The Effect of Financial Scarcity on Reinforcer Pathology: A Dyadic Developmental Examination.

This study investigated the effects of experimentally manipulated scarcity on the reinforcing value of food (RRVfood) and delay discounting (DD), which, together, create reinforcer pathology (RP) among parents and offspring. A stratified sample of 106 families (53 parent/child aged 7−10 dyads & 53 parent/adolescent aged 15−17 dyads) from high- and low-income households visited our laboratory for three appointments. Each appointment included an experimental manipulation of financial gains and losses and DD and RRV tasks.

Group vs traditional prenatal care for improving racial equity in preterm birth and low birthweight: the Centering and Racial Disparities randomized clinical trial study.

Background: The United States has persistently high rates of preterm birth and low birthweight and is characterized by significant racial disparities in these rates. Innovative group prenatal care models, such as CenteringPregnancy, have been proposed as a potential approach to improve the rates of preterm birth and low birthweight and to reduce disparities in these pregnancy outcomes.

Objective: This study aimed to test whether participation in group prenatal care would reduce the rates of preterm birth and low birthweight compared with individual prenatal care and whether group prenatal care would reduce the racial disparity in these rates between Black and White patients.

Job attributes valued by physicians, PAs, and NPs: A cross-sectional survey.

Objective: This study evaluated the relative importance of job-, community-, and individual-related factors that contribute to job choice among physicians, physician assistants (PAs), and NPs, to inform policy options to recruit clinicians to rural areas.

Methods: A cross-sectional online survey of PA preceptors from three institutions in two states. Participants were asked to rate the importance of 16 job-, community-, and individual-related factors when choosing a job.

Retrospective Cohort Evaluating the Comparative Effectiveness of Ceftaroline and Daptomycin as First-Line Therapies for Inpatient Treatment of Diabetic Foot Infection in the United States Veterans Health Care System.

Background: Both ceftaroline and daptomycin are possible therapeutic options for diabetic foot infection (DFI) and both are active against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection; however, no previous studies have evaluated their effectiveness head-to-head.

Objective: This study compared hospital readmission and mortality proportions among patients receiving ceftaroline fosamil or daptomycin for DFI.

Patients And Methods: This was a retrospective cohort, comparative effectiveness study of adults (aged ≥ 18 years) admitted to United States Veterans Health Care System hospitals with a diagnosis code for DFI between 1 October 2010 and 30 September 2014 with an electronic order for ceftaroline or daptomycin as first-line therapy within 14 days of admission.

Dietary practices and supplement use among CrossFit® participants.

Background: CrossFit® is a popular high-intensity functional training program. CrossFit® participants may practice popular diets or consume dietary and sports supplements to support their health or physical pursuits, but the specific dietary and supplement practices of CrossFit® participants remain unknown.

Methods: An electronic questionnaire was developed to collect data on practice of popular diets (i.

Differences in Motivating Factors for SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination and Perceptions of Infection Risk among Healthcare and EMS Personnel in South Carolina.

Objectives: Although medical workers were prioritized to receive the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, many have declined. Even though studies have investigated differences in COVID-19-related attitudes and vaccination for workers in hospitals and long-term care facilities, none have included emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. We investigated the association between type of medical worker (EMS vs healthcare worker [HCW]) and COVID-19 vaccination, vaccine beliefs, vaccine motivators, personal protection behaviors, and risk perceptions.

Post-Hospital Availability of Instrumental Support May Influence Patients' Readiness for Discharge.

Purpose Of Study: Evaluate the relationship between unplanned acute care utilization after discharge from an index hospital admission and registered nurse and patient perceptions of available instrumental support the patient would have after discharge.

Primary Practice Setting: Three hospitals in a large regional hospital system in the southeastern United States.

Methodology And Sample: Retrospective, secondary quantitative analysis of 13,361 patient records (mean age 58.

Social Capital, Urbanization Level, and COVID-19 Vaccination Uptake in the United States: A National Level Analysis.

Vaccination remains the most promising mitigation strategy for the COVID-19 pandemic. However, existing literature shows significant disparities in vaccination uptake in the United States. Using publicly available national-level data, we aimed to explore if county-level social capital can further explain disparities in vaccination uptake rates when adjusting for demographic and social determinants of health (SDOH) variables, and if association between social capital and vaccination uptake may vary by urbanization level.

Neglecting physician desires to teach at an academic medical facility: A mixed method investigation of the consequences.

Purpose: Recent findings have suggested that physicians who spend more time participating in their most meaningful job activities (e.g. teaching) are less likely to experience burnout.

It's the Experience: A Course Redesign to Shift Student Perspectives on Population-Centered Nursing.

An innovative experiential learning activity in an online undergraduate population health nursing course provided an authentic experience that connected course content with abstract concepts and patient situations. To address identified application needs, the design incorporated social determinants of health to enhance realism and applicability and build readiness for nursing practice through the experience.

The Mutual Influence of the World Health Organization (WHO) and Twitter Users During COVID-19: Network Agenda-Setting Analysis.

Background: Little is known about the role of the World Health Organization (WHO) in communicating with the public on social media during a global health emergency. More specifically, there is no study about the relationship between the agendas of the WHO and Twitter users during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: This study utilizes the network agenda-setting model to investigate the mutual relationship between the agenda of the WHO's official Twitter account and the agenda of 7.

Mobile Eye Tracking Captures Changes in Attention Over Time During a Naturalistic Threat Paradigm in Behaviorally Inhibited Children.

Attentional biases to and away from threat are considered hallmarks of temperamental Behavioral Inhibition (BI), which is a documented risk factor for social anxiety disorder. However, most research on affective attentional biases has traditionally been constrained to computer screens, where stimuli often lack ecological validity. Moreover, prior research predominantly focuses on momentary presentations of stimuli, rather than examining how attention may change over the course of prolonged exposure to salient people and objects.

Slowing Parkinson's Disease Progression with Vaccination and Other Immunotherapies.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder. There are several recognized pathways leading up to dopaminergic neuron loss in the substantia nigra pars compacta and other cells in the brain as a result of age-related, genetic, environmental, and other processes. Of these, the most prominent is the role played by the protein α-synuclein, which aggregates and is the primary component of Lewy bodies, the histopathological hallmark of PD.

Structural Inequities, HIV Community-Based Organizations, and the End of the HIV Epidemic.

Community-based organizations (CBOs) are integral to achieving the goal of Ending the HIV epidemic (EHE). Their familiarity with and proximity to communities position them to effectively implement strategies necessary to address determinants of health through their formal and informal medical and social services. However, structural inequities have contributed to the demise of many organizations that were instrumental in early responses to the HIV epidemic.

The opioid reduction task force: using the ACHQC Data Registry to combat an epidemic in hernia patients.

Purpose: Post-operative opioid prescriptions contribute to prolonged opioid misuse and abuse. Using a national hernia registry, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a data-driven educational intervention on surgeon prescribing behavior.

Methods: After collecting opioid prescribing and patient consumption data from March 2019-December 2019 in inguinal and umbilical hernia repair, the Abdominal Core Health Quality Collaborative (ACHQC) Opioid Reduction Task Force presented data at a Quality Improvement (QI) Summit to educate surgeons on strategies to minimize opioid prescribing.

Leveraging Innovation to Design a Psychiatric Mental Health Simulation for Undergraduate Nursing Students During the COVID-19 Global Pandemic.

Undergraduate nursing students experience challenges integrating didactic knowledge into the clinical care of clients living with psychiatric mental illness. Simulation can be a successful teaching strategy to mitigate some of these challenges. The aim of this pilot simulation experience was to understand how academic technology and telehealth competencies could be leveraged to support the success of standardized patient simulations for nursing students during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Adult Acquired Flatfoot Deformity.

Adult acquired flatfoot deformity (AAFD) is a condition commonly seen by orthopaedic surgeons. Posterior tibial tendon dysfunction is thought to be the initial pathoanatomic etiology that leads to this deformity. Successful resolution of the pain associated with AAFD can be achievable with nonsurgical methods.

Managing Wound Dehiscence With Mechanical Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: A Case Report.

Mechanical negative pressure wound therapy (mNPWT) is commonly used in the management of a variety of wounds, including diabetic foot ulcerations, surgical wounds, venous ulcerations, and wound dehiscence. This mechanically powered, disposable modality can be used to manage wounds in the outpatient setting and has been shown to be an effective wound care option when transitioning patients from the inpatient to outpatient setting and continuing NPWT for wound care. Mechanical NPWT helps promote wound healing by decreasing edema and via removal of tissue debris and exudate.

The ICN Global Nursing Leadership Institute: Integrating the SDGs into Leadership and Policy Development.

This article is one in a series in which contributing authors discuss how the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are linked to everyday clinical issues; national public health emergencies; and other nursing issues, such as leadership, shared governance, and advocacy. The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, a 15-year plan of action to achieve the goals, was unanimously adopted by all UN member states in September 2015 and took effect on January 1, 2016. The Agenda consists of 17 SDGs addressing social, economic, and environmental determinants of health and 169 associated targets focused on five themes: people, planet, peace, prosperity, and partnership.

Transgender and nonbinary individuals and ICT-driven information practices in response to transexclusionary healthcare systems: a qualitative study.

Objective: This qualitative research examines how transgender and gender nonbinary (T/GNB) persons from South Carolina navigate informational barriers within healthcare systems. This navigation can be described through the lens of information practices, or how T/GNB participants create, seek, use, and share information to achieve desired healthcare outcomes. Special focus is given to the roles of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in shaping these practices.

Predictors of Prolonged Fluoroscopy Exposure in Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography: Results From the Large Pediatric Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography Database Initiative Multicenter Cohort.

Background And Aims: Ionizing radiation exposure during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important quality issue especially in children. We aim to identify factors associated with extended fluoroscopy time (FT) in children undergoing ERCP.

Methods: ERCP on children <18 years from 15 centers were entered prospectively into a REDCap database from May 2014 until May 2018.

Profiles of Naturalistic Attentional Trajectories Associated with Internalizing Behaviors in School-Age Children: A Mobile Eye Tracking Study.

The temperament profile Behavioral Inhibition (BI) is a strong predictor of internalizing behaviors in childhood. Patterns of attention towards or away from threat are a commonality of both BI and internalizing behaviors. Attention biases are traditionally measured with computer tasks presenting affective stimuli, which can lack ecological validity.