Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis: The Association Between Newer Generation Antidepressants and Insomnia in Children and Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder.

Objective: To examine the association between newer generation antidepressants and insomnia as an adverse event (AE) in the treatment of children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD).

Method: A systematic search was performed in major databases (inception to August 31, 2023) to retrieve double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the safety of 19 antidepressants in the acute treatment (initial 6 to 12 weeks) of children and adolescents aged ≤ 18 years with MDD (primary analyses). RCTs in anxiety disorders and obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) were retrieved from a recent meta-analysis and included in complementary analyses.

Advancing precision psychiatry and targeted treatments: Insights from immunopsychiatry.

Despite tremendous advancements in neuroscience, there has been limited impact on patient care. Current psychiatric treatments are largely non-specific, and drug development is hindered by outdated, overinclusive diagnostic categories and a "one-size-fits-all" approach. Additionally, mechanisms underlying psychiatric illnesses and their treatments with conventional medications remain poorly understood.

Management of Chronic Post-Endodontic Pain with a Standardized Gabapentin Pyramid Protocol: A Case Series and Clinical Guidelines.

Introduction: Persistent post-endodontic pain following endodontic therapy is a rare but substantial clinical challenge. Mechanisms that mediate peripheral neuropathy and/or central sensitization likely play a pivotal role in its development and chronification. The objective of this case series is to describe a management plan for persistent post-endodontic pain and provide prescription guidelines using a standardized "Gabapentin Pyramid Protocol" for clinical practice.

The ACTION VAD registry: A collective five-year experience.

Background: The Advanced Cardiac Therapies Improving Outcomes Network (ACTION) began in 2018 as a collaborative learning health system committed to improving outcomes in pediatric heart failure, including children and adults with congenital heart disease, supported with ventricular assist devices (VADs). This report describes patient and device characteristics, and outcomes through 1-year post-implant.

Methods: The ACTION VAD registry report was created from data submitted to the ACTION learning network from April 2018 to June 2023.

Artificial Urinary Sphincter Placement Before or After Radiation Therapy: Does Timing of Radiation Impact Surgical Complications and Continence?

Objective: To evaluate the impact of radiation timing on artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) outcomes. AUS is the gold standard treatment for post-prostatectomy incontinence. Radiation history has been associated with worse outcomes, including higher rates of erosion and infection.

Evolving Paradigms in the Treatment of Oligometastatic Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma.

Multiple randomized trials have suggested that the addition of comprehensive metastasis-directed therapy to best systemic therapy improves disease control and survival among patients with oligometastatic disease, even for histologies with a high propensity for rapid spread. Here, we review the growing literature supporting the oligometastatic paradigm in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. We summarize key details from nascent institutional series and reflect on the recently reported phase II randomized EXTEND trial.

The Human Urinary Microbiome and Its Potential Role in Urinary Tract Infections.

After identifying a urinary microbiota, new insights have emerged into how urinary tract infections (UTIs) develop and recur in women. This review explores factors influencing the urinary microbiome, and its role in UTI susceptibility and recurrence. Age, menopausal status, estrogen, and prior UTIs can impact the urinary microbiome significantly, with estrogen promoting predominance of beneficial Lactobacillus species in women.

Cancer-specific mortality after radical prostatectomy versus radiotherapy in incidental prostate cancer.

Introduction: To test for cancer specific mortality (CSM) differences after either radical prostatectomy (RP) or radiotherapy (RT) in incidental prostate cancer (IPCa) patients.

Patients And Methods: Within the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (2004-2015), IPCa patients were identified. Cumulative incidence plots as well as competing risks regression (CRR) models were fitted to address CSM after adjustment for other-cause mortality (OCM).

Lipid Management in US Commercial and Medicare Enrollees with Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease: Treatment Patterns and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Control.

Lipid-lowering therapy (LLT) is the cornerstone for secondary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), yet many patients exhibit low adherence to therapy and fail to achieve low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) goals. This retrospective cohort study used 2 nationally representative administrative closed claims databases (PharMetrics® Plus and Medicare Fee-for-Service [FFS] Research Identifiable Files) to identify commercial (C) and Medicare (M) enrollees with ASCVD between 2014-2019. Patients were stratified by exposure to statin therapy, ezetimibe and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 monoclonal antibodies (PCSK9i mAb) regimens.

Disordered Regions of Condensate-promoting Proteins Have Distinct Molecular Signatures Associated with Cellular Function.

Disordered regions of proteins play crucial roles in cellular functions through diverse mechanisms. Some disordered regions function by promoting the formation of biomolecular condensates through dynamic multivalent interactions. While many have assumed that interactions among these condensate-promoting disordered regions are non-specific, recent studies have shown that distinct sequence compositions and patterning lead to specific condensate compositions associated with cellular function.

Presentation, management and outcomes of ruptured intracranial aneurysms in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Approximately two percent of the world's population are affected by intracranial aneurysms (IAs). This study aimed to evaluate literature regarding presentation, treatment and outcomes of ruptured IAs in Africa.

Methods: A systematic review of the literature using PubMed/MEDLINE, SCOPUS, Web of Science and Google Scholar databases was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Cohort study on the Effect of various nicotine consumption modalities on Mohs surgery complications.

Knowledge on the effect of different nicotine consumption modalities on dermatologic surgical outcomes is limited, with conflicting conclusions. Cigarette smoking is known to adversely affect outcomes, but the impact of other nicotine consumption modalities like cigars, smokeless tobacco, and nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is less understood. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of various nicotine consumption modalities on complication rates after Mohs micrographic surgery (MMS).

Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy leads to better survival outcomes in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Objectives: To evaluate the benefit of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) for patients with high-risk upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) using a large, well-curated multi-institutional database.

Patients And Methods: This study was a multi-institutional retrospective analysis conducted by the UTUC Collaborative Network (UCAN), combining data from 2276 patients with UTUC who underwent radical nephroureterectomy at seven high-volume tertiary care centres in the United States. The UCAN data were analysed to evaluate the impact of response to NAC on survival outcomes in patients with UTUC.

Enhancer regulatory networks globally connect non-coding breast cancer loci to cancer genes.

Background: Genetic studies have associated thousands of enhancers with breast cancer (BC). However, the vast majority have not been functionally characterized. Thus, it remains unclear how BC-associated enhancers contribute to cancer.

Knowledge, attitude and practices regarding vitamin D among adults in Ghana: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Vitamin D deficiency is a major public health concern, affecting approximately half of the world's population, partly due to limited public knowledge about vitamin D sources. However, there is lack of data on awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding vitamin D in high-risk countries like Ghana. We investigated vitamin D awareness, knowledge and its associated factors in the Ghanaian population.

Defective homologous recombination and genomic instability predict increased responsiveness to carbon ion radiotherapy in pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is notably resistant to conventional chemotherapy and radiation treatment. However, clinical trials indicate that carbon ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with concurrent gemcitabine is effective for unresectable locally advanced PDAC. This study aimed to identify patient characteristics predictive of CIRT response.

Consensus and guidelines on diagnosis and management of polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) from the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society (APVRS).

A panel of 21 international experts are formed by the Asia-Pacific Vitreo-retina Society to work out the consensus and guidelines on polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). PCV is a common subtype of neovascular age-related macular degeneration and is more prevalent in Asian populations. Recent advancement in imaging technology allows greater understanding of the disease process of PCV.

A lot of noise about nothing? Speech-to-noise ratios rather than noise predict language outcomes in preschoolers.

It has been proposed that a childhood in a noisy household might lead to poor language skills and slow development of language areas of the brain. Notably, a direct link between noisy households and language development has not been confirmed. Households might have high levels of noise for a range of reasons, including situational (near a large road intersection or airport), family (large families), and cultural (differences in beliefs surrounding noise in the home, including media use).

Derivation and Validation of D-RISK: An Electronic Health Record-Driven Risk Score to Detect Undiagnosed Dysglycemia in Clinical Practice.

Objective: We derive and validate D-RISK, an electronic health record (EHR)-driven risk score to optimize and facilitate screening for undiagnosed dysglycemia (prediabetes + diabetes) in clinical practice.

Research Design And Methods: We used retrospective EHR data (derivation sample) and a prospective diabetes screening study (validation sample) to develop D-RISK. Logistic regression with backward selection was used to predict dysglycemia (HbA1c ≥5.

Collagen turnover during cervical remodeling involves both intracellular and extracellular collagen degradation pathways.

Reproductive success requires accurately timed remodeling of the cervix to orchestrate the maintenance of pregnancy, the process of labor, and birth. Prior work in mice established that a combination of continuous turnover of fibrillar collagen and reduced formation of collagen cross-links allows for the gradual increase in tissue compliance and delivery of the fetus during labor. However, the mechanism for continuous collagen degradation to ensure turnover during cervical remodeling is still unknown.

Electronic health Literacy gaps among adults with diabetes in the United States: Role of socioeconomic and demographic factors.

Background: Digital health technologies hold promises for enhancing healthcare and self-management in diabetes. However, disparities in Electronic Health Literacy (EHL) exist among diabetes populations. This study investigates EHL trends and demographic differences among adults with diabetes in the United States from 2011 to 2018.

Design and validation of cell-based potency assays for frataxin supplementation treatments.

Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) is a multisystem, autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the frataxin () gene. As FRDA is considered an FXN deficiency disorder, numerous therapeutic approaches in development or clinical trials aim to supplement FXN or restore endogenous expression. These include gene therapy, protein supplementation, genome editing or upregulation of transcription.