The global prevalence of interstitial lung disease in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aims to review the literature and estimate the global pooled prevalence of interstitial lung disease among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA-ILD). The influence of risk factors like geography, socioeconomic status, smoking and DMARD use will be explored. A systematic review was performed according to the PRISMA and JBI guidelines.

Quantitative pre-clinical imaging of hypoxia and vascularity using MRI and PET.

During hypoxia, tissues are subjected to an inadequate oxygen supply, disrupting the balance needed to maintain normal function. This deficiency can occur due to reduced oxygen delivery caused by impaired blood flow or a decline in the blood's ability to carry oxygen. In tumors, hypoxia and vascularization play crucial roles, shaping their microenvironments and influencing cancer progression, response to treatment and metastatic potential.

Without visual feedback voluntary torque is overestimated during muscle potentiation despite similar motor unit firing rate and perception of exertion.

The purpose was to assess whether visual feedback of torque contributes to motor unit (MU) firing rate reduction observed during post-activation potentiation (PAP) of skeletal muscle. From 15 participants 23 MUs were recorded with intramuscular fine-wire electrodes from the tibialis anterior during isometric dorsiflexion contractions at 20% of maximum, with and without both PAP and visual feedback of torque. A 5s maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) was used to induce PAP, and evoked twitch responses were assessed before and after.

Phosphorus-Nitrogen Heterocycles Derived from Chelating N-Donor Ligands: Historical Advances, Recent Highlights, and Outlook.

The exploration of phosphorus-nitrogen heterocycles derived from chelating N-donor ligands is an area of research that has lagged behind the development of similar heterocycles based on other main group elements, most notably boron. The fact that phosphorus and nitrogen are both group 15 elements and that their compounds are most commonly viewed as Lewis bases likely contributes to this observation. However, through judicious ligand design and creative use of phosphorus sources that render phosphorus as Lewis acidic and/or electron poor, a variety of heterocyclic architectures are possible.

Recommendations for mitochondria transfer and transplantation nomenclature and characterization.

Intercellular mitochondria transfer is an evolutionarily conserved process in which one cell delivers some of their mitochondria to another cell in the absence of cell division. This process has diverse functions depending on the cell types involved and physiological or disease context. Although mitochondria transfer was first shown to provide metabolic support to acceptor cells, recent studies have revealed diverse functions of mitochondria transfer, including, but not limited to, the maintenance of mitochondria quality of the donor cell and the regulation of tissue homeostasis and remodelling.

Transitioning to high-sensitivity troponin: 1-year mortality outcomes in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome presenting to emergency departments.

Background: Switching from a conventional to a high-sensitivity cardiac troponin (hs-cTn) assay enables detection of smaller amounts of myocardial damage, but the clinical benefit is unclear. We investigated whether switching to a hs-cTnI assay with a sex-specific 99th centile diagnostic threshold was associated with lower 1-year death or new myocardial infarction (MI) in patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS).

Methods: This pre-post study included nine tertiary hospitals in Australia.

A reference genome for the eastern bettong ( ).

The eastern or Tasmanian bettong ( ) is one of four extant bettong species and is listed as 'Near Threatened' by the IUCN. We sequenced short read data on the 10x system to generate a reference genome 3.46Gb in size and contig N50 of 87.

Boron controls apical dominance in Pea (Pisum sativum) via promoting polar auxin transport.

Plant architecture and subsequent productivity are determined by the shoot apical dominance, which is disturbed by the deficiency of boron, one of the essential trace elements for plant growth and reproduction. However, the mechanism by which B controls shoot apical dominance or axillary bud outgrows under B deficiency is still unclear. This work aimed to investigate the mechanistic basis of this process, with focus on the interaction between B and polar auxin transport.

Down syndrome or Rett syndrome in the family: Parental reflections on sibling experience.

Background: Siblings of children with intellectual disability have unique family experiences, varying by type of disability.

Methods: Parents of children with Down syndrome (156) or with Rett syndrome (149) completed questionnaires relating to sibling advantages and disadvantages, experiences of holidays and recreation, and perceived availability of parental time. Qualitative responses were analysed using thematic analysis.

Consensus outcomes between health professionals and parents for oral corticosteroids in treating preschool wheeze: a multi-national survey and nominal group technique study.

Objective: To obtain priority consensus for outcome measures of oral corticosteroid treatment of preschool wheeze that represent stakeholder groups.

Design: (1) A systematic review to identify a set of outcome measures; (2) an international survey for healthcare professionals (HCPs) and a nominal group meeting with parents; (3) a final consensus nominal group meeting with key HCPs (trial investigators and paediatric emergency medicine clinicians) and the same parent group.

Main Outcome Measures: Consensus priority of treatment outcome measures, outcome minimal clinically important differences (MCIDs) and level of concerns about adverse effects.

Astragaloside IV can mitigate heat stress-induced tissue damage through modulation of the Keap1-Nrf2 signaling pathway in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella).

This study investigated the potential protective effect of AS-IV against heat stress-induced tissue damage in grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Grass carp were injected intraperitoneally with 0, 2, 4, and 8 mg/kg of AS-IV for three consecutive days, and then subjected to heat stress (35 ± 0.5 °C); thereafter, histopathological analyses of the liver and spleen were performed at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h, respectively.

Co-Designing a Consumer-Focused Digital Reporting Health Platform to Improve Adverse Medicine Event Reporting: Protocol for a Multimethod Research Project (the ReMedi Project).

Background: Adverse medicine events (AMEs) are unintended effects that occur following administration of medicines. Up to 70% of AMEs are not reported to, and hence remain undetected by, health care professionals and only 6% of AMEs are reported to regulators. Increased reporting by consumers, health care professionals, and pharmaceutical companies to medicine regulatory authorities is needed to increase the safety of medicines.

How can modeling responsibly inform decision-making in malaria?

When models are used to inform decision-making, both their strengths and limitations must be considered. Using malaria as an example, we explain how and why models are limited and offer guidance for ensuring a model is well-suited for its intended purpose.

Novel pain assessment tool specific for pulp symptoms to aid diagnosis.

Aim: Although many pain assessment tools exist, none are specific to the relatively unique presentation of pulpal pain. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a novel pain assessment tool based on pulp symptoms.

Methodology: A preliminary list of items best-describing pulpitis was developed based on deductive and inductive approaches and the preliminary tool was piloted (n = 80).

Taming chimeras in coupled oscillators using soft actor-critic based reinforcement learning.

We propose a universal method based on deep reinforcement learning (specifically, soft actor-critic) to control the chimera state in the coupled oscillators. The policy for control is learned by maximizing the expectation of the cumulative reward in the reinforcement learning framework. With the aid of the local order parameter, we design a class of reward functions for controlling the chimera state, specifically confining the spatial position of coherent and incoherent domains to any desired lateral position of oscillators.

Longitudinal Assessment of Structural and Functional Changes in Rod-cone Dystrophy: A 10-year Follow-up Study.

Purpose: Emerging clinical trials for inherited retinal disease (IRD) require an understanding of long-term progression. This longitudinal study investigated the genetic diagnosis and change in retinal structure and function over 10 years in rod-cone dystrophies (RCDs).

Design: Longitudinal observational follow-up study.

Beyond bronchial thermoplasty - where to now?

With the impending 'retirement' of bronchial thermoplasty (BT) for the treatment of patients with asthma, there is much to learn from this real-world experiment that will help us develop more effective future therapies with the same primary target i.e., airway smooth muscle (ASM) remodelling.

A Density Functional Theory (DFT) Modeling Study of NO Reduction by CO over Graphene-Supported Single-Atom Ni Catalysts in the Presence of CO, SO, O, and HO.

The mechanisms of NO reduction by CO over nitrogen-doped graphene (N-graphene)-supported single-atom Ni catalysts in the presence of O, HO, CO, and SO have been studied via density functional theory (DFT) modeling. The catalyst is represented by a single Ni atom bonded to four N atoms on N-graphene. Several alternative reaction pathways, including adsorption of NO on the Ni site, direct reduction of NO by CO, decomposition of NO to NO followed by reduction of NO to N, formation of active oxygen radical O*, and reduction of O* by CO, were hypothesized and the energy barrier corresponding to each of the reaction steps was calculated using DFT.

Implementation of a data-driven quality improvement program in primary care for patients with coronary heart disease: a mixed methods evaluation of acceptability, satisfaction, barriers and enablers.

Background The study aimed to understand the acceptability, satisfaction, uptake, utility and feasibility of a quality improvement (QI) intervention to improve care for coronary heart disease (CHD) patients in Australian primary care practices and identify barriers and enablers, including the impact of COVID-19. Methods Within the QUality improvement for Effectiveness of care for people Living with heart disease (QUEL) study, 26 Australian primary care practices, supported by five Primary Health Networks (PHN) participated in a 1-year QI intervention (November 2019 - November 2020). Data were collected from practices and PHNs staff via surveys and semi-structured interviews.

Lateral End-Range Movement Profile and Shot Effectiveness During Grand Slam Tennis Match-Play.

End-range movements are among the most demanding but least understood in the sport of tennis. Using male Hawk-Eye data from match-play during the 2021-2023 Australian Open tournaments, we evaluated the speed, deceleration, acceleration, and shot quality characteristics of these types of movement in men's Grand Slam tennis. Lateral end-range movements that incorporated a change of direction (CoD) were identified for analysis using k-means (end-range) and random forest (CoD) machine learning models.

A co-registration method to validate optical coherence tomography in the breast surgical cavity.

Breast-conserving surgery accompanied by adjuvant radiotherapy is the standard of care for patients with early-stage breast cancer. However, re-excision is reported in 20-30 % of cases, largely because of close or involved tumor margins in the specimen. Several intraoperative tumor margin assessment techniques have been proposed to overcome this issue, however, none have been widely adopted.

The genetics of non-syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to consolidate existing genetic and clinical data on non-syndromic dentinogenesis imperfecta (DI) to enhance understanding of its etiology.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for genetic familial linkage studies published in English without time restrictions. Genetic familial linkage studies that reported cases of Shield's classifications: DI-II, DI-III or DD-II were included.

"That's not fair on my kid": Carers' perspectives on sport participation and experiences for children in out-of-home care.

Children in out-of-home care participate in less organised sport than children from other household structures, potentially reducing opportunities for improvements in social, developmental, and health outcomes. Despite this, little is known about barriers and facilitators of sport participation for children in care. We aimed to explore carers' perspectives on the influences on children in care's participation and experiences in organised sport.

Long-acting, progestin-based contraceptives and risk of breast, gynecological, and other cancers.

Background: Use of long-acting, reversible contraceptives has increased over the past 20 years, but an understanding of how they could influence cancer risk is limited.

Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study among a national cohort of Australian women (n = 176 601 diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2013; 882 999 matched control individuals) to investigate the associations between the levonorgestrel intrauterine system, etonogestrel implants, depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate and cancer risk and compared these results with the oral contraceptive pill. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI).

Manipulation of Surface Spin Configurations for Enhanced Performance in Oxygen Evolution Reactions.

studies of the relationship between surface spin configurations and spin-related electrocatalytic reactions are crucial for understanding how magnetic catalysts enhance oxygen evolution reaction (OER) performance under magnetic fields. In this work, 2D FeSe nanosheets with rich surface spin configurations are synthesized via chemical vapor deposition. magnetic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy reveal that a 200 mT magnetic field eliminates spin-disordered domain walls, forming a spin-ordered single-domain structure, which lowers the OER energy barrier, as confirmed by theoretical calculations.