A unique case of multiple sites of pneumatization of the sinonasal bony framework in a pediatric patient.

Anatomic variations of the sinonasal bony framework in the pediatric population are quite common. In children with such variations, however, bony pneumatization is uncommon. Moreover, pneumatization of the inferior turbinate in children is extremely rare; to the best of our knowledge, only 3 cases have been previously reported in the literature-none of which involved additional pneumatization variations of the sinonasal skeleton.

The rise and fall of Golgi's school.

The Camillo Golgi's school of Histology and General Pathology in Pavia played an important role in the development of medical-biological studies in Italy in the period after Unification of the state. Founded around 1880 when Golgi (1843-1926) began to wield power at the University of Pavia, the school soon became famous for the distinctive morphological basis of its studies. Many of its staff members made important discoveries and won international acclaim.

The sunny side of chemistry: green synthesis by solar light.

The storage of solar energy is one of the main challenges in the near future. A rather unexploited way to fulfil this goal is the solar light induced formation of new chemical bonds, i.e.

How Camillo Golgi became "the Golgi".

On April 1898 Camillo Golgi communicated to the Medical-Surgical Society of Pavia, the discovery of the "internal reticular apparatus", a novel intracellular organelle which he observed in nerve cells with the silver impregnation he had introduced for the staining of the nervous system. Soon after the discovery it became evident that this cellular component, which was also named the "Golgi apparatus", was a ubiquitous structure in eukaryotic cells. However the reality of the organelle was questioned for years and many cytologists considered the internal reticular apparatus as an artefact due to the fixation and/or metallic impregnation procedure.

Clinical implications for patients with long QT syndrome who experience a cardiac event during infancy.

Objectives: This study was designed to evaluate the clinical and prognostic aspects of long QT syndrome (LQTS)-related cardiac events that occur in the first year of life (infancy).

Background: The clinical implications for patients with long QT syndrome who experience cardiac events in infancy have not been studied previously.

Methods: The study population of 3,323 patients with QT interval corrected for heart rate (QTc) > or =450 ms enrolled in the International LQTS Registry involved 20 patients with sudden cardiac death (SCD), 16 patients with aborted cardiac arrest (ACA), 34 patients with syncope, and 3,253 patients who were asymptomatic during the first year of life.

Photoinduced three-component reaction: a convenient access to 3-arylacetals or 3-arylketals.

A mild and versatile method for the photoinduced three-component synthesis of 3-arylacetals and ketals is presented. Desired targets are smoothly obtained by irradiating aromatic halides or esters in alcohols, in the presence of vinyl ethers.

Clinical relevance of cytogenetics in myelodysplastic syndromes.

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are a group of heterogeneous stem cell disorders with different clinical behaviors and outcomes. Conventional cytogenetics (CC) studies have demonstrated that the majority of MDS patients harbor clonal chromosome defects. The probability of discovering a chromosomal abnormality has been increased by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), which has revealed that about 15% of patients with a normal chromosome pattern on CC may instead present cryptic defects.

Molecularly targeted therapy in acute myeloid leukemia.

Meaningful progress has been made toward clarifying the molecular steps in the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Chromosome studies have established that translocations/inversions are the most common cytogenetic defects in AML. Cloning of chromosome breakpoints has shown that genes involved in the chromosome abnormalities are transcription factors, functional loss of which alters chromatin configuration and results in the disruption of myeloid differentiation.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) having evolved from essential thrombocythemia (ET): distinctive chromosome abnormalities in patients treated with pipobroman or hydroxyurea.

ET is a chronic myeloproliferative disorder rarely evolving into AML, sometimes preceded by a myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). Such transformations mostly occur in patients treated with radiophosphorous ((32)P) or alkylating agents, especially busulfan. Recently, concern has also arisen about the long-term safety of hydroxyurea (HU).

Molecular genetics of acute myeloid leukemia.

Recurring chromosomal abnormalities are detected in most patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). They may be associated with a distinct AML FAB subtype or may identify distinct clinicobiological entities within the same FAB subtype. Therefore, cytogenetic investigation has a pivotal role in AML diagnosis.

The Museum for the History of the University of Pavia and the birth of histology.

A brief overview is provided on the development of histology as an independent discipline at the University of Pavia, through documents and preparations preserved in the Museum for the History of the University. Studies on the organization of tissues and cells started blooming in the mid-1850s, when morphological observations were supported by significant technical advancements in microscopy and tissue preparation. The role of Albert Koelliker, the great father of European Histology in the second half of the 19th century, is also discussed.

Sarcomeric Myosin Isoforms: Fine Tuning of a Molecular Motor.

Sarcomeric or striated muscle myosins are the molecular motors whose fine tuning is best known. Sarcomeric myosin isoforms convert chemical into mechanical energy at very different rates without losing efficiency. Availability of the amino acid sequences offers for the first time the chance to understand the molecular basis of the versatility of these molecular motors.

Photochemical Synthesis of 4-Oxobutanal Acetals and of 2-Hydroxycyclobutanone Ketals.

Irradiation of α,β-unsaturated ketones (aliphatic, both open chain and cyclic as well as aryl substituted) in 1,3-dioxolane in the presence of a sensitizer (benzophenone or anthraquinone) led to 4-oxobutanal acetals in fair to excellent yield through a very simple procedure (workup in most cases by bulb-to-bulb distillation). The resulting acetals were irradiated to give 2-hydroxycyclobutanone ketals, again through a simple procedure that gave a good yield with open-chain aliphatic derivatives.

A pigmented free-floating vitreous cyst in a six-year-old child.

We observed a unilateral free-floating vitreous cyst in a 6-year-old boy. The ophthalmologic examination was otherwise normal. The cyst, which was pigmented, had a diameter of approximately 2.