39,359 results match your criteria: "The University of Sydney.[Affiliation]"
Br J Psychiatry
December 2024
Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, UK.
Background: Trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) agonists offer a new approach, but there is uncertainty regarding their effects, exact mechanism of action and potential role in treating psychosis.
Aims: To evaluate the available evidence on TAAR1 agonists in psychosis, using triangulation of the output of living systematic reviews (LSRs) of animal and human studies, and provide recommendations for future research prioritisation.
Method: This study is part of GALENOS (Global Alliance for Living Evidence on aNxiety, depressiOn and pSychosis).
Cereb Cortex
December 2024
Baker Department of Cardiometabolic Health, The University of Melbourne, Grattan Street, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia.
Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) is applied both in research settings and clinically, notably in treating depression through the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC). We have recently shown that transcranial alternating current stimulation of the dlPFC partially entrains muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) to the stimulus. We, therefore, aimed to further explore the sympathetic properties of the dlPFC, hypothesizing that single-pulse TMS could generate de novo MSNA bursts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAust Vet J
December 2024
Centre for Veterinary Education, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
In cats, mycobacteriosis tends to present in a syndromic manner, with cases either being due to tuberculosis (TB) (in countries where TB is endemic), one of the "leprosy-like" diseases affecting the skin and subcutis, panniculitis caused by infection of subcutaneous tissues generally with rapidly growing Mycobacteria spp. or widely disseminated granulomatous disease, which is usually caused by members of the Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare complex (MAC). Disseminated MAC disease is rare, but when it occurs, usually develops in immunocompromised hosts with defective cell-mediated immunity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMJ Sex Reprod Health
December 2024
The University of Sydney Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
J Clin Epidemiol
December 2024
NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia; Westmead Applied Research Centre, The University of Sydney, Australia.
Introduction: Equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) are social constructs which when used in clinical trials help generate the highest quality evidence for interventions in the populations most likely to benefit. However, the incorporation of these constructs in clinical trials is unclear and inconsistent. This scoping review sought to understand how EDI is applied in clinical trials.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAnn Epidemiol
December 2024
Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Objective: There is a lack of understanding of the specific types and intensities of physical activity driving the gender gap in overall levels of physical activity, and how these activities are changing over time. We examined the gender gap in specific types and intensities of physical activities in European adults from 2005-2022.
Study Design And Methods: This repeated cross-sectional study included data from adults from the Eurobarometer (2005-2022) from 28 European countries.
Eur J Cancer
November 2024
University of Perugia, Unit of Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Perugia, Italy.
A unique collaboration of multi-disciplinary experts from the European Association of Dermato-Oncology (EADO), the European Dermatology Forum (EDF), and the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) was formed to make recommendations on cutaneous melanoma diagnosis and treatment, based on systematic literature reviews and the experts' experience. Cutaneous melanomas are excised with one to two-centimeter safety margins. For a correct stage classification and treatment decision, a sentinel lymph node biopsy shall be offered in patients with tumor thickness ≥ 1.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Sci Med Sport
November 2024
World Rugby, Pty (Ltd), Ireland. Electronic address: https://twitter.com/Scienceofsport.
Objectives: To evaluate if the tackler correctly adhering, or not, to four different instructions of legal front-on one-on-one torso tackles altered the tackler and/or ball carrier peak inertial head kinematics.
Design: Controlled laboratory study.
Methods: Fifteen rugby-code players measured with three-dimensional optoelectronic motion capture performed two tackle instructions from the Australian National Rugby League coaching manual on under (Dominant National Rugby League) and over (Smother National Rugby League) the ball tackles, and two novel variants of these (under, Dominant, Torso Stick; over, Smother, Pop, Lock).
Pediatr Neonatol
December 2024
Department of Pediatric Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Japan. Electronic address:
Background: The treatments and outcomes of pediatric gastroduodenal perforations have rarely been described.
Methods: We retrospectively identified 515 patients aged 28 days to 17 years who were hospitalized for gastroduodenal perforation between July 2010 and March 2021 using a nationwide inpatient database. We compared characteristics, treatments, and outcomes for pediatric gastroduodenal perforation between children aged <7 years (n = 38) and ≥7 years (n = 477).
Int J Pharm
December 2024
School of Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
The nasal airway comprises a complex network of passages and chambers and plays an important role in regulating the respiratory system's functions. The nasal vestibule is the first chamber of the nasal airway. While variations in nasal vestibule geometries are known to exist between humans, details of their implications on how they may affect the efficacy of nasal drug delivery devices are less clear.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Aging Phys Act
December 2024
Prevention Research Collaboration, Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, Australia.
Background/objectives: A globally aging population necessitates public health action that supports healthy aging. Although it is well established that participation in physical activity (PA), sport, and active recreation are important for healthy aging, PA levels remain generally lower among older adults. This study examines trends in physical activities that older adults engage in and identifies disparities in activities across subgroups as defined by age, gender, and socioeconomic status.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBiomaterials
December 2024
School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The University of Sydney Nano Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; The Charles Perkins Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia; School of Physics, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia. Electronic address:
Microfluidic devices are used for various applications in biology and medicine. From on-chip modelling of human organs for drug screening and fast and straightforward point-of-care (POC) detection of diseases to sensitive biochemical analysis, these devices can be custom-engineered using low-cost techniques. The microchannel interface is essential for these applications, as it is the interface of immobilised biomolecules that promote cell capture, attachment and proliferation, sense analytes and metabolites or provide enzymatic reaction readouts.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInorg Chem
December 2024
Centre for Hydrogenergy, College of Materials Science and Technology, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 210016, PR China.
Defect engineering in SrTiO crystals plays a pivotal role in achieving efficient overall solar water splitting, as evidenced by the influence of Al ions. However, the uneven structural relaxation caused by Al ions has been overlooked, significantly affecting the defect state and catalytic activity. When an AlO crucible is used, optimizing this defect engineering presents a significant challenge.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Paediatr Child Health
December 2024
General Medicine Department, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
Aim: The use of blended tube feeding (BTF) in children is a controversial area with persistent concerns regarding the nutritional adequacy and risk of associated infections and equipment complications. Parents in Australia are electing to use BTF in their children despite local hospital guidelines, calling for further research to support its use.
Methods: A retrospective case-series study was conducted at a tertiary paediatric hospital, to characterise the paediatric population electively using BTF and evaluate their clinical outcomes.
BMC Geriatr
December 2024
Flinders University, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Adelaide, SA, Australia.
Background: Falls in hospitals continue to burden patients, staff, and health systems. Prevention approaches are varied, as well as their success at preventing falls. Intervention component analysis (ICA) is useful in indicating important features associated with successful interventions in sets of trial with high heterogeneity.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSchizophr Bull
December 2024
Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia.
Background: Almost 40% of individuals at ultra-high risk (UHR) for psychosis experience persistent attenuated psychotic symptoms (APS) yet it is unclear (1) whether they share overlapping clinical and functional outcomes compared to individuals who transition to psychosis, (2) when symptom and functioning trajectories begin to diverge between UHR individuals with different clinical outcomes, and (3) whether non-remission (persistent APS or transition) can be predicted using baseline and/or longitudinal data.
Study Design: Participants were drawn from 2 randomized clinical trials: Neurapro (n = 220; discovery sample) and STEP (n = 180; external validation sample). First, 12-24 month symptoms and functioning were compared between UHR individuals with persistent APS, sustained remission, or transition to psychosis.
J Imaging Inform Med
December 2024
Biomedical Data Analysis and Visualisation (BDAV) Lab, School of Computer Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW, 2050, Australia.
In surgical stabilization of rib fractures (SSRF), the current standard relies on preoperative CT imaging and often incorporates ultrasound (US) imaging. As an alternative, mixed reality (MR) technology holds promise for improving rib fracture localization. This study presents an MR-based visualization system designed for SSRF in a clinical setting.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Gen Intern Med
December 2024
Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney Health Literacy Lab, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, 2006, Australia.
Background: Despite increasing attention on health literacy and the inclusion of grade reading level recommendations in guidelines, it remains unclear if lowering the grade reading level of written health information to specific target grades improves patient-related outcomes.
Objective: To assess whether grade reading level of written information affects knowledge, perceived reading ease, acceptability and trustworthiness of information and, to explore whether information written at a lower grade reading level reduces disparities in outcomes across health literacy levels.
Design: We conducted a 4-arm online randomized trial with a community sample of adults living in Australia from 31 July to 20 September 2023.
Br J Cancer
December 2024
Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
Background: There are scarce data on risk factors for epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) in Asian populations. Our goal was to advance knowledge on reproductive -related risk factors for EOC in a large population of Asian women.
Methods: This study used pooled individual data from baseline questionnaires in 11 prospective cohorts (baseline years, 1958-2015) in the Asia Cohort Consortium.
Commun Biol
December 2024
School of Medical Sciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
Over the last decade metagenomic sequencing has facilitated an increasing number of virome-scale studies, leading to an exponential expansion in understanding of virus diversity. This is partially driven by the decreasing costs of metagenomic sequencing, improvements in computational tools for revealing novel viruses, and an increased understanding of the key role that viruses play in human and animal health. A central concern associated with this remarkable increase in the number of virome-scale studies is the lack of broadly accepted "gold standards" for reporting the data and results generated.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPsychooncology
December 2024
The School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
Objective: The Worries About Recurrence or Progression Scale (WARPS) was recently validated in four common chronic illnesses other than cancer, after a rigorous development process based on the COSMIN criteria. Available measures of fear of progression or fear of cancer recurrence (FCR) have been criticised for not meeting all COSMIN criteria. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the psychometric properties of the WARPS in a cancer sample to assess its applicability to measure FCR.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeart
December 2024
The University of Notre Dame Australia School of Medicine, Fremantle, Western Australia, Australia.
Background: Although the prognostic implications of severe mitral regurgitation (MR) are well recognised, they are less clear in moderate MR. We therefore explored the prognostic impact of both moderate and severe MR within the large National Echocardiography Database Australia cohort.
Methods: Echocardiography reports from 608 570 individuals were examined using natural language processing to identify MR severity and leaflet pathology.
Lancet Glob Health
January 2025
Institute for Global Health and Development, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Centre for Global Child Health, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
Background: Infectious diseases remain the leading cause of death among children younger than 5 years due to disparities in access and acceptance of essential interventions. The Community Mobilisation and Community Incentivisation (CoMIC) trial was designed to evaluate a customised community mobilisation and incentivisation strategy for improving coverage of evidence-based interventions for child health in Pakistan.
Methods: CoMIC was a three-arm cluster-randomised, controlled trial in rural areas of Pakistan.
Food Chem
December 2024
Edith Cowan University, School of Science, Joondalup, WA 6027, Australia; Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein Science, Australia; Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, 306 Carmody Rd, St Lucia Agriculture and Food, Brisbane, QLD 4067, Australia. Electronic address:
Bovine milk has dominated the dairy segment, yet alternative milk sources are gaining attention due to perceived superior health benefits, with immune proteins and bioactive peptides (BPs) contributing to these benefits. Fractionation affects protein recovery and composition. Here, the cream fraction resulted in the highest yield of proteins, identifying 1143 camel and 851 cow proteins.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Low Genit Tract Dis
January 2025
Evaluation and Implementation Science Unit, Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
Objective: In 2017, Australian's National Cervical Screening Program changed from 2-yearly cytology to 5-yearly primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. The Stakeholder Opinions of Renewal Implementation and Experiences Study (STORIES) aimed to capture stakeholder perspectives during implementation of the renewed National Cervical Screening Program.
Materials And Methods: Qualitative semistructured interviews were conducted with key National Cervical Screening Program stakeholders 11-20 months following the change, either face-to-face, online, or via phone.