Pilot-scale evaluation of sulfite-activated ferrate for water reuse applications.

Ferrate is a promising, "green" (i.e., iron-based) pre-oxidation technology in water treatment, but there has been limited research on its potential benefits in a water reuse (wastewater recycling) paradigm.

More Than Meets the Eyes: Bringing Attention to the Eyes Increases First Impressions of Warmth and Competence.

The present research examined how face masks alter first impressions of warmth and competence for different racial groups. Participants were randomly assigned to view photographs of White, Black, and Asian targets with or without masks. Across four separate studies (total = 1,012), masked targets were rated significantly higher in warmth and competence compared with unmasked targets, regardless of their race.

Association between median household income, state Medicaid expansion status, and COVID-19 outcomes across US counties.

Objective: To study the relationship between county-level COVID-19 outcomes (incidence and mortality) and county-level median household income and status of Medicaid expansion of US counties.

Methods: Retrospective analysis of 3142 US counties was conducted to study the relationship between County-level median-household-income and COVID-19 incidence and mortality per 100,000 people in US counties, January-20th-2021 through December-6th-2021. County median-household-income was log-transformed and stratified by quartiles.

Quantitative Assessment of the Impact of Crohn's Disease on Protein Abundance of Human Intestinal Drug-Metabolising Enzymes and Transporters.

Crohn's disease affects the mucosal layer of the intestine, predominantly ileum and colon segments, with the potential to affect the expression of intestinal enzymes and transporters, and consequently, oral drug bioavailability. We carried out a quantitative proteomic analysis of inflamed and non-inflamed ileum and colon tissues from Crohn's disease patients and healthy donors. Homogenates from samples in each group were pooled and protein abundance determined by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS).

Midline Catheters: Could They Replace a Central Vascular Access Device?

In the past 30 years, midline catheter use has grown rapidly. For several reasons, many providers and facilities are attempting to reduce the number of central venous catheters and subsequent central line-associated bloodstream infections (CLABSIs) by using midline catheters. Vessel preservation requires attention to all vascular access device (VAD)-associated complications and not only central line bloodstream infection.

Avoid or Embrace? Practice Effects in Alzheimer's Disease Prevention Trials.

Demonstrating a slowing in the rate of cognitive decline is a common outcome measure in clinical trials in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Selection of cognitive endpoints typically includes modeling candidate outcome measures in the many, richly phenotyped observational cohort studies available. An important part of choosing cognitive endpoints is a consideration of improvements in performance due to repeated cognitive testing (termed "practice effects").

Survival and recovery modeling of acute kidney injury in critically ill adults.

Objectives: Acute kidney injury is common among the critically ill. However, the incidence, medication use, and outcomes of acute kidney injury have been variably described. We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study to examine the risk factors and correlates associated with acute kidney injury in critically ill adults with a particular focus on medication class usage.

Treatment outcomes associated with medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) among criminal justice-referred admissions to residential treatment in the U.S., 2015-2018.

Aims: To examine the use and association of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD) with treatment completion and retention for criminal justice referred (CJR) admissions to residential treatment.

Methods: A retrospective analysis of the Treatment Episode Dataset-Discharge (TEDS-D; 2015-2018) for adults (N = 205,348) admitted to short-term (ST) (< 30 days) or long-term (LT) (>30 days) residential treatment for OUD. Outcomes were MOUD in treatment plans, and treatment completion and retention (ST >10 days; LT > 90 days).

Proteomic quantification of perturbation to pharmacokinetic target proteins in liver disease.

Model-based assessment of drug pharmacokinetics in liver disease requires quantification of abundance and disease-related changes in hepatic enzymes and transporters. This study aimed to assess performance of three label-free methods [high N (HiN), intensity-based absolute quantification (iBAQ) and total protein approach (TPA)] against QconCAT-based targeted data in healthy and diseased (cancer and cirrhosis) liver tissue. Measurements were compared across methods and disease-to-control ratios provided a 'disease perturbation factor' (DPF) for each protein.

Measurement Invariance and Application of an Alcohol-Related Consequence Scale for American Indian Adolescents.

American Indian (AI) adolescents experience disproportionate alcohol-related consequences. The present study evaluated the psychometric properties and application of the American Drug and Alcohol Survey (ADAS™) alcohol-related consequence scale for AI adolescents through a secondary analysis of a large population-based sample of adolescents living on or near AI reservations. We found support for the ADAS alcohol-related consequence scale as a one-factor model, invariant discretely across race, sex assigned at birth, and age, and with good internal consistency.

Allostatic Load and Mortality: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Introduction: Allostatic load, a measure of stress-related physiologic dysregulation, is associated with numerous mortality risk factors. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the relationship between high allostatic load (i.e.

Mammals adjust diel activity across gradients of urbanization.

Time is a fundamental component of ecological processes. How animal behavior changes over time has been explored through well-known ecological theories like niche partitioning and predator-prey dynamics. Yet, changes in animal behavior within the shorter 24-hr light-dark cycle have largely gone unstudied.

Improving Accuracy in Documenting Cardiopulmonary Arrest Events.

Purpose: Traditional paper documentation of cardiopulmonary arrest (CPA) events is often inaccurate and incomplete. Electronic documentation supports appropriate process improvements and optimal patient care and contributes to greater accuracy in national databases from which national benchmarks are derived. The aim of this quality improvement initiative was to compare the timeliness and accuracy of paper-based versus electronic documentation of live CPA events.

Reduced asthma morbidity during COVID-19 in minority children: is medication adherence a reason?

Objectives: Asthma control improved during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study examined objectively measured medication adherence, asthma morbidity and quality of life (QoL) outcomes in Black and Latinx children by month for January-June 2019 (pre-COVID) compared to January-June 2020 (including first peak of COVID).

Methods: Secondary analyses of 94 children with asthma (ages 10-17 years, 64% Latinx, 36% Black) and their caregivers assigned to the comparison group of a longitudinal RCT intervention trial.

Label-Free but Still Constrained: Assessment of Global Proteomic Strategies for the Quantification of Hepatic Enzymes and Transporters.

Building and refining pharmacology models require "system" data derived from tissues and in vitro systems analyzed by quantitative proteomics. Label-free global proteomics offers a wide scope of analysis, allowing simultaneous quantification of thousands of proteins per sample. The data generated from such analysis offer comprehensive protein expression profiles that can address existing gaps in models.

A Neuropsychological Perspective on Defining Cognitive Impairment in the Clinical Study of Alzheimer's Disease: Towards a More Continuous Approach.

The global fight against Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses unique challenges for the field of neuropsychology. Along with the increased focus on early detection of AD pathophysiology, characterizing the earliest clinical stage of the disease has become a priority. We believe this is an important time for neuropsychology to consider how our approach to the characterization of cognitive impairment can be improved to detect subtle cognitive changes during early-stage AD.

Assembly and architecture of Escherichia coli divisome proteins FtsA and FtsZ.

During Escherichia coli cell division, an intracellular complex of cell division proteins known as the Z-ring assembles at midcell during early division and serves as the site of constriction. While the predominant protein in the Z-ring is the widely conserved tubulin homolog FtsZ, the actin homolog FtsA tethers the Z-ring scaffold to the cytoplasmic membrane by binding to FtsZ. While FtsZ is known to function as a dynamic, polymerized GTPase, the assembly state of its partner, FtsA, and the role of ATP are still unclear.

Degradation of the E. coli antitoxin MqsA by the proteolytic complex ClpXP is regulated by zinc occupancy and oxidation.

It is well established that the antitoxins of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems are selectively degraded by bacterial proteases in response to stress. However, how distinct stressors result in the selective degradation of specific antitoxins remain unanswered. MqsRA is a TA system activated by various stresses, including oxidation.

Understanding the Language of Health Reform.

COVID-19 has accelerated the dialogue surrounding access to health insurance, including the potential for a public option, "Medicare for All," or modification of the 2010 Affordable Care Act. A dizzying array of terms and assertions surround these health policy discussions, as well as misrepresentation and lack of specificity. This article offers a primer on contemporary reform terms and options that are likely to be prominent over the next several years and outlines some health care-related elements of the American Rescue Plan Act, a massive COVID-relief act passed in March 2021.

Fatal infection with sp. in a muskrat, with implications for human health.

The tapeworms are a family of helminths that have a similar life cycle, with intermediate hosts developing characteristic cysts in visceral organs. We describe here a case in Pennsylvania, USA, of fatal infection in a muskrat (), which, to our knowledge, has not been reported to develop disease associated with infection. Postmortem examination revealed widespread tissue loss and replacement by solid-bodied cestode larvae with minimal adjacent inflammation in many visceral organs, most severe in the lungs, liver, and brain.