Multiomics dissection of human RAG deficiency reveals distinctive patterns of immune dysregulation but a common inflammatory signature.

Human recombination-activating gene (RAG) deficiency can manifest with distinct clinical and immunological phenotypes. By applying a multiomics approach to a large group of -mutated patients, we aimed at characterizing the immunopathology associated with each phenotype. Although defective T and B cell development is common to all phenotypes, patients with hypomorphic variants can generate T and B cells with signatures of immune dysregulation and produce autoantibodies to a broad range of self-antigens, including type I interferons.

Current and future burden of female breast cancer in the Middle East and North Africa region using estimates from GLOBOCAN 2022.

Breast cancer is the most diagnosed female cancer and the most common cause of cancer death in women in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. In this study, we aimed to describe the current patterns of breast cancer among women in the MENA region and estimate the burden for the year 2050. We used the estimates of the breast cancer incidence and mortality from the GLOBOCAN 2022 database and predicted the burden of breast cancer in 2050 according to different scenarios.

The Relationship Between Early Maladaptive Schemas and Intimate Partner Violence Against Women: The Moderating Effect of Childhood Trauma.

The study objectives were to test the hypothesis that childhood trauma moderates the associations between early maladaptive schemas (EMS) and intimate partner violence (IPV) among women in the specific Lebanese patriarchal context. This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted on Lebanese women between September and December 2018; 1,655 participants enrolled in this study were from all of Lebanon's governorates and were selected using an equitable representative sample. The "Disconnection and Rejection" EMS domain showed the strongest correlations with both physical and nonphysical IPV ( = .

Applying Results of Extended Genotyping to Management of Positive Cervicovaginal Human Papillomavirus Test Results: Enduring Guidelines.

Objective: The Enduring Consensus Cervical Cancer Screening and Management Guidelines Committee developed recommendations for the use of extended genotyping results in cervical cancer prevention programs.

Methods: Risks of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or worse were calculated using data obtained with the Onclarity HPV Assay from large cohorts. Management recommendations were based on clinical action thresholds developed for the 2019 American Society for Colposcopy and Cervical Pathology Risk-Based Management Consensus Guidelines.

Nosocomial Pneumonia in Georgia: A Study of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase (ESBL)-Producing Versus Non-extended ESBL Gram-Negative Bacterial Profiles.

Background: Nosocomial pneumonia is a significant healthcare challenge, particularly in the face of rising antimicrobial resistance among Gram-negative bacteria. The production of extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) exacerbates treatment complexities.

Aim: This study investigates the prevalence and resistance patterns of ESBL-producing and non-ESBL Gram-negative bacteria in nosocomial pneumonia cases in Georgian hospitals to inform antibiotic stewardship and treatment strategies.

A Rare Case of Adrenal Gland Metastasis from Parotid Adenocarcinoma: Unveiling the Potential Augmented Utility of FAPI PET/CT.

Conventional imaging techniques, while essential, occasionally fall short in identifying elusive metastatic lesions, leading to delayed diagnoses and compromised patient outcomes. Gallium-68 fibroblast activating protein inhibitor (Ga-FAPI) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), leveraging the distinct affinity of fibroblast activation protein for cancer-associated fibroblasts, emerges as a promising solution to bridge this diagnostic gap. Parotid gland adenocarcinoma is a relatively rare malignancy with metastasis typically occurring in regional lymph nodes and distant sites such as the lungs and bones.

The Positive Effect of Psychotherapy in the Treatment of an Erosive Oral and Dermal Lichen Planus Case.

Lichen planus (LP) is an autoimmune disease that may affect the oral cavity and the skin, and it has the potential to change to malignancy. In this paper we report a LP case in a 42-year-old male patient in which anxiety and depression were apparently the only possible risk factors of LP. Due to this apparent comorbidity and the risk of not responding well to conventional medication (topical and systemic corticosteroids) or the risk of relapse in the case of ongoing stress, we decided to integrate psychotherapy (without psychotropic drugs) as an adjunct into the management strategy.

What Do Patients Seek Care for at a Health Facility in the Aftermath of an Earthquake? Experiences From an Emergency Medical Team in Türkoğlu, Türkiye 2023.

On February 6, 2023, a strong earthquake (7.8 Richter scale) shook southwestern Türkiye, and also affected areas in northwest Syria, resulting in over 50 000 fatalities and more than 100 000 injured in Türkiye, in addition to the displacement of approximately 3 million people. In response to an international request for assistance from the Turkish government, the United Kingdom (UK) government deployed an Emergency Medical Team (EMT) Type 1 to provide outpatient care.

Costs of Influenza Illness and Acute Respiratory Infections by Household Income Level: Catastrophic Health Expenditures and Implications for Health Equity.

Background: Seasonal influenza illness and acute respiratory infections can impose a substantial economic burden in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). We assessed the cost of influenza illness and acute respiratory infections across household income strata.

Methods: We conducted a secondary analysis of data from a prior systematic review of costs of influenza and other respiratory illnesses in LMICs and contacted authors to obtain data on cost of illness (COI) for laboratory-confirmed influenza-like illness and acute respiratory infection.

Comparative antibacterial activity of clove extract against Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen belonging to the γ-proteobacteria family, known to cause pneumonia linked with ventilator use and nosocomial infections. With the increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, there is a pressing need to identify alternatives to conventional antibiotics. Plant-derived substances (PDSs) offer potential not only as antibacterial agents but also as modulators of antibiotic resistance.

Enhancing oncology patient care: nurses' knowledge, attitudes, and perceived benefits of early palliative integration - a cross-sectional study.

Background: Palliative care aims to improve quality of life for patients with end-stage illnesses by addressing physical, psychological, social and spiritual needs. Early referral to palliative care improves patient outcomes, quality of life and overall survival in a variety type of cancers. This study aimed to assess knowledge, attitudes and perceived benefits of early integration of palliative care among oncology nursing.

Deep learning-integrated MRI brain tumor analysis: feature extraction, segmentation, and Survival Prediction using Replicator and volumetric networks.

The most prevalent form of malignant tumors that originate in the brain are known as gliomas. In order to diagnose, treat, and identify risk factors, it is crucial to have precise and resilient segmentation of the tumors, along with an estimation of the patients' overall survival rate. Therefore, we have introduced a deep learning approach that employs a combination of MRI scans to accurately segment brain tumors and predict survival in patients with gliomas.

Alginate oligosaccharides relieve estrogen-deprived osteosarcopenia by affecting intestinal Th17 differentiation and systemic inflammation through the manipulation of bile acid metabolism.

Alginate oligosaccharides (AOS) have gained attention for their capacity to regulate human health as prebiotics. Osteosarcopenia is a progressive disease of the musculoskeletal system and result in heavy burden of patients. Studies suggest that gut microbiota is involved in the pathogenesis of osteosarcopenia, whether AOS can improve the symptoms of osteosarcopenia by modulating gut microbiota remains to be elucidated.

Development of a framework to structure decision-making in environmental and occupational health: A systematic review and Delphi study.

Background: Environmental and occupational health (EOH) assessments increasingly utilize systematic review methods and structured frameworks for evaluating evidence about the human health effects of exposures. However, there is no prevailing approach for how to integrate this evidence into decisions or recommendations. Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) evidence-to-decision (EtD) frameworks provide a structure to support standardized and transparent consideration of relevant criteria to inform health decisions.

Rural Surgery Experiences in General Surgery Residency Training-The Current State an ACGME Sponsored Survey of General Surgery Program Directors.

Objective: Nationwide there is a significant shortage of surgeons in rural communities, which has led to a growing interest in training more general surgeons specifically for entry into rural practice. Despite noble intentions, exactly how this training should be performed is unclear, and highly variable across programs. The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Surgery Residency Review Committee (RRC) sought to better understand the current state of rural focused training options in general surgery residencies.

Germline and Somatic Genomic Testing for Metastatic Prostate Cancer: ASCO Guideline.

Purpose: To evaluate evidence on germline and somatic genomic testing for patients with metastatic prostate cancer and provide recommendations.

Methods: A systematic review by a multidisciplinary panel with patient representation was conducted. The PubMed database was searched from January 2018 to May 2024.

Digenic Inheritance Mode in Congenital Hypothyroidism due to Thyroid Dysgenesis: HYPOTYGEN translational cohort study.

Context: Congenital hypothyroidism (CH) is the most common neonatal endocrine disorder and is chiefly caused by thyroid dysgenesis (CHTD). The inheritance mode of the disease remains complex.

Objectives: Gain insight into the inheritance mode of CHTD.

The Association between the Social Vulnerability Index and Access to California High School Athletic Trainers.

Context: Social determinants of health are known to affect overall access to youth sports, however, it is not fully understood how multiple social determinants of health may impact access to school-based athletic training services.

Objective: To determine the relationship between Social Vulnerability Index (SVI) scores on access to high school-based athletic trainers in California.

Design: Retrospective, cross-sectional study.

Trends in prescribing montelukast in patients with asthma in real-life: Results from the Turkish adult asthma registry.

Montelukast, a leukotriene receptor antagonist (LTRA) approved for the treatment of asthma and allergic rhinitis, is widely used, though real-world data on its application in asthma management remain limited. This registry-based study evaluated the use of montelukast in adult asthma patients, examining demographic and disease characteristics, asthma control status, asthma phenotypes, presence of atopy, and treatment regimens. Among 2053 patients analyzed, 61.

Psychological and interpersonal dimensions of sexual function and dysfunction: recommendations from the fifth international consultation on sexual medicine (ICSM 2024).

Introduction: Sexual health concerns are common and significantly impact quality of life, but many people do not seek treatment due to embarrassment and other barriers. A biopsychosocial model of assessment and treatment acknowledges the biological, psychological, and social contributors to sexual difficulties and suggests that all these domains should be evaluated.

Objectives: This paper provides an overview of the major psychological factors contributing to sexual difficulties and offer an evidence-based approach for primary care clinicians to assess and treat these issues.