Economic Disadvantage During Childhood, Obesity, and Diabetes Across Three Birth Cohorts of Older Mexicans.

Objectives: Diabetes prevalence has increased markedly in Mexico. We examined the individual and joint contributions of economic disadvantage during childhood (EDDC) and elevated body weight on diabetes prevalence in 3 cohorts of Mexican adults.

Methods: Data on those 60-69 years old from the 1930-1939, 1940-1949, and 1950-1959 birth cohorts in Waves 1 (2001), 3 (2012), and 5 (2018) of the Mexican Health and Aging Study were used.

Nine Mile phase I primary infection derived protective immunity against C. reinfection in mice depends on both B and T cells, but T cells play a critical role.

is an obligate intracellular Gram-negative bacterium that causes acute and chronic Q fever in humans. Acute Q fever is usually a flu-like, self-limiting or treatable illness, but some infections can turn into a severe and sometimes fatal chronic disease. There is currently no FDA-approved vaccine available for the prevention of human Q fever in the US, development of a safe and effective vaccine for the prevention of human Q fever remains an important goal for public health.

Secondary cutaneous malignancy after treatment of basal cell carcinoma with hedgehog pathway inhibitor: a systematic review.

Several studies have been published describing development of cutaneous malignancy after vismodegib therapy; no systematic review has been conducted to interpret these data. Our objective was to systemically review reported cases of same-site or different-site cutaneous malignancy after smoothened inhibitor (SMOi) therapy for primary basal cell carcinoma (BCC). PubMed, CINAHL, and Scopus were systematically searched January 1, 2012 - March 28, 2024.

Roles in Innate Immunity.

Microglia are best known as the resident phagocytes of the central nervous system (CNS). As a resident brain immune cell population, microglia play key roles during the initiation, propagation, and resolution of inflammation. The discovery of resident adaptive immune cells in the CNS has unveiled a relationship between microglia and adaptive immune cells for CNS immune-surveillance during health and disease.

Endoscopic Advances in the Diagnosis and Management of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease.

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common diseases that occurs secondary to failure of the antireflux barrier system, resulting in the frequent and abnormal reflux of gastric contents to the esophagus. GERD is diagnosed in routine clinical practice based on the classic symptoms of heartburn and regurgitation. However, a subset of patients with atypical symptoms can pose challenges in diagnosing GERD.

NSD2 drives t(4;14) myeloma cell dependence on adenylate kinase 2 by diverting one-carbon metabolism to the epigenome.

Chromosomal translocation (4;14), an adverse prognostic factor in multiple myeloma (MM), drives overexpression of the histone methyltransferase nuclear receptor binding SET domain protein 2 (NSD2). A genome-wide CRISPR screen in MM cells identified adenylate kinase 2 (AK2), an enzyme critical for high-energy phosphate transfer from the mitochondria, as an NSD2-driven vulnerability. AK2 suppression in t(4;14) MM cells decreased nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP[H]) critical for conversion of ribonucleotides to deoxyribonucleosides, leading to replication stress, DNA damage, and apoptosis.

Genome-wide association study identifies high-impact susceptibility loci for HCC in North America.

Background And Aims: Despite the substantial impact of environmental factors, individuals with a family history of liver cancer have an increased risk for HCC. However, genetic factors have not been studied systematically by genome-wide approaches in large numbers of individuals from European descent populations (EDP).

Approach And Results: We conducted a 2-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) on HCC not affected by HBV infections.

A high burden of diabetes and ankle brachial index abnormalities exists in Mexican Americans in South Texas.

Ethnic differences exist in the United States in the interrelated problems of diabetes (DM), peripheral arterial disease (PAD), and leg amputations. The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factor associations for subclinical PAD in a population sample of Mexican Americans using the ankle brachial (ABI) index. The ABI-High (higher of the two ankle pressures/highest brachial pressure) and ABI-Low (lower of the two ankle pressures/highest brachial pressure) were calculated to define PAD.

Cellular Responses to Widespread DNA Replication Stress.

Replicative DNA polymerases are blocked by nearly all types of DNA damage. The resulting DNA replication stress threatens genome stability. DNA replication stress is also caused by depletion of nucleotide pools, DNA polymerase inhibitors, and DNA sequences or structures that are difficult to replicate.

TATDN2 resolution of R-loops is required for survival of BRCA1-mutant cancer cells.

BRCA1-deficient cells have increased IRE1 RNase, which degrades multiple microRNAs. Reconstituting expression of one of these, miR-4638-5p, resulted in synthetic lethality in BRCA1-deficient cancer cells. We found that miR-4638-5p represses expression of TATDN2, a poorly characterized member of the TATD nuclease family.

MiR-223-3p promotes genomic stability of hematopoietic progenitors after radiation.

When hematopoietic cells are overwhelmed with ionizing radiation (IR) DNA damage, the alternative non-homologous end-joining (aNHEJ) repair pathway is activated to repair stressed replication forks. While aNHEJ can rescue cells overwhelmed with DNA damage, it can also mediate chromosomal deletions and fusions, which can cause mis-segregation in mitosis and resultant aneuploidy. We previously reported that a hematopoietic microRNA, miR-223-3p, normally represses aNHEJ.

Smoking cessation prior to total shoulder arthroplasty: A systematic review of outcomes and complications.

Background: We conducted a review of current literature to examine the effects of smoking and smoking cessation on shoulder arthroplasty surgery.

Methods: A literature search was performed using the search terms "shoulder arthroplasty AND [smoke OR smoking OR tobacco OR nicotine]." Studies included English-language clinical outcomes studies on anatomic total shoulder arthroplasty (TSA), reverse TSA, and partial shoulder arthroplasty with evidence levels 1 through 4.

Implementation of a heart failure educational intervention for patients with recent admissions for acute decompensated heart failure.

Purpose: This study examined whether implementation of a heart failure (HF) education class targeted at patients and their caregivers decreased worsening HF, emergency department (ED) visits and hospital admissions, and improved patient quality of life and confidence in disease state management.

Methods: Patients with HF and a recent hospital admission for acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) were offered an educational course covering HF pathophysiology, medications, diet, and lifestyle modifications. Patients completed surveys before and 30 days after completion of the educational course.

Understanding and Addressing COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy Among Healthcare Providers in Bexar County, Texas.

Introduction: COVID-19 challenged our healthcare systems and unsurprisingly, so did its vaccine. Chief among these were the uniquely politicized nature and logistical difficulties surrounding its deployment. Understanding provider attitudes toward the COVID-19 vaccines and their willingness/ability to deliver them is essential to developing an ideal vaccine distribution plan for Bexar County, Texas.

Preventative Options and the Future of Chemoprevention for Cutaneous Tumors.

Chemoprophylaxis against nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) should be considered in high-risk populations such as those with certain genetic disorders, immunosuppressive states, chronic radiation, excessive UV exposure, or extensive personal or family history of NMSC. The methods for chemoprevention have progressed beyond traditional sunscreen into more effective strategies including DNA repair enzymes, nicotinamide, systemic retinoids, and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Other therapies are still being investigated and include treatments that target premalignant lesions, capecitabine, hedgehog inhibitors, difluoromethylornithine, metformin, and nutritional factors.

Mindfulness-Based Interdisciplinary Pain Management Program for Complex Polymorbid Pain in Veterans: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of interdisciplinary pain management on pain-related disability and opioid reduction in polymorbid pain patients with 2 or more comorbid psychiatric conditions.

Design: Two-arm randomized controlled trial testing a 3-week intervention with assessments at pre-treatment, post-treatment, 6-month, and 12-month follow-up.

Setting: Department of Veterans Affairs medical facility.

Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Veterans With Comorbid Posttraumatic Headache and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Posttraumatic headache is the most disabling complication of mild traumatic brain injury. Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are often comorbid with posttraumatic headache, and there are no established treatments for this comorbidity.

Objective: To compare cognitive behavioral therapies (CBTs) for headache and PTSD with treatment per usual (TPU) for posttraumatic headache attributable to mild traumatic brain injury.

Palmar Venous Malformation: A Case Report of a Rare Occurrence and a Treatment Algorithm.

Palmar venous malformations are not well described in the surgical literature and are a therapeutic challenge due to the intricate anatomy of the hand. We present the case of a 19-year-old right-handed female patient from Mexico who was referred to us with a right palmar lesion present since birth, previously diagnosed as a venous malformation. The patient reported that she had undergone sclerotherapy 10 years before in addition to a prior aborted attempt at excision.

A novel role of snail in regulating tuberin/AMPK pathways to promote renal fibrosis in the new mouse model of type II diabetes.

Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) plays an important role in tissue fibrosis following chronic exposure to hyperglycemia. This study investigates the role of chronic diabetes in regulating tuberin/snail/AMPK to enhance EMT and increase renal fibrosis. A new mouse model of db/db/ was generated by backcrossing db/db mice and mice.

Development and feasibility of a Configurable Assessment Messaging Platform for Interventions (CAMPI).

Introduction: Short message service (SMS) is a widely accepted telecommunications approach used to support health informatics, including behavioral interventions, data collection, and patient-provider communication. However, SMS delivery platforms are not standardized and platforms are typically commercial "off-the-shelf" or developed "in-house." As a consequence of platform variability, implementing SMS-based interventions may be challenging for both providers and patients.