Regulatory responses to ultra-processed foods are skewed towards behaviour change and not food system transformation.

Growing evidence suggests that diets high in ultra-processed foods (UPFs) are harming human and planetary health. UPFs therefore pose a complex regulatory challenge, yet, to date, little research has systematically assessed how governments have responded to UPFs in national food policies. Here we analyse data from the NOURISHING database to assess the scope and strength of UPF-related regulatory interventions worldwide, using three frameworks-namely, NOURISHING, the Nuffield Ladder and the Modalities of Control framework.

The use of contracts to implement and manage healthy vending: best practice recommendations for effective and sustained interventions.

Background: Contracts can be an effective lever to implement and manage health-enabling food retail environments. However, guidance for the effective use of contracts in food retail settings is limited. The use of contracts to create healthy food vending environments is one area where policy attention has been focussed in high income countries.

The use of private regulatory measures to create healthy food retail environments: a scoping review.

Objective: Different forms of public and private regulation have been used to improve the healthiness of food retail environments. The aim of this scoping review was to systematically examine the types of private regulatory measures used to create healthy food retail environments, the reporting of the processes of implementation, monitoring, review and enforcement and the barriers to and enablers of these.

Design: Scoping review using the Johanna Briggs Institute guidelines.

Local government stakeholders' perceptions of potential policy actions to influence both climate change and healthy eating in Victoria: A qualitative study.

Issue Addressed: Climate change is a defining public health issue of the 21st century. Food systems are drivers of diet-related disease burden, and account for 30% of global greenhouse gas emissions. Local governments play a crucial role in improving both the healthiness and environmental sustainability of food systems, but the potential for their actions to simultaneously address these two issues is unclear.

The role of Australian civil society organisations in food system governance: Opportunities for collaboration in dietetics practice.

Background: Civil society organisations (CSOs) are increasingly participating in food system governance in ways that challenge the dominant industrialised profit-driven system.

Methods: An online survey of Australian CSOs that self-identified as being involved in food system governance was conducted to identify their objectives and activities and the enablers of, and barriers to, their participation in food system governance. Respondents were nongovernment organisations/registered charities, social enterprises, businesses and collaborative research initiatives involved in food system governance in Australia (n = 43).

Between Regional Recommendations and National Implementation: An Analysis of the East African Community Partner States' Legislative Responses to TRIPS Obligations.

With the access-to-medicines conundrum facing its populations, the East African Community has adopted a policy framework which promotes a collective approach to resolving the access gap in the region. To this end, crucial policy documents on the implementation of TRIPS obligations, harmonisation of drug regulation and boosting regional manufacturing capacity have been adopted. This paper is a case study of the regional policy on the implementation of TRIPS obligations, specifically examining the extent to which partner states' implementation of TRIPS obligations mirrors the regional recommendations.

Minding Rights: Mapping Ethical and Legal Foundations of 'Neurorights'.

The rise of neurotechnologies, especially in combination with artificial intelligence (AI)-based methods for brain data analytics, has given rise to concerns around the protection of mental privacy, mental integrity and cognitive liberty - often framed as "neurorights" in ethical, legal, and policy discussions. Several states are now looking at including neurorights into their constitutional legal frameworks, and international institutions and organizations, such as UNESCO and the Council of Europe, are taking an active interest in developing international policy and governance guidelines on this issue. However, in many discussions of neurorights the philosophical assumptions, ethical frames of reference and legal interpretation are either not made explicit or conflict with each other.

Adult Sexual Assault Patients' Experience of the Physical Examination Component of the Medical Forensic Examination: A Scoping Review to Identify Gaps in the Research Literature.

We undertook a scoping review of published research literature that reported on adult sexual assault patients' experience of the physical examination component of the medical forensic examination (MFE). Eligible papers were those reporting data about the physical examination component of the MFE from the adult patient's perspective, published in the period January 2000 to March 2022 in peer reviewed journals and reports containing original research data published from a tertiary institution. Twelve papers were identified.

Mapping and analysis of laws influencing built environments for walking and cycling in Australia.

Background: Physical inactivity is a significant public health concern, with limited signs of improvement despite a global commitment to achieving the World Health Organization's target of 15% reduction by 2030. A systems approach is required to tackle this issue, involving the creation of environments that are conducive to physical activity. Laws represent an important tool for regulating the built environment for physical activity, are a mechanism for systems change, and have the capacity to reorient the goals and rules of a system.

The Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in Health Care and Social Services in Australia: Findings From a Methodologically Innovative National Survey of Values and Attitudes (the AVA-AI Study).

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) for use in health care and social services is rapidly developing, but this has significant ethical, legal, and social implications. Theoretical and conceptual research in AI ethics needs to be complemented with empirical research to understand the values and judgments of members of the public, who will be the ultimate recipients of AI-enabled services.

Objective: The aim of the Australian Values and Attitudes on AI (AVA-AI) study was to assess and compare Australians' general and particular judgments regarding the use of AI, compare Australians' judgments regarding different health care and social service applications of AI, and determine the attributes of health care and social service AI systems that Australians consider most important.

Designing legislative responses to restrict children's exposure to unhealthy food and non-alcoholic beverage marketing: a case study analysis of Chile, Canada and the United Kingdom.

Introduction: Introducing legislation that restricts companies from exposing children to marketing of unhealthy food and beverage products is both politically and technically difficult. To advance the literature on the technical design of food marketing legislation, and to support governments around the world with legislative development, we aimed to describe the legislative approach from three governments.

Methods: A multiple case study methodology was adopted to describe how three governments approached designing comprehensive food marketing legislation (Chile, Canada and the United Kingdom).

Australian local government policies on creating a healthy, sustainable, and equitable food system: analysis in New South Wales and Victoria.

Objective: To analyse local government (LG) policies concerned with creating a healthy, sustainable and equitable food system.

Methods: All relevant policies on LG websites were identified and analysed against a framework of 34 recommendations for LG action on food system issues.

Results: A total of 13 of 207 (New South Wales 128, Victoria 79) LGs had dedicated food system policies.

Barriers and Enablers for Healthy Food Systems and Environments: The Role of Local Governments.

Purpose Of Review: Food systems at all levels are experiencing various states of dysfunction and crisis, and in turn their governance contributes to other intensifying crises, such as climate change, biodiversity loss and the rapid expansion of dietary-related non-communicable diseases. In many jurisdictions governments at local, state and national levels are taking action to tackle some of the key challenges confronting food systems through a range of regulatory, legislative and fiscal measures. This article comprises a narrative review summarising recent relevant literature with a focus on the intersection between corporate power and public health.

The global politics of the age-gender divide in violence against women and children.

Decades of collective and cumulative work by practitioners, activists and researchers have made violence prevention an important part of international development agendas. However, violence prevention and response work addressing women and children has historically been siloed. Those working at the intersection of violence against women (VaW) and violence against children (VaC) have wrestled with the age-gender divide.

Medical negligence laws and virtual reality in healthcare.

Background: As technological innovation increases the availability of novel therapeutic options in general practice, healthcare professionals will need to equip themselves with a sound understanding of their professional legal duties in light of emerging medical technologies, including virtual reality (VR).

Objective: Using a case study of VR to augment analgesia in burn treatment, this article examines how medical negligence laws apply to the use of new technology in healthcare settings.

Discussion: While there is currently no positive duty on healthcare professionals to use VR when treating patients, healthcare professionals may be held liable for harm arising from negligent advice or treatment using VR technology.

A narrative review of online food delivery in Australia: challenges and opportunities for public health nutrition policy.

Objective: Online food delivery (OFD) platforms offer consumers a convenient and fast delivery service of foods and drinks sourced from foodservice partners (e.g. restaurants, quick service restaurants).

The role of Australian local governments in creating a healthy food environment: an analysis of policy documents from six Sydney local governments.

Objective: This paper examines policies from six local governments (LGs) relevant to promoting a healthy food supply and consumer food environment.

Methods: We analysed the six LGs' food and nutrition policies against a framework based on Australian literature and international policy frameworks. Policy content was collected by searching LG websites and analysed with reference to recommended policy actions in the framework.

Does Consumer Engagement in Health Technology Assessment Enhance or Undermine Equity?

Consumer engagement in decisions about the funding of medicines is often framed as a good in and of itself and as an activity that should be universally encouraged. A common justification for calls for consumer engagement is that it enhances equity. In this paper we systematically critique this assumption.

Financial and caregivers' stressors in Australian law students - a qualitative analysis.

Australian law students exhibit high levels of psychological distress compared to the general population. In 2013, The University of Sydney Law School conducted a survey to examine the level of distress in students, what factors were associated with their distress and what strategies might mitigate student distress. This article reports on the survey's qualitative findings relating to financial stressors and care-giving responsibilities.

Open forensic science.

The mainstream sciences are experiencing a revolution of methodology. This revolution was inspired, in part, by the realization that a surprising number of findings in the bioscientific literature could not be replicated or reproduced by independent laboratories. In response, scientific norms and practices are rapidly moving towards openness.

An Ethics Framework for Big Data in Health and Research.

Ethical decision-making frameworks assist in identifying the issues at stake in a particular setting and thinking through, in a methodical manner, the ethical issues that require consideration as well as the values that need to be considered and promoted. Decisions made about the use, sharing, and re-use of big data are complex and laden with values. This paper sets out an developed by a working group convened by the (SHAPES) It presents the aim and rationale for this framework supported by the underlying ethical concerns that relate to all health and research contexts.

Big Data and Public-Private Partnerships in Healthcare and Research: The Application of an Ethics Framework for Big Data in Health and Research.

Public-private partnerships (PPPs) are established to specifically harness the potential of Big Data in healthcare and can include partners working across the data chain-producing health data, analysing data, using research results or creating value from data. This domain paper will illustrate the challenges that arise when partners from the public and private sector collaborate to share, analyse and use biomedical Big Data. We discuss three specific challenges for PPPs: working within the social licence, public antipathy to the commercialisation of public sector health data, and questions of ownership, both of the data and any resulting intellectual property or products.

"Big" Food, Tobacco, and Alcohol: Reducing Industry Influence on Noncommunicable Disease Prevention Laws and Policies Comment on "Addressing NCDs: Challenges From Industry Market Promotion and Interferences".

The food, tobacco and alcohol industries have penetrated markets in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with a significant impact on these countries' burden of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Tangcharoensathien and colleagues describe the aggressive marketing of unhealthy food, alcohol and tobacco in LMICs, as well as key tactics used by these industries to resist laws and policies designed to reduce behavioural risk factors for NCDs. This commentary expands on the recommendations made by Tangcharoensathien and colleagues for preventing or managing conflicts of interest and reducing undue industry influence on NCD prevention policies and laws, focusing on the needs of LMICs.