The effects of acute hot-water immersion on force steadiness and motor unit discharge rate variability in young, healthy adults.

This study examined the effects of core and muscle temperature on force steadiness and motor unit discharge rate (MUDR) variability after a hot-water immersion session. Fifteen participants (6 women; 25±6 years) completed neuromuscular assessments before and after either 42ºC (hot) or 36ºC (control) water immersion. Force steadiness was measured during knee extension, while HD-sEMG signals were recorded from vastus lateralis and medialis for MUDR variability analysis.

Effective Spiral Laser Path for Minimizing Local Heating and Anisotropic Microstructures in Powder Bed Fusion Additive Manufacturing.

Heat accumulation due to repetitive simple laser processing paths during building up a three-dimensional structure is a well-known issue that needs to be settled to reduce the excessively high residual stress and thermal deformation in a powder bed fusion (PBF) additive manufacturing process. Because of the dependency of laser path on the thermal dispersion, it is essential to analyze the heat accumulation phenomenon during laser processing. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis based on the volume of fraction method is used to optimize the laser path for minimizing the local heating up in the PBF process.

Hospitalizations in patients with systemic sclerosis: Differences between limited and diffuse cutaneous subtypes.

Aim: Systemic sclerosis is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It remains unclear from the literature if there are differences between the subtypes of systemic sclerosis and the rate of hospitalization. Our study investigates the rates of all types of hospitalizations between limited and diffuse cutaneous systemic sclerosis.

Co-occurrence of cancer and diabetes in a high-income country: Age-period-cohort projections 2020-2044.

Background: Cancer and diabetes are increasingly prevalent, and it is not unusual for an individual to have both conditions at the same time. This occurrence has significant ramifications to the person, the clinical team providing care, and the broader health system.

Research Design And Methods: For the period 2006-2019, we used national-level diabetes (Virtual Diabetes Register) and cancer (New Zealand Cancer Registry) data on nearly five million individuals over 44 million person-years of follow-up.

Earth's Climate History Explains Life's Temperature Optima.

Why does the growth of most life forms exhibit a narrow range of optimal temperatures below 40°C? We hypothesize that the recently identified stable range of oceanic temperatures of ~5 to 37°C for more than two billion years of Earth history tightly constrained the evolution of prokaryotic thermal performance curves to optimal temperatures for growth to less than 40°C. We tested whether competitive mechanisms reproduced the observed upper limits of life's temperature optima using simple Lotka-Volterra models of interspecific competition between organisms with different temperature optima. Model results supported our proposition whereby organisms with temperature optima up to 37°C were most competitive.

People experience similar intrusions about past and future autobiographical negative experiences.

We know much about people's problematic reactions-such as distressing intrusions-to negative, stressful, or traumatic events. But emerging evidence suggests people react similarly to negative and potentially-traumatic events. Given similar processes underlie remembering the past and imagining the future more generally, we wondered how similar involuntary memories, or intrusions, are for experienced vs.

Predicting Physical Violence Against Corrections Officers Across Three Levels of Severity Using Individual and Environmental Characteristics.

Working in prisons can be a challenging job, managing a population of incarcerated people while keeping oneself, one's colleagues, and the people themselves safe. Some corrections officers may expect violence in the workplace, yet being a victim of violence is no trivial experience. In prison, violent incidents are categorized according to the severity of the violence perpetrated.

Large language models (LLMs) and the institutionalization of misinformation.

Large language models (LLMs), such as ChatGPT, flood the Internet with true and false information, crafted and delivered with techniques that psychological science suggests will encourage people to think that information is true. What's more, as people feed this misinformation back into the Internet, emerging LLMs will adopt it and feed it back in other models. Such a scenario means we could lose access to information that helps us tell what is real from unreal - to do 'reality monitoring.

Communicating health information to children: is a child-rights-based approach being adopted by nurses? An integrative review.

Background: Childhood is a time when health behaviours are established and the foundations for health literacy are cemented. In Aotearoa New Zealand nurses are responsible for communicating health messages to children at key stages in children's lives.

Objectives/aims: This review explores the ways in which nurses communicate health messages to children and adolescents in Aotearoa New Zealand.

A generalisability theory approach to quantifying changes in psychopathology among ultra-high-risk individuals for psychosis.

Distinguishing stable and fluctuating psychopathological features in young individuals at Ultra High Risk (UHR) for psychosis is challenging, but critical for building robust, accurate, early clinical detection and prevention capabilities. Over a 24-month period, 159 UHR individuals were assessed using the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Generalisability Theory was used to validate the PANSS with this population and to investigate stable and fluctuating features, by estimating the reliability and generalisability of three factor (Positive, Negative, and General) and five factor (Positive, Negative, Cognitive, Depression, and Hostility) symptom models.

Isotopic steady state or non-steady state transpiration? Insights from whole-tree chambers.

Unravelling the complexities of transpiration can be assisted by understanding the oxygen isotope composition of transpired water vapour (δE). It is often assumed that δE is at steady state, thereby mirroring the oxygen isotope composition of source water (δsource), but this assumption has never been tested at the whole-tree scale. This study utilized the unique infrastructure of 12 whole-tree chambers enclosing Eucalyptus parramattensis E.

Analysis of sulfur in soil and plant digests using methane as a reaction gas for ICP-MS.

Quantitation of sulfur (S) is vitally important for analysis of agricultural soil and plant samples due to the requirement of S in living organisms. Although inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) is a commonly used and robust instrument for multi-elemental detection, S is usually analysed by ICP-optical emission spectroscopy (OES) since S quantitation poses a particular challenge for ICP-MS due to interferences on all S isotopes. The requirement for analysis by two instruments increases time and cost for sample analysis, hence analysis by one instrument is desirable.

The physical health and premature mortality of Indigenous Māori following first-episode psychosis diagnosis: A 15-year follow-up study.

Background: People experiencing psychosis are at greater risk of physical health conditions and premature mortality. It is likely that Indigenous Māori youth, who experience additional systemic inequities caused by settler-colonisation, face even greater physical health and mortality risks following a diagnosis of first-episode psychosis.

Objective: Compare Māori and non-Māori for risk of hospitalisation and mortality for up to 15 years following first-episode psychosis diagnosis.

Trauma-informed care beliefs scale-comprehensive for child welfare carers using Rasch analysis.

Background: The literature on trauma-informed care practices (TIC) indicates that this framework is beneficial for young people, carers, and staff. However, a significant gap in the literature and practice is the absence of psychometrically sound scales to measure carer adherence to TIC principles. Emerging evidence suggests that TIC practices shift carer attitudes and beliefs, which mediate positive outcomes for both carers and young people.

Treatment patterns in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus in New Zealand.

Objectives: This study aims to explore the treatment pattern of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in Aotearoa/New Zealand.

Methods: SLE patients were linked to the pharmaceutical dispensing data. The use of publicly funded anti-malarials, immunomodulators, biologics, glucocorticoids and bisphosphonates were compared by gender, ethnicity, age group, socioeconomic status and year of SLE identification.

Changes in indicators of well-being on moving from home to long-term care for Māori in Aotearoa New Zealand: A retrospective cohort study.

Objective: To investigate changes in well-being measures for older Māori after moving from community to long-term care (LTC).

Methods: We undertook a retrospective cohort study of older Māori in New Zealand (NZ) who had received assessments for their health needs whilst living at home (interRAI-HC assessment) as well as a subsequent assessment after moving into a care facility (interRAI-LTCF). All interRAI-HC assessments from 01 July 2013 to 21 December 2018 were identified and matched to LTCF assessments that were undertaken at least 6 months later.

High water temperature significantly influences swimming performance of New Zealand migratory species.

Anthropogenic structures in freshwater systems pose a significant threat by fragmenting habitats. Effective fish passage solutions must consider how environmental changes introduce variability into swimming performance. As temperature is considered the most important external factor influencing fish physiology, it is especially important to consider its effects on fish swimming performance.

Improving cervical screening rates among sexual minorities: Insights from Aotearoa New Zealand.

Issue Addressed: Sexual minority women (SMW) experience inequities in health outcomes. The extant literature consistently suggests that SMW are much less likely than their heterosexual peers to engage in cervical screening. Using participant's voices, the focus of this study was to explore the ways in which cervical screening rates for SMW might be improved.

Safe(r) Landing by Older People: A Matter of Complexity.

Maintaining balance is a complex motor problem that requires coordinated contributions from multiple biological systems. Aging inevitably lessens the fidelity of biological systems, which can result in an increased risk of falling and associated injuries. It is advantageous to land safely, but falls manifest in diverse ways, so different motor solutions are required to land safely.

Methoxyflurane analgesia for outpatient hysteroscopy: A double-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: Despite clinical and economic benefits, pain during outpatient hysteroscopy (OPH) remains a barrier to use. There is a lack of evidence to support routine use of one analgesic over another versus no analgesic.

Aims: To study the efficacy and safety of methoxyflurane analgesia during OPH.

Cultural Tailoring and Targeting of Messages: A Systematic Literature Review.

Cultural targeting and tailoring are different, yet they remain intertwined in the literature inhibiting theory development and limiting the possibility of determining their effects. This preregistered systematic literature review describes these constructs and provides a framework for cultural tailoring with evidence from a review of 63 studies, published from 2010 to 2020, to characterize the processes, elements, and theories used in the existing literature. The results show that 86% of studies self-defined as cultural tailoring, but coding revealed relatively few tailoring studies (25%) with 31% including both tailoring and targeting elements.