Early corticosterone increases vocal complexity in a wild parrot: An organizational role of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in vocal learning?

The neuroendocrinology of vocal learning is exceptionally well known in passerine songbirds. Despite huge life history, genetic and ecological variation across passerines, song learning tends to occur as a result of rises in gonadal and non-gonadal sex steroids that shape telencephalic vocal control circuits and song. Parrots are closely related but independently evolved different cerebral circuits for vocal repertoire acquisition in both sexes that serve a broader suite of social functions and do not appear to be shaped by early androgens or estrogens; instead, parrots begin a plastic phase in vocal development at an earlier life history stage that favors the growth, maturation, and survival functions of corticosteroids.

Human alveolar lining fluid from the elderly promotes Mycobacterium tuberculosis intracellular growth and translocation into the cytosol of alveolar epithelial cells.

The elderly population is highly susceptible to developing respiratory diseases, including tuberculosis, a devastating disease caused by the airborne pathogen Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) that kills one person every 18 seconds. Once M.

New prospects of environmental RNA metabarcoding research in biological diversity, ecotoxicological monitoring, and detection of COVID-19: a critical review.

Ecosystems are multifaceted and complex systems and understanding their composition is crucial for the implementation of efficient conservation and management. Conventional approaches to biodiversity surveys can have limitations in detecting the complete range of species present. In contrast, the study of environmental RNA (eRNA) offers a non-invasive and comprehensive method for monitoring and evaluating biodiversity across different ecosystems.

A sound mind in a sound body: a novel concept unravelling heterogeneity of depression.

Depression is a highly prevalent and debilitating condition, yet we still lack both in-depth knowledge concerning its etiopathology and sufficiently efficacious treatment options. With approximately one third of patients resistant to currently available antidepressants there is a pressing need for a better understanding of depression, identifying subgroups within the highly heterogeneous illness category and to understand the divergent underlying biology of such subtypes, to help develop and personalise treatments. The TRAJECTOME project aims to address such challenges by (1) identifying depression-related multimorbidity subgroups and shared molecular pathways based on temporal disease profiles from healthcare systems and biobank data using machine learning approaches, and by (2) characterising these subgroups from multiple aspects including genetic variants, metabolic processes, lifestyle and environmental factors.

Thrombectomy With the pRESET vs Solitaire Stent Retrievers as First-Line Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke Treatment: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Stent retriever-based thrombectomy is highly beneficial in large vessel occlusion (LVO) strokes. Many stent retriever designs are currently available, but comparison of these technologies in well-conducted studies is lacking.

Objective: To determine whether thrombectomy for LVO stroke with the pRESET stent retriever is noninferior to treatment with the Solitaire stent retriever.

Safety and Immunogenicity of an Muscle Electroporation Delivery System for DNA- Tuberculosis Vaccine in Cynomolgus Monkeys.

A Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is still the only licensed vaccine for the prevention of tuberculosis, providing limited protection against Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection in adulthood. New advances in the delivery of DNA vaccines by electroporation have been made in the past decade. We evaluated the safety and immunogenicity of the DNA-hsp65 vaccine administered by intramuscular electroporation (EP) in cynomolgus macaques.

Chronic jet lag alters gut microbiome and mycobiome and promotes the progression of MAFLD in HFHFD-fed mice.

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease worldwide. Circadian disruptors, such as chronic jet lag (CJ), may be new risk factors for MAFLD development. However, the roles of CJ on MAFLD are insufficiently understood, with mechanisms remaining elusive.

Evaluation of a Targeted COVID-19 Community Outreach Intervention: Case Report for Precision Public Health.

Background: Cameron County, a low-income south Texas-Mexico border county marked by severe health disparities, was consistently among the top counties with the highest COVID-19 mortality in Texas at the onset of the pandemic. The disparity in COVID-19 burden within Texas counties revealed the need for effective interventions to address the specific needs of local health departments and their communities. Publicly available COVID-19 surveillance data were not sufficiently timely or granular to deliver such targeted interventions.

Racial differences in the effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on trail making test B in Alzheimer's disease: A longitudinal study.

Objectives: The trail making test part B (TMT-B) evaluates executive functions, memory, and sensorimotor functions. No previous study was found to examine the longitudinal effect of APOE-ε4 genotypes on the TMT-B scores in Alzheimer's disease (AD) across racial groups.

Methods: This study used the data from Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI): 382 participants with AD, 503 with cognitive normal (CN), 1293 with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) at baseline and follow-up of four years.

Frailty index in the Colonias of the Rio Grande Valley: health related quality of life and resilience.

Background: Frailty is characterized by an accumulation of deficits that lead to vulnerability to adverse health outcomes. The Frailty Index (FI) quantifies frailty by measuring deficits that increase susceptibility to stressors. This study focused on a population of Mexican Americans living in vulnerable communities in the Rio Grande Valley of south Texas.

Snake venom cysteine-rich secretory protein from Mojave rattlesnake venom (Css-CRiSP) induces acute inflammatory responses on different experimental models.

Snake venoms contain various molecules known for activating innate immunity and causing local effects associated with increased vascular permeability, such as vascular leakage and edema, common symptoms seen in snakebite envenomings. We have demonstrated that snake venom cysteine-rich secretory proteins (svCRiSPs) from North American pit vipers increase vascular permeability. This study aimed to explore the functional role of CRiSP isolated from Mojave rattlesnake () venom (Css-CRiSP) on the activation of inflammatory responses in different models.

Metformin alleviates hepatic iron overload and ferroptosis through AMPK-ferroportin pathway in HFD-induced NAFLD.

Metformin prevents progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, the potential mechanism is not entirely understood. Ferroptosis, a recently recognized nonapoptotic form of regulated cell death, has been reported to be involved in the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

Widespread, depth-dependent cortical microstructure alterations in pediatric focal epilepsy.

Objective: Tissue abnormalities in focal epilepsy may extend beyond the presumed focus. The underlying pathophysiology of these broader changes is unclear, and it is not known whether they result from ongoing disease processes or treatment-related side effects, or whether they emerge earlier. Few studies have focused on the period of onset for most focal epilepsies, childhood.

Corrigendum: Application of implementation mapping to develop strategies for integrating the National Diabetes Prevention Program into primary care clinics.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.

Riemannian frameworks for the harmonization of resting-state functional MRI scans.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides unprecedented images of the brain. Unfortunately, scanners and acquisition protocols can significantly impact MRI scans. The development of statistical methods able to reduce this variability without altering the relevant information in the scans, often coined harmonization methods, has been the topic of an increasing research effort supported by the recent growth of publicly available neuroimaging data sets and new possibilities for combining them to achieve greater statistical power.

Type 2 Diabetes Modifies the Association of CAD Genomic Risk Variants With Subclinical Atherosclerosis.

Background: Individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D) have an increased risk of coronary artery disease (CAD), but questions remain about the underlying pathology. Identifying which CAD loci are modified by T2D in the development of subclinical atherosclerosis (coronary artery calcification [CAC], carotid intima-media thickness, or carotid plaque) may improve our understanding of the mechanisms leading to the increased CAD in T2D.

Methods: We compared the common and rare variant associations of known CAD loci from the literature on CAC, carotid intima-media thickness, and carotid plaque in up to 29 670 participants, including up to 24 157 normoglycemic controls and 5513 T2D cases leveraging whole-genome sequencing data from the Trans-Omics for Precision Medicine program.

Community Exercise Program Participation and Mental Well-Being in the U.S. Texas-Mexico Border Region.

Hispanics are disproportionately affected by low rates of physical activity and high rates of chronic diseases. Hispanics generally and Mexican Americans specifically are underrepresented in research on physical activity and its impact on mental well-being. Some community-based interventions have been effective in increasing physical activity among Hispanics.

The Relevance of Arterial Blood Pressure in the Management of Glaucoma Progression: A Systematic Review.

Background: Glaucoma is one of the leading causes of global blindness and is expected to co-occur more frequently with vascular morbidities in the upcoming years, as both are aging-related diseases. Yet, the pathogenesis of glaucoma is not entirely elucidated and the interplay between intraocular pressure, arterial blood pressure (BP) and ocular perfusion pressure is poorly understood.

Objectives: This systematic review aims to provide clinicians with the latest literature regarding the management of arterial BP in glaucoma patients.

Adam, amigo, brain, and K channel.

Voltage-dependent K (Kv) channels are diverse, comprising the classical  - Kv2,  - Kv1,  - Kv4, and  - Kv3 families. The family alone consists of Kv1.1, Kv1.

Functional characterization of the disease-associated rs1024611G-rs13900T haplotype: The role of the RNA-binding protein HuR.

CC-chemokine ligand 2 (CCL2) is involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases associated with monocyte/macrophage recruitment, such as HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder (HAND), tuberculosis, and atherosclerosis. The rs1024611 (alleles:A>G; G is the risk allele) polymorphism in the -regulatory region is associated with increased CCL2 expression in vitro and ex vivo, leukocyte mobilization in vivo, and deleterious disease outcomes. However, the molecular basis for the rs1024611-associated differential CCL2 expression remains poorly characterized.

Postmortem Brain Imaging in Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias: The South Texas Alzheimer's Disease Research Center Repository.

Background: Neuroimaging bears the promise of providing new biomarkers that could refine the diagnosis of dementia. Still, obtaining the pathology data required to validate the relationship between neuroimaging markers and neurological changes is challenging. Existing data repositories are focused on a single pathology, are too small, or do not precisely match neuroimaging and pathology findings.