Smoking Cessation Interventions in the Lung Cancer Screening Setting: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: The optimal configuration of a smoking cessation intervention in a lung cancer screening (LCS) setting has not yet been established.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of 3 tobacco treatment strategies of increasing integration and intensity in the LCS setting.

Design, Setting, And Participants: In this randomized clinical trial, LCS-eligible current smokers were randomized into 3 treatments: quitline (QL), QL plus (QL+), or integrated care (IC).

A Phase I Study of the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Liposomal Bupivacaine for Sciatic Nerve Block in the Popliteal Fossa for Bunionectomy.

This trial assessed the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of liposomal bupivacaine given via ultrasound-guided popliteal sciatic nerve block with or without immediate-release bupivacaine hydrochloride in adults having bunionectomies. Forty-five adults were enrolled into four sequential cohorts: (1) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (2) liposomal bupivacaine 133 mg with bupivacaine hydrochloride 50 mg; (3) liposomal bupivacaine 266 mg; or (4) bupivacaine hydrochloride 100 mg. Outcomes included pharmacokinetics (e.

The Nature of Adverse Events in Dentistry.

Objectives: Learning from clinical data on the subject of safety with regards to patient care in dentistry is still largely in its infancy. Current evidence does not provide epidemiological estimates on adverse events (AEs) associated with dental care. The goal of the dental practice study was to quantify and describe the nature and severity of harm experienced in association with dental care, and to assess for disparities in the prevalence of AEs.

Tumor biomechanical stiffness by magnetic resonance elastography predicts surgical outcomes and identifies biomarkers in vestibular schwannoma and meningioma.

Variations in the biomechanical stiffness of brain tumors can not only influence the difficulty of surgical resection but also impact postoperative outcomes. In a prospective, single-blinded study, we utilize pre-operative magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) to predict the stiffness of intracranial tumors intraoperatively and assess the impact of increased tumor stiffness on clinical outcomes following microsurgical resection of vestibular schwannomas (VS) and meningiomas. MRE measurements significantly correlated with intraoperative tumor stiffness and baseline hearing status of VS patients.

Percutaneous coronary intervention before transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A propensity score matched analysis.

Background: The role of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with stable coronary artery disease (CAD) who subsequently undergo transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) remains uncertain. Therefore, we conducted this study to assess the association of PCI before TAVR with mortality and cardiovascular outcomes.

Methods: We used the TriNetX database (Jan 2012 - Aug 2022) and grouped patients into PCI (3 months or less) before TAVR and no PCI.

Trajectories and Predictors for the Development of Clinically Significant Weight Gain in Children and Adolescents Prescribed Second-Generation Antipsychotics.

As many as 60% of pediatric patients taking second-generation antipsychotics (SGA) experience weight gain (antipsychotic-induced weight gain). However, the subgroup that experienced substantial weight increase was poorly understood. This study aimed to identify the development and predictors of clinically significant weight gain (CSWG) among pediatric SGA recipients.

Chest pain due to coronary artery compression in an adult with CHD.

A 47-year-old with repaired ventricular septal defect and pulmonary valve stenosis as a child presents with chronic intermittent chest pain. CT evaluation for transcatheter pulmonary valve replacement revealed right coronary artery compression between a sternal wire and dilated right ventricle. Removal of the sternal wire resulted in improved symptoms.

Racial Disparities in Plasma Cell Leukemia Outcomes Among Hospitalized Patients in the United States.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare, aggressive subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) with a poor prognosis. Prior studies have shown that racial disparities affect MM patients in various ways, which may affect patients' outcomes. In this study, we aimed to investigate racial differences in hospitalization outcomes for PCL using Nationwide Inpatient Sample data.

Decreasing Goal Oxygen Saturations in Bronchiolitis Is Associated With Decreased Length of Stay.

Objectives: For patients hospitalized with bronchiolitis, many hospitals have implemented clinical practice guidelines to decrease variability in care. Our hospital updated its bronchiolitis clinical pathway by lowering goal oxygen saturation from 90% to 88%. We compared clinical outcomes before and after this change within the context of the pathway update.

An assessment of the safety, hemostatic efficacy, and clinical impact of low-titer group O whole blood in children and adolescents.

Background: Low-titer group O whole blood (LTOWB) use has been associated with improved survival and less blood transfusions in adult trauma patients. Its use in pediatric trauma has been shown to be safe when using leukoreduced, LTOWB with anti-A, anti-B antibody titers of <1:50. We set out to evaluate the safety, hemostatic potential, and impact on pediatric outcomes at a center using non-leukoreduced, LTOWB with anti-A, anti-B antibody titers of <1:200.

Osteoradionecrosis of the cervical spine: an analysis of the literature.

Objectives: The purpose of this manuscript is to review the current literature on osteoradionecrosis of the cervical spine (C-ORN) and to summarize the risk factors, presenting symptoms and management strategies of this rare condition.

Study Design: A systematic review of the literature on C-ORN was completed using PubMed. Nineteen articles met criteria; 97 patient cases were identified.

Dysphagia is associated with worse clinical outcomes in geriatric trauma patients.

Introduction: Dysphagia is associated with increased morbidity, mortality, and resource utilization in hospitalized patients, but studies on outcomes in geriatric trauma patients with dysphagia are limited. We hypothesized that geriatric trauma patients with dysphagia would have worse clinical outcomes compared with those without dysphagia.

Methods: Patients with and without dysphagia were compared in a single-center retrospective cohort study of trauma patients aged ≥65 years admitted in 2019.

Stem cell transplantation for systemic sclerosis.

Background: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by systemic inflammation, fibrosis, vascular injury, reduced quality of life, and limited treatment options. Autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) has emerged as a potential intervention for severe SSc refractory to conventional treatment.

Objectives: To assess the benefits and harms of autologous hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of systemic sclerosis (specifically, non-selective myeloablative HSCT versus cyclophosphamide; selective myeloablative HSCT versus cyclophosphamide; non-selective non-myeloablative HSCT versus cyclophosphamide).

Novel Strategies for Managing Retropharyngeal Lymph Node Metastases in Head and Neck and Thyroid Cancer with Transoral Robotic Surgery (TORS).

Retropharyngeal metastases are encountered in a variety of head and neck malignancies, imposing significant surgical challenges owing to their distinct location and proximity to neurovascular structures. Radiotherapy is the recommended treatment in most cases owing to its oncological efficacy. However, retropharyngeal irradiation affects the superior pharyngeal constrictor muscles and parotid glands, with the potential for long-term dysphagia and xerostomia.

Management of Aggressive Non-Hodgkin Lymphomas in the Pediatric, Adolescent, and Young Adult Population: An Adult vs. Pediatric Perspective.

Non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a broad entity which comprises a number of different types of lymphomatous malignancies. In the pediatric and adolescent population, the type and prognosis of NHL varies by age and gender. In comparison to adults, pediatric and adolescent patients generally have better outcomes following treatment for primary NHL.

Clinical update on COVID-19 for the emergency clinician: Airway and resuscitation.

Introduction: Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has resulted in millions of cases worldwide. As the pandemic has progressed, the understanding of this disease has evolved.

Objective: This narrative review provides emergency clinicians with a focused update of the resuscitation and airway management of COVID-19.

COVID-Associated Avascular Necrosis of the Maxilla-A Rare, New Side Effect of COVID-19.

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to present an interesting, rare case of a patient who experienced avascular necrosis of the maxilla associated with COVID-19 infection.

Methods And Results: Our team retrospectively evaluated this patient's chart after completion of surgical management. The patient is a 72-year-old male who presented to the University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston for surgical management of his infarcted maxilla, which developed as a sequela of infection with COVID-19.

Tricuspid Regurgitation Related Mortality in United States, 1999-2019.

Tricuspid regurgitation (TR) is being increasingly recognized in patient population. We aimed to investigate the long-term mortality due to TR in the United States (US) and demographic disparities in TR-related mortality using "Multiple Cause of Death data" via the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Wide-Ranging On-line Data for Epidemiologic Research datasets, 1999 to 2019. The results from present analysis suggest that TR related deaths in the US may have increased over the last 20 years.

Assessment of oral and overall health parameters using the SillHa Oral Wellness System.

Objective: The study evaluated use of a multipoint saliva analyzer to assess patient wellness in a contemporary dental practice setting.

Study Design: Unstimulated saliva from a diverse 104 patient cohort was analyzed using the SillHa Oral Wellness System. The device measures the following 7 analytes present in the patient's oral rinse: cariogenic bacteria, acidity, buffer capacity, blood, leukocytes, protein, and ammonia.