Assessing spatial sequencing and imaging approaches to capture the molecular and pathological heterogeneity of archived cancer tissues.

Spatial transcriptomics (ST) offers enormous potential to decipher the biological and pathological heterogeneity in precious archival cancer tissues. Traditionally, these tissues have rarely been used and only examined at a low throughput, most commonly by histopathological staining. ST adds thousands of times as many molecular features to histopathological images, but critical technical issues and limitations require more assessment of how ST performs on fixed archival tissues.

A 3D decoupling Alzheimer's disease prediction network based on structural MRI.

Purpose: This paper aims to develop a three-dimensional (3D) Alzheimer's disease (AD) prediction method, thereby bettering current predictive methods, which struggle to fully harness the potential of structural magnetic resonance imaging (sMRI) data.

Methods: Traditional convolutional neural networks encounter pressing difficulties in accurately focusing on the AD lesion structure. To address this issue, a 3D decoupling, self-attention network for AD prediction is proposed.

Early subacute frontal callosal microstructure and language outcomes after stroke.

The integrity of the frontal segment of the corpus callosum, forceps minor, is particularly susceptible to age-related degradation and has been associated with cognitive outcomes in both healthy and pathological ageing. The predictive relevance of forceps minor integrity in relation to cognitive outcomes following a stroke remains unexplored. Our goal was to evaluate whether the heterogeneity of forceps minor integrity, assessed early after stroke onset (2-6 weeks), contributes to explaining variance in longitudinal outcomes in post-stroke aphasia.

Emergency laparotomy preoperative risk assessment tool performance: A systematic review.

Background: Preoperative assessment of risk for emergency laparotomy may enhance decision making with regards to urgency or perioperative critical care admission and promote a more informed consent process for patients. Accordingly, we aimed to assess the performance of risk assessment tools in predicting mortality after emergency laparotomy.

Methods: PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and CINAHL were searched to 12 February 2022 for observational studies reporting expected mortality based on a preoperative risk assessment and actual mortality after emergency laparotomy.

Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth in chronic liver disease: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis of case-control studies.

Background: Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO) has been implicated in the pathophysiology of chronic liver disease (CLD). We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to assess and compare the prevalence of SIBO among CLD patients (with and without with complications of end stage liver disease) and healthy controls.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched from inception up to July-2024 for case-control studies reporting SIBO in CLD.

State of precision medicine for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction in a new therapeutic age.

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is defined by heart failure (HF) with a left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) of at least 50%. HFpEF has a complex and heterogeneous pathophysiology with multiple co-morbidities contributing to its presentation. Establishing the diagnosis of HFpEF can be challenging.

Marine heatwaves imperil emblematic reef fishes by altering the energetic landscape of coral reefs.

Marine heatwaves are increasingly common due to human-induced climate change. Under prolonged thermal stress on coral reefs, corals can undergo bleaching, leading to mass coral mortality and large-scale changes in benthic community composition. While coral mortality has clear, negative impacts on the body condition and populations of coral-dependent fish species, the mechanisms that drive these changes remain poorly resolved.

The Kids Pain Collaborative: A Hybrid Type 3 Implementation Effectiveness Study Transforming Paediatric Pain Care in the Emergency Department.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of a participatory, action-oriented implementation study, guided by the integrated Promoting Action on Research Implementation in Health Services framework, for optimising pain care processes in a tertiary paediatric emergency department.

Design: Hybrid type 3 implementation effectiveness.

Methods: A collaborative appraisal of the context and culture of pain care informed two interdependent action cycles: Enabling nurse-initiated analgesia and involving families in pain care.

A Y-shaped sphenoidal sinus septum: a case report.

The sphenoidal sinus septum is one of the most important landmarks during endonasal endoscopic transsphe-noidal operations. During routine coronal sectioning of the face, we found a variant Y-shaped septum in the sphenoidal sinus of a female cadaver. This unusual septum was found between two sections (anterior and posterior sections) and located inferior to the pituitary gland.

Therapeutic Potential of Menstrual Blood-Derived Stem Cells in Attenuating Uterine Adhesion: Novel Strategies and Future Prospect.

Intrauterine Adhesions (IUAs) are characterized by endometrial damage due to endometritis or curettage. Currently, the gold standard for IUA treatment is hysteroscopy, which enables the dissolution of IUA through mechanical or electrosurgical energy. Common strategies to prevent recurrence include the insertion of a balloon catheter or IUD in the uterus.

Timely access to specialist outpatient care: can applying systems thinking unblock our waiting lists?

Background: The purpose of this qualitative study was to focus on review and repeat review outpatients and the structural role they play in exacerbating waitlists for Specialist Outpatient (SOP) services in Queensland. Waitlists, which record the number of patients waiting for an initial consultation (new appointment), are an indicator of a health system under strain. Waiting too long to access SOP can have a detrimental effect on people's health outcomes.

Epigenome-wide association study of objectively measured physical activity in peripheral blood leukocytes.

Background: Few studies have explored the association between DNA methylation and physical activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of objectively measured hours of sedentary behavior (SB) and moderate physical activity (MPA) with DNA methylation. We further aimed to explore the association between SB or MPA related CpG sites and cardiometabolic traits, gene expression, and genetic variation.

Impact of COVID-19 on Antimicrobial Stewardship Activities in Hospitalised Children: A Scoping Review.

Aim: COVID-19 has brought unprecedented challenges to the healthcare system. The rapid spread of the virus, laboratory burn-out, exhausted staff, diagnostic uncertainty and lack of guidelines cumulatively disrupted hospital antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) programs. This scoping review evaluated how the COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the implementation of AMS, particularly within the context of clinical audits.

A dataset of Antarctic ecosystems in ice-free lands: classification, descriptions, and maps.

Antarctica, Earth's least understood and most remote continent, is threatened by human disturbances and climate-related changes, underscoring the imperative for biodiversity inventories to inform conservation. Antarctic ecosystems support unique species and genetic diversity, deliver essential ecosystem services and contribute to planetary stability. We present Antarctica's first comprehensive ecosystem classification and map of ice-free lands, which host most of the continent's biodiversity.

Genomics yields biological and phenotypic insights into bipolar disorder.

Bipolar disorder is a leading contributor to the global burden of disease. Despite high heritability (60-80%), the majority of the underlying genetic determinants remain unknown. We analysed data from participants of European, East Asian, African American and Latino ancestries (n = 158,036 cases with bipolar disorder, 2.

Efficacy and empathy of AI chatbots in answering frequently asked questions on oral oncology.

Objectives: Artificial intelligence chatbots have demonstrated feasibility and efficacy in improving health outcomes. In this study, responses from 5 different publicly available AI chatbots-Bing, GPT-3.5, GPT-4, Google Bard, and Claude-to frequently asked questions related to oral cancer were evaluated.

Reducing Quotation Errors in Scientific Manuscripts: A Novel Approach from the Global Andrology Forum.

Purpose: This study investigated 1) the frequency of quotation errors in multi-authored medical manuscripts in andrology, 2) analyzed common types of quotation errors and the methods used to rectify them, and 3) evaluated their impact on manuscript accuracy, credibility, and research conclusions.

Materials And Methods: Twelve manuscripts written by the Global Andrology Forum (GAF) members between 2023 and 2024 were randomly selected for this study. The manuscripts and "Quotation Verification Sheets" were analyzed by senior GAF researchers to detect the number and types of quotation errors.

Machine-learning versus traditional methods for prediction of all-cause mortality after transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Accurate mortality prediction following transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is essential for mitigating risk, shared decision-making and periprocedural planning. Surgical risk models have demonstrated modest discriminative value for patients undergoing TAVI and are typically poorly calibrated, with incremental improvements seen in TAVI-specific models. Machine learning (ML) models offer an alternative risk stratification that may offer improved predictive accuracy.

Veno-venous ECMO intervention for respiratory failure after trauma from a motor vehicle collision.

Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has emerged as a salvage therapy in refractory respiratory failure. Within the literature, there is evidence to support the use of ECMO in severe thoracic trauma; however, there is minimal information on its applicability in mild to moderate thoracic trauma. This report describes a man in his 50s who suffered thoracic trauma following a motor vehicle accident, who, despite maximal medical therapy, experienced deterioration in respiratory function, requiring the commencement of veno-venous ECMO on day 5 post injury and subsequently achieved excellent functional recovery.

Asymmetric role of board diversity on green growth mechanism: Evidence from COP27 framework.

Corporate governance has an ethical and legal obligation to safeguard environment from the effects of business operations. In this vein, our study examines the role of board diversity in green growth, renewable energy, social inclusion, and natural capital protection. A green growth index was created using indicators endorsed by the Global Green Growth Organization to accomplish the research objectives.

Tracking Outcomes Post Intensive Care: Findings of a longitudinal observational study.

Background: Many intensive care unit (ICU) survivors experience new or worsening impairments, termed post-intensive care syndrome. Substantial investment has been made in identifying patients at risk and developing interventions, but evidence remains equivocal. A more nuanced understanding of risk and outcomes is therefore warranted.

The development of social offloading.

Across two experiments, we explored the conditions under which 4- to 11-year-old children (N = 138) were more likely to seek social cognitive helpers and whether they preferentially relied on help from those that had previously shown proficiency in a relevant cognitive context. Children completed a memory task with varying levels of difficulty, after which they were introduced to two characters that exhibited either a high memory ability (task-relevant) or a high motor skill ability (task-irrelevant) in a distinct context. Children then completed the memory task a second time with the option to choose one of the two characters to assist them.

New opportunities for biologically and chemically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus from wastewater.

Biologically mediated adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus (P) from waste streams can restrict environmental P discharges. Here, we appraise progress in this field over the past decade. The research discipline has grown considerably in recent years.