The interactive relationship of dietary choline and betaine with physical activity on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in physically active young individuals.

Background: There is conflicting evidence on the relationship between dietary choline and betaine with metabolic markers and anthropometric characteristics. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the interaction effects of dietary choline and betaine and physical activity (PA) on circulating creatine kinase (CK), metabolic and glycemic markers, and anthropometric characteristics in active youth.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, data were collected from 120 to 18 to 35-year-old people.

Removal versus retention of cervical cerclage with preterm prelabor rupture of membranes: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: To evaluate maternal and perinatal outcomes of removal versus retention of cervical cerclage after premature preterm rupture of membranes (pPROM).

Study Design: Medline, Embase and Cochrane databases were searched electronically on February 2023 utilizing combinations of the relevant medical subject heading (MeSH) terms, keywords, and word variants that were considered suitable for the topic. Either prospective or retrospective trials were considered suitable for the inclusion.

Prehospital Ultrasound: Nationwide Incidence from the NEMSIS Database.

Objective: We sought to describe prehospital ultrasound (PHUS) use and trends in PHUS utilization over time using a national database.

Methods: Using the 2018 - 2021 National Emergency Medical Services Information System databases, we identified those EMS activations where PHUS was performed. We evaluated the association between year and number of PHUS exams performed using univariable and multivariable regression analysis.

BamE directly interacts with BamA and BamD coordinating their functions.

The β-barrel assembly machinery (Bam) complex facilitates the assembly of outer membrane proteins (OMPs) in gram-negative bacteria. The Bam complex is conserved and essential for bacterial viability and consists of five subunits, BamA-E. BamA is the transmembrane component, and its β-barrel domain opens laterally to allow folding and insertion of incoming OMPs.

Sepsis exacerbates Alzheimer's disease pathophysiology, modulates the gut microbiome, increases neuroinflammation and amyloid burden.

While our understanding of the molecular biology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) has grown, the etiology of the disease, especially the involvement of peripheral infection, remains a challenge. In this study, we hypothesize that peripheral infection represents a risk factor for AD pathology. To test our hypothesis, APP/PS1 mice underwent cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) surgery to develop a polymicrobial infection or non-CLP surgery.

Innovations in cell therapy in pediatric diseases: a narrative review.

Background And Objective: Stem cell therapy is a regenerative medicine modality that has the potential to decrease morbidity and mortality by promoting tissue regeneration or modulating the inflammatory response. An increase in the number of clinical trials investigating the efficacy and safety of stem cell therapy in pediatric diseases has led to advancements in this field. Currently, multiple sources and types of stem cells have been utilized in the treatment of pediatric diseases.

Necrotizing plasma cell-rich aortitis and sudden cardiac death: Late sequelae of COVID-19?

The ongoing epidemic caused by the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 is characterized by a variety of pathologic processes within the syndrome of COVID-19. Usually beginning as an upper respiratory infection with potential progression to a pneumonitis, many cases of COVID-19 that show minimal signs or symptoms initially may develop adverse systemic sequelae later, such as widespread thrombo-embolic phenomena, systemic inflammatory disorders (especially in children), or vasculitis. Here, we present a patient who suffered a sudden cardiac death following persistent SARS-CoV-2 viral positivity for four-and-one-half months after a mild clinical viral course.

Social and environmental determinants influencing injection drug use and HIV risk among two sister cities on the US-Mexico border: a comparative cross-sectional study, 2016-2018.

The economic, social, cultural and political milieus that influence injection drug-related HIV risk behaviors along the US-Mexico border in the previous decade have been studied comparing cities on an East-West axis. In an effort to inform interventions targeting factors beyond the individual level, we used a cross-sectional study design comparing people who inject drugs during 2016-2018, living on a North-South axis, in two cities-Ciudad Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico and El Paso, Texas, USA-situated at the midpoint of the 2000 US-Mexico borderland stretch. We conceptualize injection drug use and its antecedents and consequences as influenced by factors operating at various levels of influence.

ABO Blood Type and Metabolic Markers in COVID-19 Susceptibility and Severity: A Cross-Sectional Study.

To evaluate the effect of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus on the function and metabolic changes, as well as the relationship of the virus with blood groups. This cross-sectional study included a matched sample of adult individuals with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) ( = 114) or without (controls;  = 236). Blood samples were collected and processed for triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and blood typing analysis.

Sepsis sensitizes behavioural amphetamine responses while inducing inflammatory and neurotrophic vulnerability in the cecal ligation and puncture model.

The present study aimed to evaluate if sepsis sensitizes behavioural and biochemical responses induced by m-amphetamine. For this, Wistar rats were submitted to the cecal ligation and puncture. After 30 days of cecal ligation and puncture procedure, the animals were submitted to a single intraperitoneal injection of saline or m-amphetamine (.

Emergency vascular surgical care in populations with unique physiologic characteristics: Pediatric, pregnant, and frail populations.

Vascular surgical emergencies are common in vascular surgical care and require complex decision making and multidisciplinary care. They are especially challenging when they occur in patients with unique physiological characteristics, such as pediatric, pregnant, and frail patients. Among the pediatric and pregnant population, vascular emergencies are rare.

Multicenter trans-Atlantic experience with fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repair of chronic post-dissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms.

Objective: This multicenter international study aimed to describe outcomes of fenestrated-branched endovascular aortic repairs (FB-EVAR) in a cohort of patients treated for chronic post-dissection thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms (PD-TAAAs).

Methods: We reviewed the clinical data of all consecutive patients treated by FB-EVAR for repair of extent I to III PD-TAAAs in 16 centers from the United States and Europe (2008-2021). Data were extracted from institutional prospectively maintained databases and electronic patient records.

Mild TSC phenotype and non-penetrance associated with a frameshift variant in TSC2 prompts caution in evaluating pathogenicity of frameshift variants.

Introduction: Technological advances in genetic testing, particularly the adoption of noninvasive prenatal screening (NIPS) for single gene disorders such as tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC, OMIM# 613254), mean that putative/possible pathogenetic DNA variants can be identified prior to the appearance of a disease phenotype. Without a phenotype, accurate prediction of variant pathogenicity is crucial. Here, we report a TSC2 frameshift variant, NM_000548.

Polygenicity of Comorbid Depression in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Depression is common in multiple sclerosis (MS) and is associated with faster disability progression. The etiology of comorbid depression in MS remains poorly understood. Identification of individuals with a high risk of depression, through polygenic scores (PGS), may facilitate earlier identification.

Designing audit and feedback dashboards for dentists to monitor their opioid prescribing.

Background And Objective: Prescription drug abuse is a major factor leading to drug overdose deaths in the US and dentists are one of the leading prescribers of opioid pain medication. Knowing that Audit & Feedback (A&F) dashboards are an effective tool and are used as quality improvement interventions, we aimed to develop such dashboards personalized for dental providers which could allow them to monitor their own opioid prescribing performance.

Methods: In this paper we report on the process for designing the A&F dashboards for dentists which were developed by using an iterative human-centered design process.

Prenatal Stress Induces Long-Term Behavioral Sex-Dependent Changes in Rats Offspring: the Role of the HPA Axis and Epigenetics.

Preclinical genetic studies have related stress early exposures with changes in gene regulatory mechanisms, including epigenetic alterations, such as modifications of DNA methylation, histone deacetylation, and histones acetylation. This study evaluates the effects of prenatal stress on the behavior, hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, and epigenetic parameters in stressed dams and their offspring. The rats were subjected to a protocol of chronic unpredictable mild stress on the fourteenth day of pregnancy until the birth of offspring.

Frequency of Sex Chromosome Involvement in a Large Cohort of Subjects with Two Copy Number Variants.

Copy number variants (CNVs) are a common finding in the clinical setting and contribute to both genetic variation and disease. Studies have described the accumulation of multiple CNVs as a disease-modifying mechanism. While it has been described how additional CNVs may play a role in phenotype, in which ways and to what extent sex chromosomes are involved in dual CNV scenario has not been fully defined.

Reproductive health syndemics impact retention in care among women living with HIV in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Syndemic psychosocial and reproductive factors affecting women's retention in HIV care remain understudied. We analyzed correlates of non-retention in a cohort of women with HIV in Brazil from 2000‒2015. Participants self-reported exposure to physical/sexual violence, illicit drug use, adolescent pregnancy, or induced abortion.

Effect of staining layer on roughness after progressive wear of monolithic ceramics.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate staining layer behavior applied to high-translucency zirconia (YZHT), feldspathic ceramics (FD), and zirconia-reinforced lithium silicate (ZLS) surfaces against different antagonists.

Methods And Materials: Monolithic ceramic discs (n = 120) (ø 12 mm; thickness, 1.2 mm; ISO 6872) were obtained, 30 from YZHT and FD, and 60 from ZLS CAD/CAM blocks (staining layer applied before or after the crystallization procedure).

Dietary behaviours during COVID-19 among households at risk for food insecurity.

The objective of the present study was to examine associations between variables of COVID-19-related concerns and changes in fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption among a sample of participants from the Brighter Bites program at risk for food insecurity. Cross-sectional data were collected during April-June 2020 using a rapid-response survey to understand social needs, COVID-19-related concerns and diet-related behaviours among families with children participating in Brighter Bites ( 1777) in the 2019-2020 school year at risk for food insecurity, within the surrounding Houston, Dallas, Austin, Texas area; Southwest Florida; Washington, D.C.

Association of receiving opioid medication-assisted treatment with sexual identity and mental health/substance use disorder symptoms in a nationally representative sample of adults.

Background: Although the literature suggests that medication-assisted treatment (MAT) is an effective treatment for opioid use disorder, limited studies have assessed the prevalence or the association between MAT use and sexual identity, mental health, or substance use disorder among a nationally representative sample. We assessed the prevalence and association of opioid MAT use between sexual identity, depressive disorder symptoms, alcohol use dependence, and marijuana use dependence in the United States.

Methods: We used the 2019 National Survey on Drug Use and Health public-use data on adults aged 18-64 years ( = 38,841) to conduct a weighted multivariable logistic regression analysis.

Folic acid does not have an anti-manic effect but protect the brain against oxidative stress in an animal model of mania induced by ouabain.

Background: Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and severe mental disorder that affects 1-3 % of the world population. Studies have suggested the involvement of oxidative stress in the physiopathology of this psychiatry disorder. Folic acid (FA), a vitamin from the B complex, is a nutraceutical that has recently been researched as a possible treatment for BD since folate is reduced in patients with the disorder.

Glial progenitor heterogeneity and key regulators revealed by single-cell RNA sequencing provide insight to regeneration in spinal cord injury.

Recent studies have revealed the heterogeneous nature of astrocytes; however, how diverse constituents of astrocyte-lineage cells are regulated in adult spinal cord after injury and contribute to regeneration remains elusive. We perform single-cell RNA sequencing of GFAP-expressing cells from sub-chronic spinal cord injury models and identify and compare with the subpopulations in acute-stage data. We find subpopulations with distinct functional enrichment and their identities defined by subpopulation-specific transcription factors and regulons.