Risk factors for positive follow-up blood cultures in critically ill adults with Gram-negative bacteraemia.

Objectives: To evaluate the utility of follow-up blood cultures (FUBCs) for Gram-negative bloodstream infection (BSI) in ICU patients and identify risk factors for repeat positive cultures.

Methods: This was a single-centre, retrospective cohort study of critically ill adults with Gram-negative BSI between 1 January 2015 and 1 January 2020. Critically ill patients with one or more blood cultures positive for a Gram-negative organism were included.

Universal coverage for oral health care in 27 low-income countries: a scoping review.

Background: Low-income countries bear a growing and disproportionate burden of oral diseases. With the World Health Organization targeting universal oral health coverage by 2030, assessing the state of oral health coverage in these resource-limited nations becomes crucial. This research seeks to examine the political and resource commitments to oral health, along with the utilization rate of oral health services, across 27 low-income countries.

Spatial cognitive ability is associated with longevity in food-caching chickadees.

Cognitive abilities are hypothesized to affect survival and life span in nonhuman animals. However, most tests of this hypothesis have relied on interspecific comparisons of indirect measures of cognitive ability, such as brain size. We present direct evidence that individual variation in cognitive abilities is associated with differences in life span in a wild food caching bird.

A Phase-Space Electronic Hamiltonian For Vibrational Circular Dichroism.

We show empirically that a phase-space non-Born-Oppenheimer electronic Hamiltonian approach to quantum chemistry (where the electronic Hamiltonian is parametrized by both nuclear position and momentum, (,)) is both a practical and accurate means to recover vibrational circular dichroism spectra. We further hypothesize that such a phase-space approach may lead to very new dynamical physics beyond spectroscopic circular dichroism, with potential implications for understanding chiral induced spin selectivity (CISS), noting that classical phase-space approaches conserve the total nuclear plus electronic momentum, whereas classical Born-Oppenheimer approaches do not (they conserve only the nuclear momentum).

PF-06952229, a selective TGF-β-R1 inhibitor: preclinical development and a first-in-human, phase I, dose-escalation study in advanced solid tumors.

Background: PF-06952229 is a selective small-molecule inhibitor of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) receptor 1. We evaluated its antitumor activity in preclinical studies and its safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics in a phase I study (NCT03685591).

Patients And Methods: In vitro and in vivo preclinical studies were conducted.

The Clinical Nurse Specialist: Maximizing Return on Investment.

The United States health care system is facing an unprecedented nursing shortage, increasing complexity of care, and fewer experienced nurse mentors. These factors contribute to a cycle of burnout, turnover, decreased quality and safety, and a worsening financial bottom line. Improving these contributing factors depends on our ability to mitigate the structural causes of burnout and turnover.

Understanding Students' Vaccination Literacy and Perception in a Middle-Income Country: Case Study from Kazakhstan.

Vaccination is a critical public health measure for preventing infectious diseases, but its acceptance varies globally, influenced by factors like vaccine hesitancy. This study examines attitudes and vaccination literacy among Kazakh students, providing insights into global immunization strategies. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 3142 students from various Kazakh universities.

Cannabis Users' and Non-Users' Differential Responses to Two Anti-Cannabis Campaigns.

Even though multiple states have approved legal recreational use of cannabis, the expansion of recreational cannabis legalization has led to public health concerns in the United States. Young adults (18-25 years old) have the highest percentage of cannabis use disorder compared to all other age groups. The purpose of this study is to compare cognitive and emotional responses of young adults who use cannabis and non-users to two anti-cannabis media campaigns that employed different message strategies.

Evidence for central sensitization as classified by the central sensitization inventory in patients with pain and hypermobility.

Introduction: Pain is a very common complaint among patients with hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome (hEDS) and Hypermobility Spectrum Disorders (HSDs). Often challenging to treat, insights into the underpinnings of pain in this population have been fleeting. Central sensitization (CS) has been postulated as a potential etiological factor.

The Association Between COVID-fear with Psychological Distress and Substance Use: the Moderating Effect of Treatment Engagement.

The purpose of this brief report was to examine the association between COVID-fear with psychiatric symptoms severity and substance use risk in an outpatient population with co-occurring substance use and mental health disorders and whether these associations were moderated by treatment engagement, especially after providers had shifted from an in-person care model to a telehealth format. A total of 136 patients receiving outpatient treatment for comorbid substance use and mental health disorders completed self-report questionnaires on their psychiatric symptoms, substance use, and treatment engagement (i.e.

Cannabis Use and Subsequent CIGARETTE Discontinuation among U.S. Adults in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study, Waves 1-5.

Introduction: This study examined the association between current co-use of cannabis and cigarettes in the past 30 days, and subsequent cigarette discontinuation (past 30-day point prevalence abstinence) among U.S. adults with established cigarette use in the Population Assessment of Tobacco and Health (PATH) Study.

High-quality early care and education for low-income families: Toddlers' cognitive and emotional functioning during the COVID-19 pandemic.

High-quality early care and education (ECE) programs are associated with positive outcomes, especially for children from low-income families. During the initial COVID-19 pandemic lockdown many of these families faced an abrupt halt to ECE. Here, we examined how toddlers from economically disadvantaged backgrounds enrolled in high-quality ECE programs in the United States during the 2020 pandemic (n = 48) fared on cognitive and socioemotional outcomes compared to a 2019 pre-pandemic cohort (n = 94) and a pandemic 2021 cohort (n = 132).

Key questions and gaps in understanding adipose tissue macrophages and early-life metabolic programming.

The global obesity epidemic, with its associated comorbidities and increased risk of early mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhancing our understanding of the origins of this complex disease. It is increasingly clear that metabolism is programmed early in life and that metabolic programming can have life-long health consequences. As a critical metabolic organ sensitive to early-life stimuli, proper development of adipose tissue (AT) is crucial for life-long energy homeostasis.

Impact of Quitline Services on Tobacco Cessation: An Application of Modern Epidemiological Methods.

This study investigated the effectiveness of quitline service intensity (high vs. low) on past 30-day tobacco abstinence at 7-months follow-up, using observational data from the Oklahoma Tobacco Helpline (OTH) between April 2020 and December 2021. To assess the impact of loss to follow-up and non-random treatment assignment, we fit the parameters of a marginal structural model to estimate inverse probability weights for censoring (IPCW) and treatment (IPTW) and combined (IPCTW).

Tobacco retailer density and its association with birth outcomes in the USA: 2000-2016.

Introduction: Significant progress has been made in reducing maternal exposure to tobacco smoke and subsequent adverse birth outcomes, however, reductions may require strategies that reduce the availability of tobacco retailers. In this study, we investigated the relationship between tobacco retailer density and birth outcomes across the USA and predicted the potential impact of a tobacco retailer density cap on these outcomes.

Methods: Annual US county (n=3105), rates of preterm birth, low birth weight, small-for-gestational age, all-cause infant mortality and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) were calculated using National Vital Statistics System data.

Introducing the "Nursing Education Integrating Social Change for Health Equity (NISCHE)" framework for nursing education.

Background: A need exists for a unified curriculum framework for nurse educators, recognizing racism as a central driver of health inequities.

Purpose: This paper provides nurse educators with a unifying curriculum framework that centers racism as a root cause of health inequity shaping SSDH.

Methods: A critical examination of the social and structural determinants of health (SSDH) and Yob's (2018) Framework for a Curriculum in Social Change was conducted, to develop a curriculum framework tailored to the intersection of SSDH and social change within nursing education.

Stoking the fires of professional resistance: Trainees' efforts across time.

Introduction: Researchers who study acts of resistance largely focus on efforts when they are at their peak, giving the impression that those who resist are in a constant state of arousal. What is missing in such studies is the variable of time, which is theorised to be intimately connected to power and resistance. To explore this aspect, we followed a group of trainees engaged in professional resistance against social injustice over the period of 1 year to understand how their efforts shifted across time.

Phantom energy in the nonlinear response of a quantum many-body scar state.

Quantum many-body scars are notable as nonthermal, low-entanglement states that exist at high energies. In this study, we used attractively interacting dysprosium gases to create scar states that are stable enough to be driven into a strongly nonlinear regime while retaining their character. We measured how the kinetic and total energies evolve after quenching the confining potential.

Person-Centered, Goal-Oriented Care Helped My Patients Improve Their Quality of Life.

When the goal is to help patients improve their quality of life, it makes sense to focus directly on the activities and relationships that are most important to each patient. This can be accomplished most effectively by following a three-step process that includes 1) connecting with the patient around what matters to them, 2) co-creating a goal-oriented plan, and 3) collaborating with patient, family, team members, and consultants to increase the probability of success. Once this approach has been mastered and the necessary systems, processes, and relationships are in place, this should not take more time than a problem-oriented approach, and it will almost certainly be more satisfying for both physician and patient.

Integrating Molecular Motions in Ternary Cocrystals for NIR-II Photothermal Conversion.

Organic photothermal conversion materials hold immense promise for various applications owing to their structural flexibility. Recent research has focused on enhancing near-infrared (NIR) absorption and mitigating radiative transition processes. In this study, we have developed a viable approach to the design of photothermal conversion materials through the construction of ternary organic cocrystals, by introducing a third component as a molecular blocker and motion unit into a binary donor-acceptor system.

Molecular Interactions of Perfluorinated and Branched Fluorine-Free Surfactants at Interfaces: Insights from a New Reliable Force Field.

Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) constitute a class of synthetic compounds with exceptional interfacial properties. Their widespread use in many industrial applications and consumer products, combined with their remarkable chemical and thermal stability, has led to their ubiquitous presence in environmental matrices, including surface water and groundwater. To replace PFAS with fluorine-free surfactants, it is necessary first to develop a deep molecular-level understanding of the mechanisms responsible for the exceptional properties of PFAS.