Development of Research Foundation for Comprehensive Articulation of Drug Effects.

As unexpected adverse events and successful drug repositioning have shown, drug effects are complex and include aspects not recognized by developers. How can we understand these unrecognized drug effects? Drug effects can be numerized by encompassing biological responses to drugs. For instance, the transcriptome data of cultured cells and toxicopathological images of mice treated with a compound represent the effects of the compound in vitro and in vivo, respectively.

Identification of two novel α-amylase inhibitory activity peptide from Russian sea cucumber body wallprotein hydrolysate.

This study aimed to identify novel α-amylase inhibitory peptides from Russian sea cucumbers and elucidate their inhibitory mechanisms. Among the 52 identified sea cucumber peptide (SCP), two peptides with potential α-amylase inhibitory activity, FPSPPLVA (SCP1) and GPPMPPPPLP (SCP2), were selected from the sequences researched. The results showed that both SCP1 and SCP2 exhibited α-amylase inhibitory activity with IC of 0.

Equilibrium of monomers, dimers, and polymeric aggregates in the α-aryl-propionic acid-type analgesics naproxen, ketoprofen, and ibuprofen: Comparative study with oxicam-type meloxicam and piroxicam.

Hydrophobicity is associated with drug transport across membranes and is expressed as the partition coefficient log P for neutral drugs and the distribution coefficient log D for acidic and basic drugs. The log P and log D predictions are deductively (or with artificial intelligence) estimated as the sum of the partial contributions of the scaffold and substituents of a single molecule and are used widely and affirmatively. However, their predictions have not always been comprehensively accurate beyond scaffold differences.

Impact of the ratio of fecal short-chain fatty acids to lactic acid concentration on postoperative infectious complications after pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Background: We previously reported that the balance of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid in feces affects postoperative infectious complications after major hepatectomy. However, the effect remains unclear in pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Methods: Preoperative fecal samples were collected from 210 patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy at 2 institutions between January 2019 and June 2021.

Directional intermodular coupling enriches functional complexity in biological neuronal networks.

Hierarchically modular organization is a canonical network topology that is evolutionarily conserved in the nervous systems of animals. Within the network, neurons form directional connections defined by the growth of their axonal terminals. However, this topology is dissimilar to the network formed by dissociated neurons in culture because they form randomly connected networks on homogeneous substrates.

First identification and whole genome characterization of rotavirus C in pigs in Zambia.

Rotavirus C (RVC) causes acute gastroenteritis in neonatal piglets. Despite the clinical importance of RVC infection, the distribution and prevalence in pig populations in most African countries remains unknown. In this study, we identified RVC in Zambian pigs by metagenomic analysis.

Pharmacological Management of IgG4-Related Disease: From Traditional to Mechanism-Based Targeted Therapies.

IgG4-related disease (IgG4-RD) is an immune-mediated disorder characterized by organ enlargement and dysfunction. The formation of tertiary lymphoid tissues (TLTs) in affected organs is crucial for understanding IgG4-RD, as T follicular helper (Tfh) 2 cells within TLTs drive IgG4+B cell differentiation, contributing to mass formation. Key cytokines IL-4 and IL-10, produced by Tfh2 cells, are essential for this process.

Genetic landscape in undiagnosed patients with syndromic hearing loss revealed by whole exome sequencing and phenotype similarity search.

There are hundreds of rare syndromic diseases involving hearing loss, many of which are not targeted for clinical genetic testing. We systematically explored the genetic causes of undiagnosed syndromic hearing loss using a combination of whole exome sequencing (WES) and a phenotype similarity search system called PubCaseFinder. Fifty-five families with syndromic hearing loss of unknown cause were analyzed using WES after prescreening of several deafness genes depending on patient clinical features.

Cytokine dynamics and quality of life: unraveling the impact of cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy in ovarian cancer patients.

Background: The quality of life (QOL) of ovarian cancer patients is often impaired by refractory ascites. Cell-free and concentrated ascites reinfusion therapy (CART) is a palliative treatment for refractory ascites, but adverse events, such as fever, are problematic. Several cytokines have been suggested to be responsible for the adverse events, but they have not been investigated in detail.

Profiling of pathogenic variants in Japanese patients with sarcoglycanopathy.

Background: Sarcoglycanopathies (SGPs) are limb-girdle muscular dystrophies (LGMDs) that can be classified into four types, LGMDR3, LGMDR4, LGMDR5, and LGMDR6, caused by mutations in the genes, SGCA, SGCB, SGCG, and SGCD, respectively. SGPs are relatively rare in Japan. This study aims to profile the genetic variants that cause SGPs in Japanese patients.

Effect of pre-hospital living setting on nutritional intake route upon discharge in older adults with aspiration pneumonia: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Aspiration pneumonia, which often recurs due to dysphagia, worsens as patients move between homes, facilities, and hospitals. The impact of pre-hospital living setting on oral intake at discharge remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of the pre-hospital living setting on the nutritional intake route upon discharge in older patients with aspiration pneumonia.

Textbook outcome in liver surgery for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma: defining predictors of an optimal postoperative course using machine learning.

Background: We sought to define textbook outcome in liver surgery (TOLS) for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ICC) by considering the implications of perioperative outcomes on overall survival (OS).

Methods: Using a multi-institutional database, TOLS for ICC was defined by employing novel machine learning (ML) models to identify perioperative factors most strongly predictive of OS ≥ 12 months. Subsequently, clinicopathologic factors associated with achieving TOLS were investigated.

Impact of surgical volume on outcomes of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors: A Japanese nationwide database analysis.

Objective: To analyze the recent status of laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors, focusing on the relationship between the number of surgeries and complication rates per facility.

Methods: Data were obtained from the Diagnosis Procedure Combination database, covering surgeries performed between April 2012 and March 2020. The inclusion criteria were laparoscopic adrenalectomy for benign adrenal tumors.

Racial disparity in preoperative C-reactive protein level for predicting prognosis of patients with non-metastatic clear cell renal cell carcinoma: INMARC study.

Background: C-reactive protein (CRP) is a prognostic biomarker for clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, there may be potential racial heterogeneity in distribution and prognostic impact of CRP level. We investigated potential racial differences in distribution and prognostic impact of preoperative CRP among Asian (AS), African American (AA), and Caucasian (CAUC) patients with non-metastatic ccRCC (nmccRCC).

Implications of an Off-Hours Setting in Patients Undergoing Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair for Mitral Regurgitation.

Background: - Little is known about mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) performed outside of usual working hours. We aimed to explore the prevalence, correlates, and outcomes of mitral TEER initiated off-hours, i.e.