Family planning and preimplantation testing: family experiences in congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Introduction: Pre-implantation testing (PGT) is often suggested by healthcare professionals (HCP) to parents of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) considering subsequent children. Despite this, some families choose to conceive naturally without genetic testing and intervention. The aims of this study were to explore fertility choices of couples with a child with CAH and the decision making process and perceptions behind these choices, and to explore the families' lived experiences with CAH and the couples' subsequent fertility journey.

In functionally aligned total knee arthroplasty, femoral component rotation follows the transepicondylar axis to achieve flexion balance.

Purpose: In functionally aligned (FA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA), femoral component rotation (FCR) is personalised to optimise flexion gap balance. As axial malalignment has been attributed to patellofemoral complications, this study assessed FA FCR in relation to the surgical transepicondylar axis (TEA) and early implant survivorship.

Methods: We analysed 446 robotic-assisted primary TKAs in 393 patients using FA with preresection gap balancing.

Melatonin: A Review of the Evidence for Use in Hospital Settings.

New onset insomnia is often experienced by patients during hospitalization due to environmental disruptions, pain and increased patient care activities. Patient distress arising from poor sleep quality and quantity often results in the prescribing of hypnotics. Melatonin use in hospital settings is common and is increasingly used for off label indications including primary insomnia in those aged < 55 years, prevention of delirium and to facilitate benzodiazepine discontinuation.

Development and Pilot Psychometric Testing of the Cancer Nurse Self-Assessment Tools for Early and Metastatic Breast Cancer.

Aim: To develop and psychometrically test two newly developed Cancer Nurse Self-Assessment Tools for early and metastatic breast cancer (CaN-SAT-eBC and CAN-SAT-mBC).

Design: Instrument development and psychometric testing of content validity, reliability and construct validity.

Methods: A three-phase procedure was conducted.

Non-ionic surfactant self-assembly in calcium nitrate tetrahydrate and related salts.

Self-assembly of amphiphilic molecules can take place in extremely concentrated salt solutions, such as inorganic molten salt hydrates or hydrous melts. The intermolecular interactions governing the organization of amphiphilic molecules under such extreme conditions are not yet fully understood. In this study, we investigated the specific effects of ions on the self-assembly of the non-ionic surfactant CH(OCHCH)OH (CE) under extreme salt concentrations, using calcium nitrate tetrahydrate as a reference.

Advanced Paediatric Life Support: A 25-year journey in Australia.

Over twenty-five years ago the first Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS) course was held in Australia. Through the lens of quality culture in educational organisations, we can identify factors which have underpinned the evolution, sustainability and success of this course.

Vitronectin regulates lung tissue remodeling and emphysema in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Vitronectin (VTN) is an important extracellular matrix protein in tissue remodeling, but its role in COPD is unknown. We show that VTN regulates tissue remodeling through urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) signaling pathway in COPD. In human COPD airways and bronchoepithelial cells and the airways of mice with cigarette smoke (CS)-induced experimental COPD, VTN protein was not changed, but downstream uPA signaling was altered (increased plasminogen activator inhibitor-1, uPAR) that induced collagen and airway remodeling.

Is There Gender Disparity in RANZCR Radiation Oncology Grants and Prizes Success?

Introduction: Recent RANZCR studies have demonstrated gender disparity in research publication output of both radiation oncology (RO) trainees and specialists, favouring men. The purpose of this project was to examine success rates by gender of grant and prize (G&P) submissions to the RO Research Committee (RORC) to determine if anything needs to be done about the appraisal process to potentially address that disparity.

Methods: College records between 2011 and 2024 (where applicable) were searched by gender for one RO trainee, and two other research manuscript prizes, and two research grant rounds.

Interprofessional collaboration between pharmacists and community health workers: a scoping review.

Introduction: Community health workers (CHWs) help bridge the cultural gap between health services and the communities they serve. CHWs work with physicians, nurses and social workers, but little is known about their collaboration with pharmacists. This scoping review aims to describe the interprofessional collaboration between CHWs and pharmacists, the types of interventions they deliver and CHWs' and pharmacists' specific roles within these interventions.

Machine learning algorithms for predicting PTSD: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This study aimed to compare and evaluate the prediction accuracy and risk of bias (ROB) of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) predictive models. We conducted a systematic review and random-effect meta-analysis summarizing predictive model development and validation studies using machine learning in diverse samples to predict PTSD. Model performances were pooled using the area under the curve (AUC) with a 95% confidence interval (CI).

Major F plasmid clusters are linked with ColV and pUTI89-like marker genes in bloodstream isolates of Escherichia coli.

Background: F plasmids are abundant in E. coli, carrying a variety of genetic cargo involved in fitness, pathogenicity, and antimicrobial resistance. ColV and pUTI89-like plasmids have drawn attention for their potential roles in various forms of extra-intestinal pathogenicity.

Burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in China and its provinces, 1990-2021: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Background: Depressive and anxiety disorders constitute a major component of the disease burden of mental disorders in China.

Aims: To comprehensively evaluate the disease burden of depressive and anxiety disorders in China.

Method: The raw data is sourced from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021.

Wellbeing and quality of life among parents of individuals with Fontan physiology.

Purpose: To examine global and health-related quality of life (QOL) among parents of individuals with Fontan physiology and determine associations with sociodemographic, parent and child-related health, psychological, and relational factors.

Methods: Parents participating in the Australian and New Zealand Fontan Registry (ANZFR) QOL Study (N = 151, Parent Mean age = 47.9 ± 10.

Psychotropic Polypharmacy in Dementia: A Retrospective Analysis for People with Neuropsychiatric Symptoms Referred to an Australian Dementia Support Service.

Background And Objectives: Despite their limited benefits and serious adverse effects, psychotropics remain frequently prescribed for neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) of dementia. Psychotropic polypharmacy, the use of two or more concomitant psychotropic medications, is therefore not recommended for people with dementia. The objectives of this study were to investigate the prevalence of psychotropic polypharmacy in Australians living with dementia whose caregivers sought external NPS support from Dementia Support Australia (DSA; the national provider of NPS support) and the association of psychotropic polypharmacy with their demographics and NPS characteristics.

Interactive and unimodal relationships between plant biomass, abiotic factors, and plant diversity in global grasslands.

Grasslands cover approximately a third of the Earth's land surface and account for about a third of terrestrial carbon storage. Yet, we lack strong predictive models of grassland plant biomass, the primary source of carbon in grasslands. This lack of predictive ability may arise from the assumption of linear relationships between plant biomass and the environment and an underestimation of interactions of environmental variables.

Pembrolizumab and chemotherapy in high-risk, early-stage, ER/HER2 breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Addition of pembrolizumab to neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by adjuvant pembrolizumab improved outcomes in patients with high-risk, early-stage, triple-negative breast cancer. However, whether the addition of neoadjuvant pembrolizumab to chemotherapy would improve outcomes in high-risk, early-stage, estrogen receptor-positive/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (ER/HER2) breast cancer remains unclear. We conducted a double-blind, placebo-controlled phase 3 study (KEYNOTE-756) in which patients with previously untreated ER/HER2 grade 3 high-risk invasive breast cancer (T1c-2 (≥2 cm), cN1-2 or T3-4, cN0-2) were randomly assigned (1:1) to neoadjuvant pembrolizumab 200 mg or placebo Q3W given with paclitaxel QW for 12 weeks, followed by four cycles of doxorubicin or epirubicin plus cyclophosphamide Q2W or Q3W.

Differences between the normal and perceived appropriate portion sizes of discretionary foods.

Background: There are limited data on the amount of discretionary foods that people normally consume and consider as appropriate at one eating occasion. This study aimed to provide an overview of the range and assess differences of the 'normal portion size' and 'perceived appropriate portion size' of energy-dense nutrient-poor discretionary foods among consumers aged 18-65 years.

Methods: To measure normal and perceived appropriate portion sizes, a validated online image-series questionnaire consisting of eight successive portion size options for 15 discretionary foods was completed at two timepoints.

Insights from a century of data reveal global trends in ex situ living plant collections.

Ex situ living plant collections play a crucial role in providing nature-based solutions to twenty-first century global challenges. However, the complex dynamics of these artificial ecosystems are poorly quantified and understood, affecting biodiversity storage, conservation and utilization. To evaluate the management of ex situ plant diversity, we analysed a century of data comprising 2.

Molten Sn solvent expands liquid metal catalysis.

Regulating favorable assemblies of metallic atoms in the liquid state provides promise for catalyzing various chemical reactions. Expanding the selection of metallic solvents, especially those with unique properties and low cost, enables access to distinctive fluidic atomic structures on the surface of liquid alloys and offers economic feasibility. Here, Sn solvent, as a low-cost commodity, supports unique atomic assemblies at the interface of molten SnInCu, which are highly selective for H synthesis from hydrocarbons.

Developing multifactorial dementia prediction models using clinical variables from cohorts in the US and Australia.

Existing dementia prediction models using non-neuroimaging clinical measures have been limited in their ability to identify disease. This study used machine learning to re-examine the diagnostic potential of clinical measures for dementia. Data was sourced from the Australian Imaging, Biomarkers, and Lifestyle Flagship Study of Ageing (AIBL) and the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI).

Erratum: Meningococcal Surveillance Australia: Reporting period 1 April to 30 June 2024.

Erratum to 2024;48. (doi: 10.33321/cdi.

Risk of bias tools for medication adherence research: RoBIAS and RoBOAS.

Aims: An unbiased means of documenting medication-taking is important to ensure quality evidence about adherence research and to accurately identify individuals at risk of suboptimal adherence for the development of targeted and effective interventions. Guidance to assist researchers in the understanding of risk of bias when conducting or reviewing adherence research is currently not available. To address this gap, tools to identify and gauge the magnitude of important biases that may impact adherence research have been developed.

Tibial Plateau Angle Changes following Repair of Salter-Harris Type 1 and 2 Fractures in Dogs.

Objective:  To determine (1) whether the tibial plateau angle (TPA) in dogs with Salter-Harris type 1 (SH-1) or type 2 (SH-2) fractures of the proximal tibial physis significantly decreases in the time between diagnosis and reevaluation following surgical repair and (2) whether the method of surgical repair influences the change in TPA over time.

Study Design:  This study was a retrospective study. Medical records from 2017 to 2022 were reviewed to identify dogs with SH-1 or SH-2 fractures of the proximal tibial physis that had undergone surgical repair with Kirschner wires (K-wires), with or without a tibial tuberosity tension band.