Complementary Circuits with WSe/Organic Semiconductor Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors.

A device architecture based on heterostructure WSe/organic semiconductor field-effect transistors (FETs) is demonstrated in which ambipolar conduction is virtually eliminated, resulting in essentially unipolar FETs realized from an ambipolar semiconductor. For p-channel FETs, an electron-accepting organic semiconductor such as hexadecafluorocopperphthalocyanine (FCuPc) is used to form a heterolayer on top of WSe to effectively trap any undesirable electron currents. For n-channel FETs, a hole-accepting organic semiconductor such as pentacene is used to reduce the hole currents without affecting the electron currents.

Transcription factor EB (TFEB) activity increases resistance of TNBC stem cells to metabolic stress.

Breast cancer stem cells (CSCs) are difficult to therapeutically target, but continued efforts are critical given their contribution to tumor heterogeneity and treatment resistance in triple-negative breast cancer. CSC properties are influenced by metabolic stress, but specific mechanisms are lacking for effective drug intervention. Our previous work on TFEB suggested a key function in CSC metabolism.

Twenty-four-hour pattern of children with febrile seizures presenting to a United States Pediatric Emergency Department.

Background: Febrile seizure (FS) is the most common convulsive disorder in children. Understanding its time-of-day pattern can provide insight into mechanisms and prevention.

Purpose: We explored clock-time variation of FS presentations of children to a US pediatric emergency department (PED) in comparison to two control cohorts: one (n = 5719) like-aged children presenting solely with fever, i.

Directed evolution of an orthogonal transcription engine for programmable gene expression in eukaryotes.

T7 RNA polymerase (RNAP) has enabled orthogonal control of gene expression and recombinant protein production across diverse prokaryotic host chassis organisms for decades. However, the absence of 5' methyl guanosine caps on T7 RNAP-derived transcripts has severely limited its utility and widespread adoption in eukaryotic systems. To address this shortcoming, we evolved a fusion enzyme combining T7 RNAP with the single subunit capping enzyme from African swine fever virus using .

The Albright-Losee Low Profile Pivot Shift Test for ACL Deficiency.

Background: Recognizing ACL injuries on the field and in the office can be very challenging in awake and apprehensive patients. Despite high specificity, many published "pivot-shift" techniques have limited acceptance mainly because of unsatisfactory sensitivity. We describe in detail, four specific modifications and provide a critical review of our clinical experiences to empower the new user's readiness to master a novel screening procedure for ACL disruption.

Conducting 24-hour movement behaviour research with preschool children in middle-income countries: Lessons from the SUNRISE pilot study in Mexico.

Objectives: Movement behaviour research among preschoolers is nascent in low- and middle-income countries, where levels of physical activity, sleep, and sedentary behaviour in children are largely unknown. This study aimed to adapt and assess the acceptability and feasibility of the International Study of Movement Behaviours in the Early Years (SUNRISE) in Mexico, and report on challenges and solutions while implementing the protocol.

Study Design: Pilot study of the SUNRISE protocol in Mexico.

Optimal size and PEG coating of gold nanoparticles for prolonged blood circulation: a statistical analysis of published data.

This study presents a statistical analysis of how gold nanoparticle (GNP) size and polyethylene glycol (PEG) coating molecular weight (MW) affect the circulation of nanoparticles in blood. We showed a non-linear relationship with interaction between GNP size and PEG MW. The findings revealed a threshold effect, and recommendations for GNP coating are discussed.

Combining Fourier Transform Ion Mobility with Charge Detection Mass Spectrometry for the Analysis of Multimeric Protein Complexes.

Charge detection mass spectrometry (CDMS) allows direct mass measurement of heterogeneous samples by simultaneously determining the charge state and the mass-to-charge ratio (/) of individual ions, unlike conventional MS methods that use large ensembles of ions. CDMS typically requires long acquisition times and the collection of thousands of spectra, each containing tens to hundreds of ions, to generate sufficient ion statistics, making it difficult to interface with the time scales of online separation techniques such as ion mobility. Here, we demonstrate the application of Fourier transform multiplexing and drift tube ion mobility joined with Orbitrap-based CDMS for the analysis of multimeric protein complexes.

Injectable ionic hydrogel conductors: Advancing material design to transform cardiac pacing.

Direct pacing of the mid myocardium where re-entry originates can be used to prevent ventricular arrhythmias and circumvent the need for painful defibrillation or cardiac ablation. However, there are no pacing electrodes small enough to navigate the coronary veins that cross these culprit scar regions. To address this need, we have developed an injectable ionically conductive hydrogel electrode that can fill the epicardial coronary veins and transform them into flexible electrodes.

Single-cell phenotyping of extracellular electron transfer via microdroplet encapsulation.

Electroactive organisms contribute to metal cycling, pollutant removal, and other redox-driven environmental processes via extracellular electron transfer (EET). Unfortunately, developing genotype-phenotype relationships for electroactive organisms is challenging because EET is necessarily removed from the cell of origin. Microdroplet emulsions, which encapsulate individual cells in aqueous droplets, have been used to study a variety of extracellular phenotypes but have not been applied to investigate EET.

Rational Electrolyte Design for Elevated-Temperature and Thermally Stable Lithium-Ion Batteries with Nickel-Rich Cathodes.

As the energy density of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) increases, the shortened cycle life and the increased safety hazards of LIBs are drawing increasing concerns. To address such challenges, a series of localized high-concentration electrolytes (LHCEs) based on a solvating-solvent mixture of tetramethylene sulfone and trimethyl phosphate and a high flash-point diluent 1H,1H,5H-octafluoropentyl 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl ether were designed. The LHCEs exhibited nonflammability and greatly suppressed heat release at elevated temperatures, which would potentially improve the safety performance of the LIBs.

Shape Anisotropy-Dependent Leaking in Magnetic Neurons for Bio-Mimetic Neuromorphic Computing.

Spiking neural networks seek to emulate biological computation through interconnected artificial neuron and synapse devices. Spintronic neurons can leverage magnetization physics to mimic biological neuron functions, such as integration tied to magnetic domain wall (DW) propagation in a patterned nanotrack and firing tied to the resistance change of a magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), captured in the domain wall-magnetic tunnel junction (DW-MTJ) device. Leaking, relaxation of a neuron when it is not under stimulation, is also predicted to be implemented based on DW drift as a DW relaxes to a low energy position, but it has not been well explored or demonstrated in device prototypes.

A universal framework for design and manufacture of deterministic lateral displacement chips.

Despite being a high-resolution separation technique, deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) technology is facing multiple challenges with regard to design, manufacture, and operation of pertinent devices. This work specifically aims at alleviating difficulties associated with design and manufacture of DLD chips. The process of design and production of computer-aided design (CAD) mask layout files that are typically required for computational modeling analysis, optimization, as well as for manufacturing DLD-based micro/nanofluidic chips is complex, time-consuming, and often necessitates a high level of expertise in the field.

Impact of alternative diagnostic labels for melanoma in situ on management choices and psychological outcomes: protocol for an online randomised study.

Introduction: A diagnosis of melanoma in situ presents negligible risk to a person's lifespan or physical well-being, but existing terminology makes it difficult for patients to distinguish these from higher risk invasive melanomas. This study aims to explore whether using an alternative label for melanoma in situ may influence patients' management choices and anxiety levels.

Methods And Analysis: This study is a between-subjects randomised online experiment, using hypothetical scenarios.

Personalized μ-transcranial alternating current stimulation improves online brain-computer interface control.

Objective: A motor imagery (MI)-based brain-computer interface (BCI) enables users to engage with external environments by capturing and decoding electroencephalography (EEG) signals associated with the imagined movement of specific limbs. Despite significant advancements in BCI technologies over the past 40 years, a notable challenge remains: many users lack BCI proficiency, unable to produce sufficiently distinct and reliable MI brain patterns, hence leading to low classification rates in their BCIs. The objective of this study is to enhance the online performance of MI-BCIs in a personalized, biomarker-driven approach using transcranial alternating current stimulation (tACS).

Rapid changes in plasma corticosterone and medial amygdala transcriptome profiles during social status change reveal molecular pathways associated with a major life history transition in mouse dominance hierarchies.

Social hierarchies are a common form of social organization across species. Although hierarchies are largely stable across time, animals may socially ascend or descend within hierarchies depending on environmental and social challenges. Here, we develop a novel paradigm to study social ascent and descent within male CD-1 mouse social hierarchies.

Overcoming the Conductance versus Crossover Trade-off in State-of-the-Art Proton Exchange Fuel-Cell Membranes by Incorporating Atomically Thin Chemical Vapor Deposition Graphene.

Permeance-selectivity trade-offs are inherent to polymeric membranes. In fuel cells, thinner proton exchange membranes (PEMs) could enable higher proton conductance and increased power density with lower area-specific resistance (ASR), smaller ohmic losses, and lower ionomer cost. However, reducing thickness is accompanied by an increase in undesired species crossover harming performance and long-term efficiency.

Modeling tumor dynamics and predicting response to chemo-, targeted-, and immune-therapies in a murine model of pancreatic cancer.

We seek to establish a parsimonious mathematical framework for understanding the interaction and dynamics of the response of pancreatic cancer to the NGC triple chemotherapy regimen (mNab-paclitaxel, gemcitabine, and cisplatin), stromal-targeting drugs (calcipotriol and losartan), and an immune checkpoint inhibitor (anti-PD-L1). We developed a set of ordinary differential equations describing changes in tumor size (growth and regression) under the influence of five cocktails of treatments. Model calibration relies on three tumor volume measurements obtained over a 14-day period in a genetically engineered pancreatic cancer model (KrasLSLG12D-Trp53LSLR172H-Pdx1-Cre).

Extensive Admixture Among Karst-Obligate Salamanders Reveals Evidence of Recent Divergence and Gene Exchange Through Aquifers.

Karst ecosystems often contain extraordinary biodiversity, but the complex underground aquifers of karst regions present challenges for assessing and conserving stygobiont diversity and investigating their evolutionary history. We examined the karst-obligate salamanders of the species complex in the Edwards Plateau region of central Texas using population genomics data to address questions about population connectivity and the potential for gene exchange within the underlying aquifer system. The species complex has historically been divided into three nominal species, but their status, and spatial extent of species ranges, have remained uncertain.

Is calcification integral to enthesopathy and tendinopathy rather than a separate disease process?

Background: The pathophysiology of enthesopathy and tendinopathy is mucoid degeneration, which includes chondroid metaplasia. The chondroid metaplasia can be associated with calcification. Inflammation is typically absent unless calcification triggers a self-limited immune response representing acute calcific tendinitis.

Causal Estimands and Multiply Robust Estimation of Mediated-Moderation.

When studying effect heterogeneity between different subgroups (i.e., moderation), researchers are frequently interested in the mediation mechanisms underlying the heterogeneity, that is, the mediated moderation.

Early diagnostics of fibromyalgia: an overview of the challenges and opportunities.

Introduction: Fibromyalgia is a common pain disorder with features of widespread musculoskeletal pain, fatigue, disrupted sleep, cognitive dysfunction, autonomic dysfunction, and mood disorders. Despite its high prevalence and significant impact on quality of life, the diagnosis and management of fibromyalgia remain challenging. Advancements in classification and diagnostics in broad areas have improved our understanding and treatment approach for this condition.