Short stem hip arthroplasty via the minimally invasive direct anterior approach.

Objective: Tissue-sparing, minimally invasive hip arthroplasty via the direct anterior approach (DAA) using a partially neck-preserving, calcar-guided short stem.

Indications: Primary and secondary osteoarthritis of the hip due to developmental dysplasia, femoroacetabular impingement, femoral head necrosis or trauma sequelae.

Contraindications: Severe osteoporosis, active infection, American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) > III, large metaphyseal bone defects, severe metaphyseal deformities, Dorr type C femur.

Human pluripotent stem cell-derived chondroprogenitors for cartilage tissue engineering.

The cartilage of joints, such as meniscus and articular cartilage, is normally long lasting (i.e., permanent).

Stunting Is Preceded by Intestinal Mucosal Damage and Microbiome Changes and Is Associated with Systemic Inflammation in a Cohort of Peruvian Infants.

Stunting, defined as height-for-age score equal to or lower than -2, is associated with increased childhood mortality, cognitive impairment, and chronic diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship between linear growth, intestinal damage, and systemic inflammation in infants at risk of stunting. We followed up 78 infants aged 5-12 months living in rural areas of Peru for 6 months.

Reversible Vision Loss Due to Transependymal Oedema of the Optic Apparatus Secondary to Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Malfunction.

A 29-year-old male with a history of pilocytic astrocytoma status post-multiple ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) revisions presented with vision loss, ocular motor deficits, and headaches. His shunt was revised but he experienced persistent vision loss despite resolution of his headaches and diplopia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the head revealed hydrocephalus and T2 hyperintensity consistent with transependymal oedema surrounding the midbrain, pons, and optic apparatus.

Behavioral Deficits at 18-22 Months of Age Are Associated with Early Cerebellar Injury and Cognitive and Language Performance in Children Born Extremely Preterm.

Objective: To investigate associations in toddlers born extremely preterm (<28 weeks) between neonatal neuroimaging and 18- to 22-month developmental and behavioral outcomes.

Study Design: Cohort analysis from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network Surfactant Positive Airway Pressure and Pulse Oximetry Trial Neuroimaging and Neurodevelopmental Outcomes Study of infants born extremely preterm. Subjects underwent cranial ultrasonography and near-term magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Delivery Room Resuscitation and Short-Term Outcomes in Moderately Preterm Infants.

Objectives: To describe the frequency and extent of delivery room resuscitation and evaluate the association of delivery room resuscitation with neonatal outcomes in moderately preterm (MPT) infants.

Study Design: This was an observational cohort study of MPT infants delivered at 29 to 33 weeks' gestational age (GA) enrolled in the Neonatal Research Network MPT registry. Infants were categorized into 5 groups based on the highest level of delivery room intervention: routine care, oxygen and/or continuous positive airway pressure, bag and mask ventilation, endotracheal intubation, and cardiopulmonary resuscitation including chest compressions and/or epinephrine use.

Admission Temperature and Associated Mortality and Morbidity among Moderately and Extremely Preterm Infants.

Objective: To evaluate the temperature distribution among moderately preterm (MPT, 29-33 weeks) and extremely preterm (EPT, <29 weeks) infants upon neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission in 2012-2013, the change in admission temperature distribution for EPT infants between 2002-2003 and 2012-2013, and associations between admission temperature and mortality and morbidity for both MPT and EPT infants.

Study Design: Prospectively collected data from 18 centers in the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network were used to examine NICU admission temperature of inborn MPT and EPT infants. Associations between admission temperature and mortality and morbidity were determined by multivariable logistic regression.

Role of WNT10A in failure of tooth development in humans and zebrafish.

Background: Oligodontia is a severe form of tooth agenesis characterized by the absence of six or more permanent teeth. Oligodontia has complex etiology and variations in numerous genes have been suggested as causal for the condition.

Methods: We applied whole-exome sequencing (WES) to identify the cause of oligodontia in a 9-year-old girl missing 11 permanent teeth.

Cost-effectiveness Analysis Comparing Conventional, Hypofractionated, and Intraoperative Radiotherapy for Early-Stage Breast Cancer.

Background: Early-stage breast cancer is among the most prevalent and costly malignancies treated in the American health care system. Adjuvant radiotherapy after lumpectomy represents a substantial portion of breast cancer expenditures. The relative value of novel radiotherapeutic approaches such as intraoperative radiotherapy (IORT) and hypofractionated whole breast irradiation (HF-WBI) compared with conventionally fractionated whole breast irradiation (CF-WBI) is unknown.

Lithium and Tamoxifen Modulate Behavior and Protein Kinase C Activity in the Animal Model of Mania Induced by Ouabain.

Background: The intracerebroventricular injection of ouabain, a specific inhibitor of the Na+/K+-adenosine-triphosphatase (Na+/K+-ATPase) enzyme, induces hyperactivity in rats in a putative animal model of mania. Several evidences have suggested that the protein kinase C signaling pathway is involved in bipolar disorder. In addition, it is known that protein kinase C inhibitors, such as lithium and tamoxifen, are effective in treating acute mania.

Energy stress-induced lncRNA FILNC1 represses c-Myc-mediated energy metabolism and inhibits renal tumor development.

The roles of long non-coding RNAs in cancer metabolism remain largely unexplored. Here we identify FILNC1 (FoxO-induced long non-coding RNA 1) as an energy stress-induced long non-coding RNA by FoxO transcription factors. FILNC1 deficiency in renal cancer cells alleviates energy stress-induced apoptosis and markedly promotes renal tumor development.

Outcomes of Preterm Infants following Discussions about Withdrawal or Withholding of Life Support.

Objectives: To describe the frequency of postnatal discussions about withdrawal or withholding of life-sustaining therapy (WWLST), ensuing WWLST, and outcomes of infants surviving such discussions. We hypothesized that such survivors have poor outcomes.

Study Design: This retrospective review included registry data from 18 centers of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

An allosteric transport mechanism for the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump.

Bacterial efflux pumps confer multidrug resistance by transporting diverse antibiotics from the cell. In Gram-negative bacteria, some of these pumps form multi-protein assemblies that span the cell envelope. Here, we report the near-atomic resolution cryoEM structures of the AcrAB-TolC multidrug efflux pump in resting and drug transport states, revealing a quaternary structural switch that allosterically couples and synchronizes initial ligand binding with channel opening.

Association between Use of Prophylactic Indomethacin and the Risk for Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia in Extremely Preterm Infants.

Objective: To assess the association between prophylactic indomethacin and bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in a recent, large cohort of extremely preterm infants.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study using prospectively collected data for infants with gestational ages < 29 weeks or birth weights of 401-1000 g born between 2008 and 2012 at participating hospitals of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network. Infants treated with indomethacin in the first 24 hours of life were compared with those who were not.

The superior regenerative potential of muscle-derived stem cells for articular cartilage repair is attributed to high cell survival and chondrogenic potential.

Three populations of muscle-derived cells (PP1, PP3, and PP6) were isolated from mouse skeletal muscle using modified preplate technique and retrovirally transduced with BMP4/GFP.  , the PP1 cells (fibroblasts) proliferated significantly slower than the PP3 (myoblasts) and PP6 cells (muscle-derived stem cells); the PP1 and PP6 cells showed a superior rate of survival compared with PP3 cells under oxidative stress; and the PP6 cells showed significantly superior chondrogenic capabilities than PP1 and PP3 cells. , the PP6 cells promoted superior cartilage regeneration compared with the other muscle-derived cell populations.

Paraprotein-Related Kidney Disease: Attack of the Killer M Proteins.

Paraproteins are monoclonal Igs or their components (light or heavy chains) that are produced by a clonal population of mature B cells, most commonly plasma cells. These paraproteins or monoclonal proteins are secreted into the blood and subsequently filtered by the glomerulus before entering into urine, where they can cause various types of kidney disease, including both glomerular and tubulointerstitial injuries. Furthermore, a monoclonal protein that causes a specific glomerular or tubulointerstitial lesion in a human can reproducibly cause the same pathology when injected into an animal, supporting unique paraprotein characteristics.

The Precarious Health of Young Mexican American Men in South Texas, Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, 2004-2015.

Introduction: Hispanic men have higher rates of illness and death from various chronic conditions than do non-Hispanic men. We aimed to characterize the health of Mexican American men living on the US-Mexico border in South Texas and elucidate indications of chronic disease in young men.

Methods: We sampled all male participants from the Cameron County Hispanic Cohort, an ongoing population-based cohort of Mexican Americans in Brownsville, Texas.

In vivo cytological observation of liver and spleen by using high-resolution microendoscopy system under endoscopic ultrasound guidance: A preliminary study using a swine model.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is useful to obtain specimens from lesions underlying deep parts of the liver and spleen. However, the development of novel ancillary techniques must be explored to reduce the number of needle passes and potential adverse effects during this procedure. We conducted an animal study using a swine to demonstrate technical feasibility of in vivo cytological observation of liver and spleen using the high-resolution microendoscopy (HRME) system under EUS guidance.

RNA editing in cancer: Mechanistic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications.

We have recently provided a comprehensive analysis of A-to-I RNA editing events in various cancer types, revealing many clinically relevant RNA editing sites and demonstrating that RNA editing can selectively affect cancer drug sensitivity. Our results unveil mechanistic, prognostic, and therapeutic implications for RNA editing in cancer.

Sorafenib and Quinacrine Target Anti-Apoptotic Protein MCL1: A Poor Prognostic Marker in Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer (ATC).

Purpose And Experimental Design: Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) comprises approximately 2% of all thyroid cancers, and its median survival rate remains poor. It is responsible for more than one third of thyroid cancer-related deaths. ATC is frequently resistant to conventional therapy, and NFκB signaling has been proposed to be a feature of the disease.

Hypoallergenic formula with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG for babies with colic: A pilot study of recruitment, retention, and fecal biomarkers.

Aim: To investigate recruitment, retention, and estimates for effects of formula supplementation with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) on inflammatory biomarkers and fecal microbial community in infants with colic.

Methods: A prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial was conducted in otherwise healthy infants with colic. We screened 74 infants and randomized and analyzed results in 20 infants [9 receiving LGG (LGG+) and 11 not receiving LGG (LGG-)].