Human talocrural contributions to ankle joint complex kinematics during walking, running, and hopping.

The human ankle joint complex, consisting of calcaneus, talus, and tibia, is often simplified as a single functional ankle joint, neglecting the motion of the talus. Understanding the individual contributions of the talus and calcaneus is crucial for comprehending ankle joint complex function in healthy populations, and alterations in function that may exist in clinical conditions. To achieve accurate bone kinematics, high-resolution biplanar videoradiography was used with participants engaged in walking and running (n = 9) and hopping (n = 9) with no overlap in participants.

Definition of a European pre-vasectomy scoring system to identify patients at risk of vasectomy regret.

Introduction: Vasectomy is a widely used, safe, effective method of permanent contraception and contributes to healthy sexuality.

Aims: We have conducted a 3-step observational clinical study to develop a vasectomy regret risk score and guide patients and clinicians when discussing a vasectomy.

Methods: A 3-step approach has been followed.

Eating to live well-Or worse? The role of vegan and vegetarian diets in mental health.

Background: Over the past two decades, there has been an increase in the prevalence of psychological conditions, such as depression, anxiety, disordered eating, and body image disturbances. In concert with this trend, there was a substantial rise in the advocacy and practice of restrictive dietary patterns, such as veganism and vegetarianism. These parallel developments suggest a relation between diet and mental health, but to date, research has failed to offer clear answers on whether these associations are causal, coincidental, or more complex than superficial analyses suggest.

Agricultural Landscape Genomics to Increase Crop Resilience.

Populations are continually adapting to their environment. Knowledge of which populations and individuals harbor unique and agriculturally useful variation has the potential to accelerate crop adaptation to the increasingly challenging environments predicted for the coming century. Landscape genomics, which identifies associations between environmental and genomic variation, provides a means for obtaining this knowledge.

The in-vitro digestibility of instant noodles: Interplay of texture, microstructure and starch structure.

Instant noodles are a worldwide food staple. However, the correlation between its production methods and nutritional characteristics remains unclear. This study aims to elucidate the effects of hydrothermal (steaming and boiling) and cooling techniques on instant noodles in-vitro digestibility.

In vivo toxicological evaluation of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one: antifungal activity against clinical isolates of dermatophytes.

Background: Dermatophytes, the primary causative agents of superficial cutaneous fungal infections in humans, present a significant therapeutic challenge owing to the increasing prevalence of recurrent infections and the emergence of antifungal resistance. To address this critical gap, this study was designed to investigate the antifungal potential of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one against dermatophytes and assess its in vivo toxicological profile using brine shrimp and zebrafish embryo models.

Methods: The antifungal activity of 3-benzylideneindolin-2-one was evaluated against 30 clinical isolates of dermatophyte species, including Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Trichophyton rubrum, Microsporum gypseum, Microsporum canis, and Epidermophyton floccosum, by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) using the broth microdilution method.

A pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic analysis of intravenous tranexamic acid in adult patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty (ORACLE).

Background: Uncertainty about optimal tranexamic acid (TXA) dosage has led to significant practice variation in hip arthroplasty. We aimed to identify the optimal i.v.

KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, management, and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): executive summary.

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation, Management, and Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) represents the first KDIGO guideline on this subject. Its scope includes nomenclature, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevalence; kidney manifestations; chronic kidney disease (CKD) management and progression, kidney failure, and kidney replacement therapy; therapies to delay progression of kidney disease; polycystic liver disease; intracranial aneurysms and other extrarenal manifestations; lifestyle and psychosocial aspects; pregnancy and reproductive issues; pediatric issues; and approaches to the management of people with ADPKD. The guideline has been developed with patient partners, clinicians, and researchers around the world, with the goal to generate a useful resource for healthcare providers and patients by providing actionable recommendations.

Effects of Intra-Canal Medicaments on Infrared Light Energy Transmission Through Enamel and Dentin During Photobiomodulation - An In Vitro Study.

Introduction: This in vitro study assessed how shade changes induced by endodontic medicaments affect the transmission of single and multiples wavelengths of infrared light through enamel and dentin.

Methods: Eighteen extracted single-rooted permanent teeth were prepared, removing all extrinsic staining, and cementum. Tooth slices were treated for 4 weeks with UltraCal™ XS, Ledermix™, or were untreated controls.

Cellulose nanocrystal-based synthetic biodegradable biopolymeric composites: A comprehensive review on recent progress.

With the worldwide transformation to a circular and low-carbon economy, the demand for sustainable materials has skyrocketed in recent years. Of various methods, sustainable and biodegradable biopolymers derived from renewable bioresources have received significant interest. Synthetic biodegradable biopolymers offer tremendous advantages over natural biodegradable biopolymers due to their stability, flexibility, and a wide range of achievable properties to fit several applications.

Comparing Midline and Peripherally Inserted Central Catheters-A Randomized Feasibility Trial.

Objectives: The most effective use of midline catheters in children is not understood. We aimed to (1) test the feasibility of a trial comparing peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs) to midline catheters in hospitalized children in need of durable vascular access and (2) collect preliminary effectiveness data of the 2 devices.

Methods: Our study combined a single site, randomized controlled feasibility trial (RCT, primary study) and a prospective observational study (alternative study) comparing PICCs to midline catheters.

Weaving the strands together for a stronger future: Responding to the mental health needs of Pacific children and young people.

Objective: The aim of this paper is to summarise the findings of a virtual workshop at the Creating Futures 2023 Conference held on October 18 with 45 participants attending from Fiji, PNG, Solomon Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, Cook Islands, Australia and New Zealand. Brief presentations about future mental health needs of Pacific children & young people were followed by small group discussions. These focussed on how island nation participants could "make it real" by considering actions to promote mental health and wellbeing in their communities.

Microbial manganese redox cycling drives co-removal of nitrate and ammonium.

Manganese (Mn), abundant in the Earth's crust, can act as an oxidant or a reductant for diverse nitrogen biotransformation processes. However, the functional microorganisms and their metabolic pathways, as well as interactions, remain largely elusive. Here, a microbial consortium was enriched from a mixture of freshwater sediments and activated sludge by feeding ammonium, nitrate and Mn(II), which established manganese-driven co-removal of nitrate and ammonium with removal rates of 5.

The regulatory mechanism controlling nitrification inhibitors-induced mitigation of nitrification and NO-N leaching in alkaline purple soil.

Nitrification inhibitors (NIs) are critical to reduce nitrogen (N) leaching losses. However, the efficacy of different NIs can be highly variable across soils and crop types, and a deeper understanding of the mechanistic basis of this efficiency variation, especially in purple soil under vegetable production, is lacking. To enrich this knowledge gap, the impact of different NIs amendment (3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate, DMPP; dicyandiamide, DCD; nitrapyrin, NP) on nitrification and the microbial mechanistic basis of controlling nitrate (NO-N) leaching of vegetable purple soil was explored in southwest China.

Ultraviolet radiation vs air filtration to mitigate virus laden aerosol in an occupied clinical room.

Mitigation measures against infectious aerosols are desperately needed. We aimed to: 1) compare germicidal ultraviolet radiation (GUV) at 254 nm (254-GUV) and 222 nm (222-GUV) with portable high efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters to inactivate/remove airborne bacteriophage ϕX174, 2) measure the effect of air mixing on the effectiveness of 254-GUV, and 3) determine the relative susceptibility of ϕX174, SARS-CoV-2, and Influenza A(H3N2) to GUV (254 nm, 222 nm). A nebulizer generated ϕX174 laden aerosols in an occupied clinical room (sealed-low flow).

Exploring the decisional needs of patients living with subacromial pain syndrome: A qualitative needs assessment study.

Background: There are a variety of different treatments for patients living with subacromial pain syndrome (SAPS). All treatments have small to moderate effect sizes, and it is challenging when healthcare practitioners and patients need to decide on which treatment options to choose. The aim of this study was to explore and understand the decisional needs of patients with SAPS, to inform and support the decision-making process.

Quality of life disparities among Mexican people with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Higher prevalence and worst outcome have been reported among people with systemic lupus erythematosus with non-European ancestries, with both genetic and socioeconomic variables as contributing factors. In Mexico, studies assessing the inequities related to quality of life for Systemic Lupus Erythematosus patients remain sparse. This study aims to assess the inequities related to quality of life in a cohort of Mexican people with SLE.

Use of Go-Beyond as a Self-Directed Internet-Based Program Supporting Veterans' Transition to Civilian Life: Preliminary Usability Study.

Background: The transition from military service to civilian life presents a variety of challenges for veterans, influenced by individual factors such as premilitary life, length of service, and deployment history. Mental health issues, physical injuries, difficulties in relationships, and identity loss compound the reintegration process. To address these challenges, various face-to-face and internet-based programs are available yet underused.

The Development and Content of Movement Quality Assessments in Athletic Populations: A Systematic Review and Multilevel Meta-Analysis.

Background: Despite their prominence in the sport and human movement sciences, to date, there is no systematic insight about the development and content of movement quality assessments in athletic populations. This is an important gap to address, as it could yield both practical and scientific implications related to the continued screening of movement quality in athletic contexts. Hence, this study aimed to systematically review the (i) developmental approach, (ii) movements included, (iii) scoring system utilised, and (iv) the reliability of movement competency assessments used in athletic populations.

Antibiotics for Paediatric Community-Acquired Pneumonia: What is the Optimal Course Duration?

Despite significant global reductions in cases of pneumonia during the last 3 decades, pneumonia remains the leading cause of post-neonatal mortality in children aged <5 years. Beyond the immediate disease burden it imposes, pneumonia contributes to long-term morbidity, including lung function deficits and bronchiectasis. Viruses are the most common cause of childhood pneumonia, but bacteria also play a crucial role.

A Narrative Review of Cardiometabolic Profiles among U.S. Adults: Temporal Trends and Implications.

Purpose Of Review: To provide a narrative overview of trends and disparities in the cardiometabolic profiles of U.S. adults by synthesizing findings from nationally representative studies conducted between 1999 and 2020.

Genomic selection shows improved expected genetic gain over phenotypic selection of agronomic traits in allotetraploid white clover.

Genomic selection using white clover multi-year-multi-site data showed predicted genetic gains through integrating among-half-sibling-family phenotypic selection and within-family genomic selection were up to 89% greater than half-sibling-family phenotypic selection alone. Genomic selection, an effective breeding tool used widely in plants and animals for improving low-heritability traits, has only recently been applied to forages. We explored the feasibility of implementing genomic selection in white clover (Trifolium repens L.

The interactive role of microRNA and other non-coding RNA in hepatitis B (HBV) associated fibrogenesis.

One of the outstanding features of chronic hepatitis B infection (CHB) is its strong association with liver fibrosis. CHB induced inflammation and injury trigger multiple biochemical and physical changes that include the promotion of a wide range of cytokines, chemokines and growth factors that activate hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) CHB induced activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) is regarded as a central event in fibrogenesis to directly promote the synthesis of myofibroblasts and the expression of a range of materials to repair injured liver tissue. Fibrogenesis is modulated by the mainstream epigenetic machinery, as well as by non-coding RNA (ncRNA) that are often referred to as an ancillary epigenetic response to fine tune gene expression.

Pooled safety analysis and management of sotorasib-related adverse events in KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

Introduction: We describe the safety of sotorasib monotherapy in patients with KRAS G12C-mutated advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and discuss practical recommendations for managing key risks.

Methods: Incidence rates of treatment-related adverse events (TRAEs) were pooled from 4 clinical trials: CodeBreaK 100 (NCT03600883), CodeBreaK 101 (NCT04185883), CodeBreaK 105 (NCT04380753), and CodeBreaK 200 (NCT04303780) and graded according to CTCAE v5.0.

Intervention With Concentrated Albumin for Undifferentiated Sepsis in the Emergency Department (ICARUS-ED): A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.

Study Objectives: Concentrated albumin early in sepsis resuscitation remains largely unexplored. Objectives were to determine 1) feasibility of early intervention with concentrated albumin in emergency department (ED) patients with suspected infection and hypoperfusion and 2) whether early albumin therapy improves outcomes.

Methods: ED patients with suspected infection and hypoperfusion (systolic blood pressure [SBP]<90 mmHg or lactate ≥4.