Acquisition of similar properties by filters in the same stream of a multistream convolutional neural network.

Functional modular organization is observed in a variety of cortical areas in the brain. In the visual cortex of primates, adjacent neurons often respond to the same visual submodality, such as color or orientation, and have a similar preferred orientation or preferred color. However, it remains unclear why functional modular organization emerges in the cerebral cortex.

Artificial Intelligence's Performance on the Japanese National Dental Examination.

Background/purpose: Artificial intelligence (AI) has developed rapidly and is applied to many fields including dental education. In this study, we evaluated AI performance on the Japanese National Dental Examination.

Materials And Methods: We extracted 349 of 400 compulsory questions from the National Dental Examinations over the past five years.

Statement on medication simplification in long-term care facilities by the Japanese Society of Geriatric Pharmacy: English translation of the Japanese article.

Many older adults who are certified for long-term care services live or stay in long-term care facilities (LTCFs), where they receive medical and nursing care. These individuals often encounter medication-related problems, such as polypharmacy and complex medication regimens, including frequent administration schedules. Although considerable attention has been paid to polypharmacy in the context of optimizing medication use in older adults, little emphasis has been placed on simplifying these regimens.

Genetically encoded bioluminescent glucose indicator for biological research.

Glucose is an essential energy source in living cells and is involved in various phenomena. To understand the roles of glucose, measuring cellular glucose levels is important. Here, we developed a bioluminescent glucose indicator called LOTUS-Glc.

Environmental Factor Index (EFI): A Novel Approach to Measure the Strength of Environmental Influence on DNA Methylation in Identical Twins.

Background/objectives: The dynamic interaction between genomic DNA, epigenetic modifications, and phenotypic traits was examined in identical twins. Environmental perturbations can induce epigenetic changes in DNA methylation, influencing gene expression and phenotypes. Although DNA methylation mediates gene-environment correlations, the quantitative effects of external factors on DNA methylation remain underexplored.

MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY regulates cell proliferation and development via Ca2+ signaling in Marchantia polymorpha.

MID1-COMPLEMENTING ACTIVITY (MCA) is a land plant-specific, plasma membrane protein, and Ca2+ signaling component that responds to exogenous mechanical stimuli, such as touch, gravity, and hypotonic-osmotic stress, in various plant species. MCA is essential for cell proliferation and differentiation during growth and development in rice (Oryza sativa) and maize (Zea mays). However, the mechanism by which MCA mediates cell proliferation and differentiation via Ca2+ signaling remains unknown.

[Root Cause Analysis for Incident Reporting Cases of Radiological Technologists Based on Years of Experience].

Purpose: Root Cause Analysis (RCA) of reported incident reports can lead to measures to prevent the recurrence of accidents. The purpose of this study is to clarify the relationship between the occurrence of cases, causal factors, contributing factors, and the experience years of the reporters classified into three groups: less than 2 years, 3 to less than 5 years, and more than 5 years, for incident reports subject to RCA.

Methods: From April 2018 to March 2023, a chi-square test was conducted between each item extracted from 239 cases subject to RCA and the experience years of the reporters, with a significance level of less than 5% considered significant.

Bayesian estimation of trunk-leg coordination during walking using phase oscillator models.

In human walking, the legs and other body parts coordinate to produce a rhythm with appropriate phase relationships. From the point of view for rehabilitating gait disorders, such as Parkinson Disorders, it is important to understand the control mechanism of the gait rhythm. A previous study showed that the antiphase relationship of the two legs during walking is not strictly controlled using the reduction of the motion of the legs during walking to coupled phase oscillators.

Molecular mechanisms of polarized transport to the apical plasma membrane.

Cell polarity is essential for cellular function. Directional transport within a cell is called polarized transport, and it plays an important role in cell polarity. In this review, we will introduce the molecular mechanisms of polarized transport, particularly apical transport, and its physiological importance.

Compact lens-free imager using a thin-film transistor for long-term quantitative monitoring of stem cell culture and cardiomyocyte production.

With advancements in human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology, there is an increasing demand for quality control techniques to manage the long-term process of target cell production effectively. While monitoring systems designed for use within incubators are promising for assessing culture quality, existing systems still face challenges in terms of compactness, throughput, and available metrics. To address these limitations, we have developed a compact and high-throughput lens-free imaging device named INSPCTOR.

Distinct cellular and junctional dynamics independently regulate the rotation and elongation of the embryonic gut in Drosophila.

Complex organ structures are formed with high reproducibility. To achieve such intricate morphologies, the responsible epithelium undergoes multiple simultaneous shape changes, such as elongation and folding. However, these changes have typically been assessed separately.

Interlimb coordination is not strictly controlled during walking.

In human walking, the left and right legs move alternately, half a stride out of phase with each other. Although various parameters, such as stride frequency and length, vary with walking speed, the antiphase relationship remains unchanged. In contrast, during walking in left-right asymmetric situations, the relative phase shifts from the antiphase condition to compensate for the asymmetry.

Long-Term Efficacy and Safety of Upacicalcet in Japanese Hemodialysis Patients with Secondary Hyperparathyroidism: Open-Label 52-Week Study.

Introduction: Upacicalcet is a novel injectable calcimimetic. This phase 3 multicenter open-label study aimed to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of upacicalcet in hemodialysis (HD) patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT).

Methods: Japanese HD patients with serum intact parathyroid hormone (iPTH) levels >240 pg/mL and corrected calcium (cCa) levels ≥8.

Contribution of collagen-binding protein Cnm of Streptococcus mutans to induced IgA nephropathy-like nephritis in rats.

IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common primary glomerulonephritis, is considered an intractable disease with unknown pathogenic factors. In our previous study, Streptococcus mutans, the major causative bacteria of dental caries, which expresses Cnm, was related to the induction of IgAN-like nephritis. In the present study, the Cnm-positive S.

SIK2 and SIK3 Differentially Regulate Mouse Granulosa Cell Response to Exogenous Gonadotropins In Vivo.

Salt-inducible kinases (SIKs), a family of serine/threonine kinases, were found to be critical determinants of female fertility. SIK2 silencing results in increased ovulatory response to gonadotropins. In contrast, SIK3 knockout results in infertility, gonadotropin insensitivity, and ovaries devoid of antral and preovulatory follicles.

Extremely Sensitive Genetically Encoded Temperature Indicator Enabling Measurement at the Organelle Level.

Intracellular temperature is a fundamental parameter in biochemical reactions. Genetically encoded fluorescent temperature indicators (GETIs) have been developed to visualize intracellular thermogenesis; however, the temperature sensitivity or localization capability in specific organelles should have been further improved to clearly capture when and where intracellular temperature changes at the subcellular level occur. Here, we developed a new GETI, gMELT, composed of donor and acceptor subunits, in which cyan and yellow fluorescent proteins, respectively, as a Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) pair were fused with temperature-sensitive domains.

Estimation of self-funded human papillomavirus vaccine recipients from Japan's previously assumed "unvaccinated generation".

Precise vaccination data is essential to accurately estimate the effectiveness of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine against HPV-related cancers. In Japan, the number of subsidized HPV vaccinations can be tracked through registries, but the number of self-funded vaccinations has not been tracked. The number of individuals who chose to receive the vaccine at their own expense, despite being ineligible for public subsidies due to their age, is unknown and has been nominally considered to be zero.

Enhancing Binding Affinity to CGG/CGG Triad: Optimizing Naphthyridine Carbamate Dimer Derivatives with Varied Linker Lengths.

This study examines the binding properties of six naphthyridine carbamate dimer (NCD) derivatives with varying linker lengths to the CGG/CGG triad, a non-canonical DNA structure linked to repeat expansion disorders. By altering the linker length from 2 to 4 methylene groups, we found changes in thermal stability of the ligand-bound complexes while maintaining a consistent 2 : 1 binding stoichiometry. Among the derivatives, CC23 showed superior binding affinity compared to the parent molecule CC33 (NCD).

The skin barrier and microbiome in infantile atopic dermatitis development: can skincare prevent onset?

Atopic dermatitis (AD), a prevalent Th2-dominant skin disease, involves complex genetic and environmental factors, including mutations in the Filaggrin gene and dysbiosis of skin microbiota characterized by an increased abundance of Staphylococcus aureus. Our recent findings emphasize the pivotal role of the skin barrier's integrity and microbial composition in infantile AD and allergic diseases. Early skin dysbiosis predisposes infants to AD, suggesting targeted skincare practices as a preventive strategy.

Molecular, Morphological and Electrophysiological Differences between Alpha and Gamma Motoneurons with Special Reference to the Trigeminal Motor Nucleus of Rat.

The muscle contraction during voluntary movement is controlled by activities of alpha- and gamma-motoneurons (αMNs and γMNs, respectively). In spite of the recent advances in research on molecular markers that can distinguish between αMNs and γMNs, electrophysiological membrane properties and firing patterns of γMNs have remained unknown, while those of αMNs have been clarified in detail. Because of the larger size of αMNs compared to γMNs, blindly or even visually recorded MNs were mostly αMNs, as demonstrated with molecular markers recently.