Cryptosporidiosis in children.

Cryptosporidiosis is an important enteric parasitic infection that is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, especially among individuals who are immunosuppressed and infants and children in the developing world. The seroprevalence of this pathogen is high worldwide, suggesting that exposure occurs commonly. The routes of Cryptosporidium spp.

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli as cause of diarrhea among Mexican adults and US travelers in Mexico.

Background: Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is the most common pathogen identified in travelers to Mexico with diarrhea. There have been few recent studies looking at the etiology of diarrhea in travelers compared with the local resident population.

Methods: We compared enteric pathogens isolated in two populations experiencing acute diarrhea acquired in Guadalajara, Mexico and also compared clinical illness caused by the principal pathogen, ETEC.

Serum and Intestinal Antitoxin Antibody Responses after Immunization with the Whole-Cell/Recombinant B Subunit (WC/rBS) Oral Cholera Vaccine in North American and Mexican Volunteers.

Background: Immune protection against cholera infection is probably mediated in part by locally produced, intestinal secretory IgA (sIgA) antibodies. We study the kinetics of intestinal (sIgA) and systemic (serum IgG) antitoxin antibody responses after immunization with whole-cell/recombinant B subunit oral cholera vaccine (WC/rBS) in U.S.

Epidemiologic Observations on Diarrhea Developing in U.S. and Mexican Students Living in Guadalajara, Mexico.

Background: A previous study suggested that U.S. students who lived in Mexico for 1 year had a risk of diarrhea intermediate between the rate for newly arrived U.

Effect of Storage Time and Temperature on Fecal Leukocytes and Occult Blood in the Evaluation of Travelers' Diarrhea.

Both the presence of fecal leukocytes and occult blood in stool specimens of travelers with diarrhea have been used as indicators of colonic inflammation due to bacterial infection. This study was conducted to determine if storage temperature of stool specimens can affect the detection of leukocytes and occult blood. Sixteen specimens positive for occult blood and 23 specimens positive for leukocytes were divided into two aliquots.

Diarrhoeal disease: current concepts and future challenges. Antimicrobial therapy and prophylaxis.

Empirical antimicrobial therapy is indicated in patients with diarrhoea who have high fever and systemic toxicity, dysenteric disease, or travellers' diarrhoea. Antimicrobials are essential for those with severe shigellosis and amoebiasis. They are useful or possibly useful for other forms of diarrhoeal disease including amoebiasis (milder forms), campylobacteriosis, cholera, giardiasis, shigellosis, and diarrhoea due to a variety of other laboratory-defined bacterial enteropathogens.

Travellers' diarrhoea. Which antimicrobial?

For those who venture from highly industrialised areas to developing tropical and semitropical areas, the chance of developing diarrhoea is about 40%. In most cases a bacterial pathogen is responsible for the illness. The antimicrobial agents with the greatest activity against these organisms are cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole) during the summer months in the interior of Mexico (a region where this agent has been studied extensively), and the fluoroquinolones for other places or other times, until data become available to indicate the appropriateness of cotrimoxazole here as well.