 and 2018-2019) enquired about symptoms, diagnoses, symptom management, access, benefits and usefulness of pollen information provided by the AusPollen Partnership.

Public holidays, school holidays, and long weekends: Effects on drowning rates in New South Wales.

Objective: To quantify drowning rates and fatal to non-fatal drowning ratios on public holidays, school holidays, weekdays and long weekends in New South Wales from January 2010 to June 2022.

Methods: Using a linked administrative dataset comprising ambulance (paper-based and electronic records), emergency department presentations and death registry, rates of drowning and ratios of fatal to non-fatal drowning were calculated.

Results: Across 4,161 total drowning incidents, public holidays (14.

Buqi-Tongluo Decoction inhibits osteoclastogenesis and alleviates bone loss in ovariectomized rats by attenuating NFATc1, MAPK, NF-κB signaling.

Osteoporosis is a prevalent skeletal condition characterized by reduced bone mass and strength, leading to increased fragility. Buqi-Tongluo (BQTL) decoction, a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) prescription, has yet to be fully evaluated for its potential in treating bone diseases such as osteoporosis. To investigate the mechanism by which BQTL decoction inhibits osteoclast differentiation in vitro and validate these findings through in vivo experiments.

Double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effectiveness of late gestation oral melatonin supplementation in reducing induction of labour rates in nulliparous women: the MyTIME study protocol.

Introduction: Around the world, rates of induction of labour (IOL) among nulliparous mothers have increased in the last 10 years. In Australia, rates have increased over the last decade by 43%, from 32% to 46%. There is growing concern about the rapid rise in IOL before 41 weeks for nulliparous women without medical complications because of the associated increased rates of caesarean section, reduced satisfaction with birth, and birth trauma.

Investigating chemical risk in green and loggerhead turtles foraging in Moreton Bay using species-specific cell-based bioassays.

Differences in trophic level may result in differences in chemical exposure between species of sea turtles, as pollutants may bioaccumulate differentially in diet items. It is, therefore, crucial to understand species-specific differences in exposure and effect to accurately assess chemical risk to individual species. This study used blood collected from green and loggerhead turtles foraging in Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia, to assess differences in chemical exposure and effect of two species foraging in the same area at different trophic levels.

Intra- and interobserver agreement of proposed objective transvaginal ultrasound image-quality scoring system for use in artificial intelligence algorithm development.

Objectives: The development of valuable artificial intelligence (AI) tools to assist with ultrasound diagnosis depends on algorithms developed using high-quality data. This study aimed to test the intra- and interobserver agreement of a proposed image-quality scoring system to quantify the quality of gynecological transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) images, which could be used in clinical practice and AI tool development.

Methods: A proposed scoring system to quantify TVS image quality was created following a review of the literature.

Identifying Research Priorities for Cognition in CKD: A Delphi Study.

Background: Cognition is a research priority for people living with chronic kidney disease (CKD), but identification of critical research questions is lacking. This study aimed to determine which cognition-related research questions are most important to CKD stakeholders.

Methods: A modified Delphi technique with 3 survey rounds was used.

Undergraduates' lifestyle and Suboptimal Health Status (SHS): A cross-sectional study in the Ha'il region of Saudi Arabia.

Background: University students in Saudi Arabia are embracing some of the negative traits of the fast-paced modern lifestyle, typified by unhealthy eating, low physical activity, and poor sleep habits that may increase their risk for poor health. Health and holistic well-being at the population level are among the priorities of the 2030 vision of a vibrant society in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The current study thus aims at determining the prevalence and predictive factors of Suboptimal Health Status (SHS) among university students.

Asynchronous shifts in the demographics of two wave-swept kelp species (Laminariales) after nearly four decades.

Kelp forests are among the most abundant and productive marine ecosystems but are under threat from climate change and other anthropogenic stressors. Although knowledge is growing about how the abundance and distribution of kelp forests are changing, much less is known about the "non-lethal" effects that global change is having on the performance and health of kelp populations in areas where they persist. Here we assessed the age distribution of two common stipitate kelp species, Laminaria setchelli and Pterygophora californica, at Wizard Islet in Barkley Sound, British Columbia, Canada, and compared these data to historical demographic data collected by De Wreede (1984) and Klinger and DeWreede (1988) from the same site between 1981 and 1983.

Measuring self-similarity in empirical signals to understand musical beat perception.

Experiencing music often entails the perception of a periodic beat. Despite being a widespread phenomenon across cultures, the nature and neural underpinnings of beat perception remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been a growing interest in developing methods to probe these processes, particularly to measure the extent to which beat-related information is contained in behavioral and neural responses.

Evaluation of the analytical and clinical accuracy of four blood glucose meters in pregnant women with hyperglycaemia.

Aims: Physiological changes during pregnancy can infuence the performance of blood glucose meters. This study aimed to evaluate the analytical and clinical accuracy of glucose meters in pregnant women with hyperglycaemia.

Materials And Methods: Glucose was measured by four commonly used meters among consecutive women with diabetes in pregnancy.

Congenital Titinopathy: Comprehensive Characterization of the Most Severe End of the Disease Spectrum.

Unlabelled: Congenital titinopathy has recently emerged as one of the most common congenital muscle disorders.

Objective: To better understand the presentation and clinical needs of the under-characterized extreme end of the congenital titinopathy severity spectrum.

Methods: We comprehensively analyzed the clinical, imaging, pathology, autopsy, and genetic findings in 15 severely affected individuals from 11 families.

International Validation of a Novel PEACE Scale to Improve the Quality of Upper Gastrointestinal Mucosal Inspection During Endoscopy.

Introduction: The performance of a high quality esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is dependent on the mucosal cleanliness. Recently, the Polprep: Effective Assessment of Cleanliness in EGD (PEACE) scale was created to assess the degree of mucosal cleanliness during EGD. The aim of this study was to validate this scoring system in a cohort of international endoscopists.

Origins and Distribution of Panicum Mosaic Virus and Sugarcane Mosaic Virus on in Australia.

is a premium turf grass in warm temperate and subtropical regions of the world and is the most important turf species in Australia based on the value of its production. A new disease called buffalo grass yellows (BGY) has become a problem on turf farms in Australia. We surveyed turf farms in New South Wales (NSW), Queensland (Qld) and Western Australia to determine whether panicum mosaic virus (PMV) and sugarcane mosaic virus (SCMV) were associated with BGY.

Nivolumab and rituximab in treatment naive follicular lymphoma: the phase II '1st FLOR' study.

Follicular lymphoma (FL) outcomes are heavily influenced by host immune activity with immune anti-tumor activity mitigated by PD-1/PD-L1 pathway engagement. Combination CD20-directed therapy plus PD-1 inhibition (PD-1i) increases T-cell tumor killing and NK-cell antibody-dependent cell cytotoxicity (ADCC). Mounting evidence supports immune-priming using PD-1i before cancer-directed agents.

Short-Term Effect of Air Pollution on Daily Hospital Visits for Anxiety Disorders in Southern China with Low Pollution Concentrations.

The global prevalence and burden of anxiety disorders (ADs) are increasing. However, findings on the acute effects of air pollution on ADs remain inconclusive. We evaluated the effects of short-term exposure to ambient air pollutants, including fine particulate matter (PM), inhalable particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), sulfur dioxide (SO), and ozone (O), on daily hospital visits for ADs.

Controlled Capture of Magnetic Nanoparticles from Microfluidic Flows by Ferromagnetic Antidot and Dot Nanostructures.

The capture of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) is essential in the separation and detection of MNPs for applications such as magnetic biosensing. The sensitivity of magnetic biosensors inherently depends upon the distribution of captured MNPs within the sensing area. We previously demonstrated that the distribution of MNPs captured from evaporating droplets by ferromagnetic antidot nanostructures can be controlled via an external magnetic field.

Factors Associated with Adherence to Diabetic Retinopathy Screening Among Patients Attending a Nurse-Led Community Clinic in Australia: A Qualitative Study.

Despite the availability of screening services, the rate of diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening continues to be suboptimal in Australia, necessitating improvement. However, improving DR screening rates requires a more comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing adherence to the screening recommendations. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence adherence to DR screening among people with diabetes attending a community screening clinic in Australia.

: Co-Design of a Novel Approach for Engaging People with Dementia in Physical Activity.

Background: Promoting physical activity among people living with dementia is critical to maximise physical, cognitive and social benefits; yet the lack of knowledge, skills and confidence among health professionals, informal care partners and people with dementia deters participation. As the initial phase of a larger feasibility study, co-design was employed to develop a new model of community care, to facilitate the physical activity participation of older people living with mild dementia.

Methods: Co-design methodology was utilised with nine stakeholders (with experience in referring to or providing physical activity programs and/or contributing to policy and program planning) over three workshops plus individual interviews with four care partners of people with dementia.

Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underpinning Mycovirus-Mediated Hypervirulence in Infecting .

Mycoviral infection can either be asymptomatic or have marked effects on fungal hosts, influencing them either positively or negatively. To fully understand the effects of mycovirus infection on the fungal host, transcriptomic profiling of four isolates, including EABb 92/11-Dm that harbors mycoviruses, was performed 48 h following infection of via topical application or injection. Genes that participate in carbohydrate assimilation and transportation, and those essential for fungal survival and oxidative stress tolerance, calcium uptake, and iron uptake, were found to be overexpressed in the virus-infected isolate during the mid-infection stage.