Sequestration of dead-end undecaprenyl phosphate-linked oligosaccharide intermediate.

Most Gram-negative bacteria synthesize a plethora of cell surface polysaccharides that play key roles in immune evasion, cell envelope structural integrity and host-pathogen interactions. In the predominant polysaccharide Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway, synthesis is divided between the cytoplasmic and periplasmic faces of the membrane. Initially, an oligosaccharide composed of 3-8 sugars is synthesized on a membrane-embedded lipid carrier, undecaprenyl pyrophosphate, within the cytoplasmic face of the membrane.

Comparative Genomics Points to Ecological Drivers of Genomic Divergence Among Intertidal Limpets.

Comparative genomic studies of closely related taxa are important for our understanding of the causes of divergence on a changing Earth. This being said, the genomic resources available for marine intertidal molluscs are limited and currently, there are few publicly available high-quality annotated genomes for intertidal species and for molluscs in general. Here we report transcriptome assemblies for six species of Patellogastropoda and genome assemblies and annotations for three of these species (Scurria scurra, Scurria viridula and Scurria zebrina).

High-Efficiency Y6 Homojunction Organic Solar Cells Enabled by a Secondary Hole Transport Layer.

Y6 homojunction solar cells are prepared using the exciton/electron-blocking material poly[9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-N-(4-sec-butylphenyl)diphenylamine] (TFB) as a secondary hole transport layer material in conjunction with PEDOT:PSS. Using this device architecture, a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.57% is achieved, which is the highest reported thus far for a solution-processed small molecule homojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) device.

Review article: Coaching in emergency medicine: A systematic review and future research agenda.

Coaching as a discipline has seen significant growth in medicine over the last decade, especially in medical education, but is at the early stages of recognition in emergency medicine. The objective of this systematic review was to provide insight into the state of coaching practice and research in emergency medicine and outline a future research agenda. Based on PRISMA guidelines, a structured electronic literature search of Embase, Scopus and EBSCOhost was conducted.

Extended-release pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders in incarcerated populations: A systematic review.

Background And Aims: Substance use (SU) is prevalent among individuals in the criminal justice system (CJS). However, there is often poor access to treatment. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of two medications, extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and extended-release buprenorphine (XR-BUP) for the prison population.

Improving cardiometabolic risk factors in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people in northeast Arnhem Land: single arm trial of a co-designed dietary and lifestyle program.

Objective: To evaluate the impact of a 4-month dietary and lifestyle program co-designed and led by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people on weight and metabolic markers, diet, and physical activity in overweight and obese adults in a remote Indigenous community.

Study Design: Single arm, pre-post intervention study.

Setting, Participants: Adult residents (18-65 years) of a remote Northern Territory community with body mass index (BMI) values of at least 25 kg/m or waist circumferences exceeding 94 cm (men) or 80 cm (women).

Women who experience heavy menstrual bleeding: prevalence and characteristics from young adulthood to midlife, Australia, 2000-2021: a longitudinal cohort survey study.

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of heavy menstrual bleeding among Australian women from young adulthood to midlife (22-48 years) and investigate the characteristics of women who experience this condition; to investigate the relationship of heavy menstrual bleeding and health-related quality of life.

Study Design: Longitudinal cohort survey study (Australian Longitudinal Study on Women's Health, ALSWH).

Setting, Participants: Australia; baseline cohort of 14 247 women born during 1973-1978, recruited in 1996; eight post-baseline surveys undertaken at 3-year intervals, 2000-2021.

RhoA and Rac1 as Mechanotransduction Mediators in Colorectal Cancer.

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a leading cause of cancer-related deaths, creating an urgent need for innovative diagnostic solutions. Mechanobiology, a cutting-edge field that investigates how physical forces influence cell behavior, is now revealing new insights into cancer progression. This research focuses on two crucial players: RhoA and Rac1, small yet powerful proteins that regulate the structure and movement of cancer cells.

A best practice guide for conducting healthy food retail research: A resource for researchers and health promotion practitioners.

Retail food environments play a pivotal role in influencing dietary behaviors, and therefore have huge potential as settings for promoting good nutrition and preventing obesity. Conducting research in retail settings can be challenging due to the varied motivations of the parties involved and the complex nature of retail environments. To improve the quality and consistency of research in this field, we have identified 16 thematic topics aimed at guiding researchers and public health practitioners on how to conduct healthy food retail research.

Microbiome Stability Is Linked to Acropora Coral Thermotolerance in Northwestern Philippines.

Corals associate with a diverse community of prokaryotic symbionts that provide nutrition, antioxidants and other protective compounds to their host. However, the influence of microbes on coral thermotolerance remains understudied. Here, we examined the prokaryotic microbial communities associated with colonies of Acropora cf.

Provision of Evidence-Informed Psychological Interventions Following the Queensland (Australia) 2010-11 Floods and Cyclones; the Barriers and Successes.

Objective: The study assessed the impact on clinicians' 'perception of skills' in postdisaster evidence-informed care (EIC) following participation in an online training programme implemented following the Queensland floods and cyclones of 2010-11, clinician confidence to provide EIC, the frequency clinicians used EIC and barriers to providing postdisaster specialist mental health care.

Design: Clinician perception of pre and posttraining skills, confidence in providing therapies such as trauma-focused cognitive behaviour therapy (TF-CBT), frequency of therapies provided and clinician perception of barriers to the programme were assessed quantitatively and qualitatively.

Participants And Setting: Clinical staff (n = 60) employed by the 2010-11 postdisaster mental health programme participated in an online survey conducted over the last 12 weeks of 2012.

An Evaluation of Treatment Time and Intrafraction Motion in Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy.

Introduction: Image guided-radiation therapy (IGRT) protocols are adopted to ensure the accurate dose delivery of patient treatments. This is especially important in hypofractionated treatments, such as stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT), as high doses of radiation are delivered, and incorrect treatment can have a significant impact on tumour control and toxicity. This study aimed to establish mean treatment times from the localisation image to the post-treatment image in SBRT liver, lung and spine patients that utilised Elekta Intrafraction Imaging (IFI).

Rural Eye Care Access, Workforce Challenges and Opportunities: Perspectives of the Eye Health Workforce in Western Australia.

Objective: Rural residents face numerous barriers to accessing eye care services that contribute to disparities in eye health outcomes. This study aimed to explore the perspectives of the rural workforce on opportunities to improve patient access to eye care services, as well as understand the ways the workforce can be supported.

Setting: Regional, rural and remote Western Australia.

Advances and Challenges in SnTe-Based Thermoelectrics.

SnTe-based thermoelectric materials have attracted significant attention for their exceptional performance in mid-to-high temperature ranges, positioning them as promising candidates for thermoelectric power generation. However, their efficiency is constrained by challenges related to electronic structure, defect chemistry, and phonon behavior. This review comprehensively summarizes advancements in SnTe thermoelectric materials and devices over the past five years, focusing on strategies to address these limitations.

Limb-saving emergent procedural sedation and joint reduction via telehealth.

In this case report, we describe the performance of procedural sedation and emergent joint reduction via remote telehealth leadership for a patient with an acutely limb-threatening injury. The patient was a 33-year-old man who presented to a small rural hospital with a fracture dislocation of his ankle complicated by severe pain refractory to opiate analgesia and neurovascular compromise, including absent peripheral pulses and sensory changes. Due to aviation and resource limitation factors, immediate retrieval was not possible.

How does regulation influence euthanasia practice in Belgium? A qualitative exploration of involved doctors' and nurses' perspectives.

Euthanasia has been legal in Belgium since 2002. Despite extensive research exploring Belgian euthanasia practice, investigations into its governing regulatory framework are limited. Existing studies that consider regulation take a 'siloed' approach, generally considering sources of regulation individually, including euthanasia legislation and euthanasia policies.

National Patient Satisfaction Survey as a Predictor for Quality of Care and Quality Improvement - Experience and Practice.

Background: Patient satisfaction is an important predictor of quality of care and hospital services. Patient satisfaction survey provides not only valuable insight into patient experience of care but also evidence that guides quality improvement in both system and organization levels. The paper aims to prove the value of system-wide satisfaction survey of patients and demonstrate whether data collected from a national patient satisfaction survey in three-year period can predict trends in patient experience of care.

Impact of using time-averaged exposure metrics on binary endpoints in exposure-response analyses.

Exposure-response (ER) analyses are routinely performed as part of model-informed drug development to evaluate the risk-to-benefit ratio for dose selection, justification, and confirmation. For logistic regression analyses with binary endpoints, several exposure metrics are investigated, based on pharmacological plausibility, including time-averaged concentration to event (C). C is informative because it accounts for dose interruptions, modifications, and reductions and is therefore often compared against ER relationships identified using steady-state exposures.

Visual Art and Medical Narratives as Universal Connectors in Health Communication: An Exploratory Study.

Health-related information can often be overwhelming for consumers resulting in difficulty in interpretation and application. Historically, art and narratives have played key roles in communication within diverse populations however collectively have received little recognition as a means to enable health literacy. This study aims to investigate patient/caregiver narratives and visual art as a modality to improve knowledge translation and health literacy in the wider community.

Difference of SARS-CoV-2 infection and influence factors between people with and without HIV infection.

Background: There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between HIV status and the risk of COVID-19 infection. Thus, we aimed to estimate the association between characteristics of HIV infection and the risk of COVID-19 Infection in a Chinese sample.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 1995 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 3503 HIV-negative adults in Ningbo, China.

Caerin 1.1/1.9-mediated antitumor immunity depends on IFNAR-Stat1 signalling of tumour infiltrating macrophage by autocrine IFNα and is enhanced by CD47 blockade.

Previously, we demonstrated that natural host-defence peptide caerin 1.1/caerin 1.9 (F1/F3) increases the efficacy of anti-PD-1 and therapeutic vaccine, in a HPV16 + TC-1 tumour model, but the anti-tumor mechanism of F1/F3 is still unclear.

Amphibian cellular immune response to chytridiomycosis at metamorphic climax.

The fungal disease chytridiomycosis (caused by Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis [Bd]) is a primary contributor to amphibian declines. The frog metamorphic stages, characterised by extensive physiological reorganisation and energy expenditure, have heightened susceptibility to Bd. However, little is known about how these metamorphic stages respond immunologically to Bd infection.

Negative Reactions to Positive Gender Stereotypes: Different Levels of Positivity Elicit Similar Negative Reactions.

Positive stereotypes may elicit targets' negative reactions, but it is not well understood whether targets react differently to various levels of such stereotypes. Two studies examined targets' negative reactions to various levels of positive gender stereotypes. Chinese students were recruited as participants (N = 1204), who were randomly assigned to the somewhat, moderately, or extremely positive gender stereotype conditions or the control condition.

Multiplexing Label-Free Polymeric Nanocarriers via Antipolymer Antibodies.

Recent examples of immune responses directed against the synthetic polymer poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) have led to the development of biocompatible polymers, which are viewed as promising candidates to act as surrogate materials for use in biological applications, such as hydrophilic poly(2-oxazoline)s (POx). Despite this, the characterization of critical aspects of the immune response against these emerging materials is sparse, in part because no known monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) against this family of synthetic material have been reported. To advance the understanding of such responses, we report the successful isolation and characterization of hybridoma-derived mAbs with excellent specificity for different POx species and notable selectivity for highly branched polymer architectures over linear systems.