Double Porphyrin Cage Compounds.

The synthesis and characterization of double porphyrin cage compounds are described. They consist of two porphyrins that are each attached to a diphenylglycoluril-based clip molecule via four ethyleneoxy spacers, and are linked together by a single alkyl chain using "click"-chemistry. Following a newly developed multistep synthesis procedure we report three of these double porphyrin cages, linked by spacers of different lengths, i.

Trematode families and genera: have we found them all?

The proposal of new trematode families has almost stopped. Many new genera are still being proposed, but the number has fallen below historical rates. For most of the history of description of trematodes there have been more genera known from tetrapods than from fishes, but this pattern has reversed recently.

The CHAPS, SIFTER, and TAPS-R as predictors of (C)AP skills and (C)APD.

Purpose: In this study, the authors investigated the relationships between 3 tests used to screen for (central) auditory processing disorder ([C]APD)--the Children's Auditory Performance Scale (CHAPS; W. J. Smoski, M.

Directional control-response relationships for mining equipment.

A variety of directional control-response relationships are currently found in mining equipment. Two experiments were conducted in a virtual environment to determine optimal direction control-response relationships in a wide variety of circumstances. Direction errors were measured as a function of control orientation (horizontal or vertical), location (left, front, right) and directional control-response relationships.

Reducing control selection errors associated with underground bolting equipment.

Selecting the incorrect control during the operation of underground bolting and drilling equipment causes serious injuries. Shape coding and the layout of dual control banks are two aspects of control design which require further examination. The aims of this research were: (i) to determine whether arbitrary shape coding was effective in reducing selection error rates in a virtual analogy of roof-bolting; and (ii) to determine whether any advantages exist for mirror or place layouts for dual control situations in this situation.

Treatment of newly diagnosed diabetic cats with glargine insulin improves glycaemic control and results in higher probability of remission than protamine zinc and lente insulins.

Glycaemic control and remission probabilities were compared in 24 newly diagnosed diabetic cats treated twice daily with either glargine, protamine zinc (PZI) or lente insulin and fed a low carbohydrate diet. After day 17, the probability of remission was substantially higher for cats with lower mean 12h blood glucose concentrations on day 17, irrespective of insulin type. Glargine-treated cats had lower mean 12h blood glucose concentrations on day 17 than PZI- or lente-treated cats, and all eight glargine-treated cats achieved remission compared to three PZI- and two lente-treated cats.

Prevention of hypertension in DOCA-salt rats by an inhibitor of soluble epoxide hydrolase.

Cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase metabolism of arachidonic acid produces compounds important in cardiovascular control. Further, arachidonic acid can be metabolised by cytochrome p450 to produce epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs). These derivatives are inactivated by soluble epoxide hydrolase (sEH).

Complex life cycles and offspring provisioning in marine invertebrates.

Offspring size can have pervasive effects throughout an organism's life history. Mothers can make either a few large or many small offspring, and the balance between these extremes is determined by the relationship between offspring size and performance. This relationship in turn is thought to be determined by the offspring's environment.

Increased calcium influx mediates increased cardiac stiffness in hyperthyroid rats.

Cardiac remodeling (hypertrophy and fibrosis) and an increased left ventricular diastolic stiffness characterize models of hypertension such as the SHR and DOCA-salt hypertensive rats. By contrast, hyperthyroidism induces hypertrophy and hypertension, yet collagen expression and deposition is unchanged or decreased, whereas diastolic stiffness is increased. We determined the possible role of increased calcium influx in the development of increased diastolic stiffness in hyperthyroidism by administering verapamil (15 mg/[kg x d] orally) to rats given triiodothyronine (T3) (0.

The Melt Viscosity of Dendritic Poly(benzyl ether) Macromolecules.

The zero shear melt viscosity, eta0, for a variety of dendritic poly(benzyl ether) macromolecules has been measured. The viscosity of low generation dendrimers exhibits a strong molecular mass, M, dependence, yet, direct proportionality between eta0 and M is observed at higher generations. The viscosity scales with M for mono- and tridendrons rather than generation number.

Angiotensin receptors in cardiac and renal hypertrophy in rats.

Angiotensin II mediates its effects through activation of specific angiotensin (AT) receptors which can be regulated during cardiovascular disease. This study has investigated whether an increased cardiac and renal AT receptor density is important in the development of left ventricular and renal hypertrophy in three rat models of hypertension [spontaneous hypertensive (SHR), deoxycorticosterone acetate (DOCA)-salt and 2K1C renal hypertensive rats]. Although all hypertensive rats developed left ventricular and renal hypertrophy, AT receptor density increased only in the left ventricle and kidney of SHR during the development of hypertension.