Mature-Aged People in the Rural Health Workforce System: A Systems Modelling Approach.

Objective: The median age of people in rural areas is older than those living in metropolitan areas. Harnessing the potential of the mature-aged population in rural communities may present a uniquely sustainable approach to strengthening the rural health workforce system. The objective of this study was to map the rural health workforce system in Australia and identify the current and potential role of mature-aged people in the workforce system.

Symbiont Community Changes Confer Fitness Benefits for Larvae in a Vertically Transmitting Coral.

Coral reefs worldwide are threatened by increasing ocean temperatures because of the sensitivity of the coral-algal symbiosis to thermal stress. Reef-building corals form symbiotic relationships with dinoflagellates (family Symbiodiniaceae), including those species which acquire their initial symbiont complement predominately from their parents. Changes in the composition of symbiont communities, through the mechanisms of symbiont shuffling or switching, can modulate the host's thermal limits.

Medicine Meets Science: The Imperative of Scientific Research and Publishing for Physician-Scientists.

Physician-scientists serve as conduits between clinical practice and scientific research, leveraging their unique expertise to improve patient care and drive medical innovation. This article highlights the indispensable role of research and publishing in promoting evidence-based practices, facilitating professional growth, and shaping public health policy. Drawing on historical and contemporary examples, I examine the challenges faced by physician-scientists, such as ethical dilemmas and declining engagement in research, particularly in resource-constrained settings.

A Standardized Classification Scheme for Gastroduodenal Disorder Evaluation Using the Gastric Alimetry System: Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Aims: Gastric Alimetry™ (Alimetry, New Zealand) is a new clinical test for gastroduodenal disorders involving simultaneous body surface gastric electrical mapping and validated symptom profiling. Studies have demonstrated a range of distinct pathophysiological profiles, and a classification scheme is now required. We used Gastric Alimetry spectral and symptom profiles to develop a mechanism-based test classification scheme, then assessed correlations with symptom severity, psychometrics, and quality of life.

Korth toxicity: Experimental findings and future prospects.

(Roxb.) Korth, locally known as kratom, is a traditional medicinal plant from Southeast Asia, with mitragynine as its principal alkaloid. Similar to other medicinal plants, kratom has side effects and toxicities, which have been documented in scientific studies and case reports.

eHealth, digital information and technology use of men with prostate cancer.

Background: The investigation of digital information sources and technologies specifically used by men with prostate cancer is scarce. This study seeks to address current gaps in the literature by investigating prostate cancer-specific internet and technology use by men with prostate cancer and factors associated with this use.

Methods: Cross-sectional surveys were conducted in three Australian urology clinics (local in Sydney, Western Sydney and Murrumbidgee) in 2023.

Overweight, obesity, and cardiovascular disease in heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia: the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry.

Background And Aims: Overweight and obesity are modifiable risk factors for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) in the general population, but their prevalence in individuals with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia (HeFH) and whether they confer additional risk of ASCVD independent of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) remains unclear.

Methods: Cross-sectional analysis was conducted in 35 540 patients with HeFH across 50 countries, in the EAS FH Studies Collaboration registry. Prevalence of World Health Organization-defined body mass index categories was investigated in adults (n = 29 265) and children/adolescents (n = 6275); and their association with prevalent ASCVD.

A Critical Appraisal of the Application of Frailty and Sarcopenia in the Spinal Oncology Population.

Study Design: Systematic review and clinimetric analysis.

Objectives: Frailty and sarcopenia predict worse surgical outcomes among spinal degenerative and deformity-related populations; this association is less clear in the context of spinal oncology. Here, we sought to identify frailty and sarcopenia tools applied in spinal oncology and appraise their clinimetric properties.

Seed banking impacts native Acacia ulicifolia seed microbiome composition and function.

Background: Seed banks are a vital resource for preserving plant species diversity globally. However, seedling establishment and survival rates from banked seeds can be poor. Despite a growing appreciation for the role of seed-associated microbiota in supporting seed quality and plant health, our understanding of the effects of conventional seed banking processes on seed microbiomes remains limited.

The world's most venomous spider is a species complex: systematics of the Sydney funnel-web spider (Atracidae: Atrax robustus).

The Sydney funnel-web spider Atrax robustus O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1877 is an iconic Australian species and considered among the most dangerously venomous spiders for humans. Originally described in 1877 from a single specimen collected in "New Holland", this spider has a complex taxonomic history.

Patient factors associated with treatment completion in a 12-week inpatient dual diagnosis treatment program.

Objective: To identify whether mental health wellbeing, age, gender or recent substance use pattern affected completion rates of a dual diagnosis inpatient program.

Method: This retrospective cohort study reviewed medical records of patients admitted between October 2018 and December 2021 of Westside Lodge, a dual diagnosis inpatient program. Demographic information, mental health screening tool results (BASIS-24) and self-reported substance use data were accessed from the patients' electronic medical records.

Advocacy in Action: International Patient Group Improves Hereditary Angioedema Diagnosis and Care Across the Asia-Pacific.

This study demonstrates that patient advocacy groups significantly enhance medication availability and improve diagnosis of hereditary angioedema (HAE), particularly in emerging economies within the Asia-Pacific region. This study supports integrating patient advocacy group involvement into management guidelines, emphasising their role in improving access to diagnostics and treatment for HAE.

The impact of hypertension prevention and modification on dementia burden: A systematic review of economic studies.

Aim: Neurological disorders account for the largest proportion of disability-adjusted life years globally, with dementia being the third leading cause. Hypertension has been identified as a priority, targetable risk factor for dementia. This study aimed to systematically review economic studies that examine the impact of hypertension prevention and control on the costs and outcomes of dementia.

Blarcamesine for the treatment of Early Alzheimer's Disease: Results from the ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 Phase IIB/III trial.

Background: There are no approved oral disease-modifying treatments for Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Objectives: The objective of this study was to assess efficacy and safety of blarcamesine (ANAVEX®2-73), an orally available small-molecule activator of the sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1) in early AD through restoration of cellular homeostasis including autophagy enhancement.

Design: ANAVEX2-73-AD-004 was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 48-week Phase IIb/III trial.

Healthcare spending and factors associated with fall injury in Australia residential aged care: a cohort analysis.

Background: Given that fall injury is a critical public health concern in Australia, understanding the economic implications of falls among older adults is crucial to allocating healthcare resources efficiently to reduce falls and improve quality of life. This study therefore aimed to estimate the cost and identify factors associated with fall-related injuries within residential aged care (RAC).

Methods: A cohort analysis from the healthcare system perspective based on data from a double-blinded randomised controlled trial-the Opti-Med trial.

Systematic review of health and social outcomes among Indigenous People exposed to the child welfare system: a protocol.

Introduction: The link between parent-child separation through child welfare systems and negative health and social outcomes is well documented. In contrast, despite the over-representation of Indigenous children and youth in child welfare systems, the relationship between child welfare system involvement and health and social outcomes among Indigenous populations has not been systematically reviewed. Our objective is to assess whether Indigenous People who have been exposed to a child welfare system personally or intergenerationally (ie, parents and/or grandparents) within Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the USA (CANZUS countries) and the circumpolar region are at an increased risk for negative health and social outcomes compared with other exposed and non-exposed groups.

Prevalence of visually significant cataract and cataract surgical coverage in Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Aims: Compare the prevalence of age-related cataract and the cataract surgical coverage rate between Indigenous and non-Indigenous Australians and explore differences in these estimates across location and time.

Methods: The Joanna Briggs Institute guidance for systematic reviews of prevalence studies was followed. A systematic search of Medline, Embase, Web of Science and grey literature from database inception to June 2022 was performed.

Social Vulnerability and Child Food Insecurity in Developed Countries: A Systematic Review.

Food insecurity (FI) is a serious public health concern in economically developed countries, mainly due to unequal resource distribution. Identifying social vulnerability factors [i.e.

Impact of parent-reported antibiotic allergies on paediatric Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs.

Background: Antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) is crucial for optimising antimicrobial use and restraining emergence of antimicrobial resistance. The overall increase in reported antibiotic allergies in children can pose a significant barrier to AMS, but its impact on clinical AMS care in children has not been addressed.

Objective: Compare the clinical outcomes for children with a reported antibiotic allergy label (AAL) with those with no AAL reviewed by AMS.

The relationship between patient-reported and clinician-assessed outcome measures in Inclusion body myositis - insights from a retrospective cohort study.

Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is an inflammatory myopathy, characterised by slow progression of weakness, skeletal muscle atrophy, and heterogeneous clinical presentation. This variability in disease progression and presentation complicates tracking of clinical progress and intervention response in clinical trials, presenting challenges in identifying reliable outcome measures. We aimed to identify the most useful suite of clinician-assessed and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) for use in clinical practice and trials from a selection of the most commonly used outcome measures in IBM.

Young Adults with Type 1 Diabetes' Clinical Outcomes and Satisfaction Related to the Use of Videoconferencing for Type 1 Diabetes Healthcare: A Narrative Review.

Introduction: Young adulthood is well documented as being a particularly challenging area of type 1 diabetes (T1D) healthcare. Many young adults with T1D (YAT1D) are distracted from effective disease self-management; T1D healthcare service engagement can be problematic and inconsistent, and high rates of unplanned healthcare contacts prevail. Video conferencing use can facilitate services to be flexible and responsive.

Ethical food consumption in the digital age: Consumer attitudes towards digitally monitored animal welfare in pork products.

Climate change is an emerging global reality with widespread effects on ecosystems and human communities. However, its significant impact on livestock animals often goes underdiscussed as more focus is given to impact of livestock production on climate change. Implementing high-welfare systems, such as digital monitoring of animals, can help mitigate climate-related challenges by reducing temperature fluctuations and controlling disease spread.

Psychological induction of interoceptive hunger cues and their effect on food desire.

Certain interoceptive hunger cues are caused by gut physiology. These interoceptive cues may have psychological consequences, namely an ability to enhance the desire to eat, which are independent of their physiological cause. Testing this idea is difficult because the physiological processes are normally linked to any consequence.