Alternating magnetic fields (AMF) and linezolid reduce Staphylococcus aureus biofilm in a large animal implant model.

Objectives: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of alternating magnetic fields (AMF) combined with antibiotics in reducing Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on metal implants in a large animal model, compared to antibiotics alone.

Methods: Metal plates were inoculated with a clinical MRSA strain and then implanted into thirty-three ewes divided into three groups: positive control, linezolid only, and a combination of linezolid and AMF. Animals had either titanium or cobalt-chrome plates and were sacrificed at 5 or 21 days post-implantation.

Nucleic Acid Therapy for the Skin.

Advances in sequencing technologies have facilitated the identification of the genes and mechanisms for many inherited skin diseases. Although targeted nucleic acid therapeutics for diseases in other organs have begun to be deployed in patients, the goal of precise therapeutics for skin diseases has not yet been realized. First, we review the current and emerging nucleic acid-based gene-editing and delivery modalities.

Focal therapy for oligometastatic and oligoprogressive renal cell carcinoma: a narrative review.

Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) can present with oligometastatic disease and/or develop oligoprogression following systemic therapy. Cytoreductive and focal metastasis-directed therapy options include resection, stereotactic ablative radiation and thermal ablation. Aggressive focal therapy may allow delay in initiation of or modification to systemic therapy and improve clinical outcomes.

Validation of 3D cryoEM single particle reconstruction correctness and handedness with Ewald's sphere correction.

The correct description of quantum scattering places the observed scattering contributions on the Ewald's sphere and its Friedel mate. In electron microscopy, due to the large radius of the Ewald's sphere, these contributions are typically merged during data analysis. We present an approach that separates and factorizes these contributions into inversion-symmetric and inversion-antisymmetric components.

Electronic Health Record Alert With Heart Failure Risk and Sodium Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitor Prescriptions in Diabetes: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2i) prevent heart failure (HF) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) but prescription rates are low. The effect of an electronic health record (EHR) alert notifying providers of patients' estimated risk of developing HF on SGTL2i prescriptions is unknown.

Methods: This was a pragmatic, randomized clinical trial that compared an EHR alert and usual care among patients with T2DM and no history of HF or SGLT2i use at a single center.

Choroid plexus enlargement correlates with periventricular pathology but not with disease activity in radiologically isolated syndrome.

Background: Choroid plexus (ChP) enlargement is an emerging radiological biomarker in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objectives: This study aims to assess ChP volume in a large cohort of patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) versus healthy controls (HC) and explore its relationship with other brain volumes, disease activity, and biological markers.

Methods: RIS individuals were included retrospectively and compared with HC.

Effect of interface dead space on the time taken to achieve changes in set FiO during T-piece ventilation: is face mask the optimal interface for neonatal stabilisation?

Background: T-piece is recommended for respiratory support during neonatal stabilisation. Bench studies have shown a delay >30 s in achieving changes in fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) at the airway when using the T-piece. Using a face mask adds dead space (DS) to the patient airway.

Deep learning-based statistical robustness evaluation of intensity-modulated proton therapy for head and neck cancer.

. Previous methods for robustness evaluation rely on dose calculation for a number of uncertainty scenarios, which either fails to provide statistical meaning when the number is too small (e.g.

Drug-Drug Interactions and the Clinical Tolerability of Colchicine Among Patients With COVID-19: A Secondary Analysis of the COLCORONA Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Colchicine has many drug-drug interactions with commonly prescribed medications. Only pharmacokinetic studies have provided data on colchicine drug-drug interactions.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical tolerability of colchicine according to the presence or absence of a drug-drug interaction.

The evolving world of the urinary microbiome.

Purpose Of Review: The existence of urinary microbiome in healthy individuals is now widely accepted as the longstanding belief in urinary tract sterility was disproved over a decade ago. The urinary microbiome has since been implicated in multiple urologic conditions including urinary tract infection (UTI), urinary incontinence, and bladder cancer. This review relays new findings of urinary microbiome compositional changes associated with aging and UTI susceptibility.

Assessment of Distinct Gut Microbiome Signatures in a Diverse Cohort of Patients Undergoing Definitive Treatment for Rectal Cancer.

Introduction: Disparities in incidence and outcome of rectal cancer are multifactorial in etiology but may be due, in part, to differences in gut microbiome composition. We used serial robust statistical approaches to assess baseline gut microbiome composition in a diverse cohort of patients with rectal cancer receiving definitive treatment.

Methods: Microbiome composition was compared by age at diagnosis (< 50 vs ≥ 50 years), race and ethnicity (White Hispanic vs non-Hispanic), and response to therapy.

Implementation of an Opt-Out Outpatient HIV Screening Program.

Background: Screening rates for Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) remain low despite guidelines by both the CDC and USPSTF recommending that all adolescents and adults be screened at least once. The aim of this quality improvement study was to increase HIV screening among eligible patients.

Methods: This quality improvement study assessed the impact of interventions to increase HIV screening in an outpatient population at a large urban safety-net hospital.

Multiple sclerosis in Somali Americans: Nature or nurture?

Background: Differences in the MS course between White and Black populations is well accepted. The existence of a large Somali immigrant population in Minnesota facilitates a study of MS characteristics in this immigrant native African population. The objective of this study was to compare Somali American (SA), African American (AA), and White American (WA) persons with MS (pwMS) regarding clinical features and disease modifying therapy (DMT) use.

Fishy story: paradoxical reaction associated with .

Paradoxical reactions occur when an infection has acute worsening in response to antibiotic therapy. Here, we describe a patient with chronic cutaneous ulcerative lymphangitis that acutely worsened following initiation of antibiotic therapy. The infection was caused by , a species which has not previously been associated with paradoxical reaction in immunocompetent persons.

Pediatric Patients with Postburn Amputations Report Worse Long-term Physical Function but Not Self-Appearance: A Burn Model System Study.

Some severe burn injuries may warrant amputation; however, the physical and functional adjustments resulting from postburn amputation can have long-term consequences. This study investigates longitudinal functional and psychosocial outcomes among pediatric burn amputees. Pediatric participants enrolled in the Burn Model System national longitudinal, multicenter database between 2015 and 2023 with postburn amputations were included.

Solvent organization in the ultrahigh-resolution crystal structure of crambin at room temperature.

Ultrahigh-resolution structures provide unprecedented details about protein dynamics, hydrogen bonding and solvent networks. The reported 0.70 Å, room-temperature crystal structure of crambin is the highest-resolution ambient-temperature structure of a protein achieved to date.

Quantification of Dosimetry Improvement With or Without Patient Surface Guidance.

Purpose: Noncoplanar beams and arcs are routinely used to improve dosimetry for intracranial cases, but their application for extracranial cases has been hampered by the risk of collision. This has led to conservative beam selection whose impact on plan dosimetry has not been previously studied.

Methods And Materials: A full-body 3-dimensional patient surface was acquired using optical cameras for a single lung patient at the time of computed tomography simulation.

T2-fluid attenuated inversion recovery fat-suppressed mismatch in the identification and characterization of lesions related to radiologically isolated syndrome.

The radiologically isolated syndrome is defined by the presence of incidentally identified T2-weighted hyperintense lesions, highly suggestive of central nervous system demyelination, following an MRI study that is performed for reasons other than for the investigation of symptoms related to multiple sclerosis (MS). These individuals also have no evidence of prior neurological symptoms associated with inflammatory demyelination and no alternative explanation for the observed MRI findings. Recently, the introduction of novel imaging techniques such as the "central vein sign" has improved lesion specificity for MS.

Identification of FDA-approved drugs that induce heart regeneration in mammals.

Targeting Meis1 and Hoxb13 transcriptional activity could be a viable therapeutic strategy for heart regeneration. In this study, we performd an in silico screening to identify FDA-approved drugs that can inhibit Meis1 and Hoxb13 transcriptional activity based on the resolved crystal structure of Meis1 and Hoxb13 bound to DNA. Paromomycin (Paro) and neomycin (Neo) induced proliferation of neonatal rat ventricular myocytes in vitro and displayed dose-dependent inhibition of Meis1 and Hoxb13 transcriptional activity by luciferase assay and disruption of DNA binding by electromobility shift assay.