Intensive glycaemic targets in overweight and obese individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical trial protocol for the iGDM study.

Introduction: The prevalence of both obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased, and each is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal overgrowth, neonatal morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and caesarean delivery. Women with GDM who are also overweight or obese have higher rates of pregnancy complications when compared with normal-weight women with GDM, which may occur in part due to suboptimal glycaemic control. The current recommendations for glycaemic targets in pregnant women with diabetes are based on limited evidence and exceed the mean fasting (70.

Race, Ethnicity, and Intensive Care Utilization for Common Pediatric Diagnoses: U.S. Pediatric Health Information System 2019 Database Study.

Objectives: Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare delivery for acutely ill children are pervasive in the United States; it is unknown whether differential critical care utilization exists.

Design: Retrospective study of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.

Setting: Multicenter database of academic children's hospitals in the United States.

Teachers' Implementation of the Identity Project Is Associated With Increases in U.S. High School Students' Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration.

Ethnic-racial identity formation has significant consequences for positive youth development. Existing findings support the efficacy of the Identity Project, a school-based ethnic-racial identity intervention, when delivered by researchers; however, effectiveness of the program when delivered by teachers is unknown. This study examined changes in adolescents' (N = 180; 42.

The effect of cannabinoids on wound healing: A review.

Background And Aims: Cannabis and its various derivatives are commonly used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is an important component of wound healing and the effect of cannabinoids on wound healing has become a recent topic of investigation.

Antimicrobial Activity of Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Coated with Lavender and Neem Oil Nanoemulsions against Airborne Bacteria.

The development of efficient, eco-friendly antimicrobial agents for air purification and disinfection addresses public health issues connected to preventing airborne pathogens. Herein, the antimicrobial activity of a nanoemulsion (control, 5%, 10%, and 15%) containing neem and lavender oils with polycaprolactone (PCL) was investigated against airborne bacteria, including , , and . Various parameters such as the physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsion, pH, droplet size, the polydispersity index (PDI), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and the color measurement of the emulsion have been evaluated and optimized.

Bibliometric and social network analysis of a Clinical and Translational Resource awardee: An Oklahoma experience 2014-2021.

Background: Social Network Analysis is a method of analyzing coauthorship networks or relationships through graph theory. Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Networks for Clinical and Translational Research (IDeA-CTR) was designed to expand the capability for clinical and translational research to enhance National Institutes of Health funding.

Methods: All publications from a cohort of clinical and translational scientists in Oklahoma were collected through a PubMed search for 2014 through 2021 in October 2022.

Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Molecular Pathogenesis, Treatment Options, and Emerging Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy Approaches.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy in the advanced setting with poor prognosis. This narrative review provides an overview of the epidemiology of ACC and its molecular pathogenesis with a summary of the main involved signaling pathways. We then provide an update on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current management strategies of both localized and metastatic disease from a multidisciplinary perspective.

Oxygen Vacancies Alter Methanol Oxidation Pathways on NiOOH.

A thorough comprehension of the mechanism underlying the methanol oxidation reaction (MOR) on Ni-based catalysts is critical for future electrocatalytic design and development. However, the mechanism of MOR on these materials remains a matter of controversy. Herein, we combine in situ surface-enhanced infrared absorption spectroscopy (SEIRAS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations to identify the active sites and determine the mechanism of MOR on monometallic Ni-based catalysts in alkaline media.

Gene-environment interactions: Epstein-Barr virus infection and risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis.

Background And Objective: Prior Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection is associated with an increased risk of pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) and adult-onset multiple sclerosis (MS). It has been challenging to elucidate the biological mechanisms underlying this association. We examined the interactions between candidate human leukocyte antigen (HLA) and non-HLA variants and childhood EBV infection as it may provide mechanistic insights into EBV-associated MS.

Nuclear miR-204-3p mitigates metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease in mice.

Background & Aims: Accumulating evidence has indicated the presence of mature microRNAs (miR) in the nucleus, but their effects on steatohepatitis remain elusive. We have previously demonstrated that the intranuclear miR-204-3p in macrophages protects against atherosclerosis, which shares multiple risk factors with metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). Herein, we aimed to explore the functional significance of miR-204-3p in steatohepatitis.

Exploring the Landscape of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Induced Adverse Events Through Big Data Mining of Pan-Cancer Clinical Trials.

Purpose: Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have significantly improved the survival of patients with cancer and provided long-term durable benefit. However, ICI-treated patients develop a range of toxicities known as immune-related adverse events (irAEs), which could compromise clinical benefits from these treatments. As the incidence and spectrum of irAEs differs across cancer types and ICI agents, it is imperative to characterize the incidence and spectrum of irAEs in a pan-cancer cohort to aid clinical management.

Association of Baseline Tumor-Specific Neoantigens and CD8 T-Cell Infiltration With Immune-Related Adverse Events Secondary to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors.

Purpose: Recent evidence has shown that higher tumor mutational burden strongly correlates with an increased risk of immune-related adverse events (irAEs). By using an integrated multiomics approach, we further studied the association between relevant tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) features and irAEs.

Methods: Leveraging the US Food and Drug Administration Adverse Event Reporting System, we extracted cases of suspected irAEs to calculate the reporting odds ratios (RORs) of irAEs for cancers treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs).

Assembly, stability, and dynamics of the infant gut microbiome are linked to bacterial strains and functions in mother's milk.

The establishment of the gut microbiome in early life is critical for healthy infant development. Although human milk is recommended as the sole source of nutrition for the human infant, little is known about how variation in milk composition, and especially the milk microbiome, shapes the microbial communities in the infant gut. Here, we quantified the similarity between the maternal milk and the infant gut microbiome using 507 metagenomic samples collected from 195 mother-infant pairs at one, three, and six months postpartum.

Geographical differences in the financial impacts of different forms of tobacco licence fees on small retailers in Scotland.

Objective: Retailer licencing fees are a promising avenue to regulate tobacco availability. However, they face strong opposition from retailers and the tobacco industry, who argue significant financial impacts. This study compares the impacts of different forms of tobacco licence schemes on retailers' profits in Scotland.

NIR-II photothermal conversion and imaging based on a cocrystal containing twisted components.

On account of the scarcity of molecules with a satisfactory second near-infrared (NIR-II) response, the design of high-performance organic NIR photothermal materials has been limited. Herein, we investigate a cocrystal incorporating tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) and tetrachloroperylene dianhydride (TCPDA) components. A stable radical was generated through charge transfer from TTF to TCPDA, which exhibits strong and wide-ranging NIR-II absorption.

Job search strategies and early careers of clinical informatics fellowship alumni (2016-2022).

Objective: To report on clinical informatics (CI) fellows' job search and early careers.

Materials And Methods: In the summer of 2022, we performed a voluntary and anonymous survey of 242 known clinical informatics fellowship alumni from 2016 to 2022. The survey included questions about their initial job search process; first job, salary, and informatics time after training; and early career progression over the first 1-6 years after fellowship.

MetaNO: How to Transfer Your Knowledge on Learning Hidden Physics.

Gradient-based meta-learning methods have primarily been applied to classical machine learning tasks such as image classification. Recently, PDE-solving deep learning methods, such as neural operators, are starting to make an important impact on learning and predicting the response of a complex physical system directly from observational data. Taking the material modeling problems for example, the neural operator approach learns a surrogate mapping from the loading field to the corresponding material response field, which can be seen as learning the solution operator of a hidden PDE.

Synergistic Effects of In-Situ Exsolved Ni-Ru Bimetallic Catalyst on High-Performance and Durable Direct-Methane Solid Oxide Fuel Cells.

Direct-methane solid oxide fuel cells (CH-SOFCs) have gained significant attention as methane, the primary component of natural gas (NG), is cheap and widely available and the natural gas infrastructures are relatively mature. However, at intermediate temperatures (e.g.

Assessing the pattern electroretinogram as a proxy measure for dopamine in the context of iron deficiency.

Objectives: Animal studies have suggested that dietary iron deficiency (ID) negatively affects dopamine (DA) synthesis and re-uptake, which in turn negatively affects memory and cognition. This study was intended to assess whether the pattern electroretinogram (pattern ERG) could be used as an indirect measure of DA in college-age women with and without ID by determining the extent to which features of the ERG were sensitive to iron status and were related to other indirect measures of DA.

Methods: The pattern ERG was measured in 21 iron deficient non-anemic (IDNA) and 21 iron sufficient (IS) women, who also performed a contrast detection and probabilistic selection task, both with concurrent electroencephalography (EEG).

Which patients with COPD need an inhaled corticosteroid?

Inhaled bronchodilators are recommended to treat patients with any category of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Clinical practice guidelines conditionally recommend inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for patients with eosinophilic COPD phenotypes, patients who experience hospitalizations for or frequent severe exacerbations of COPD, and patients with comorbid asthma. This article outlines which patients with COPD may benefit from an ICS.

Modular subgraphs in large-scale connectomes underpin spontaneous co-fluctuation events in mouse and human brains.

Previous studies have adopted an edge-centric framework to study fine-scale network dynamics in human fMRI. To date, however, no studies have applied this framework to data collected from model organisms. Here, we analyze structural and functional imaging data from lightly anesthetized mice through an edge-centric lens.

A ReaxFF Potential for Modeling Organic Matter Degradation with Oxybromine Oxidants.

Oxidation of organic matter with oxybromine oxidants is ushering in a new era of enhanced hydrocarbon recovery. While these potent reagents are being tested in laboratory and field experiments, there is a pressing demand to delineate the molecular processes governing oxidation reactions at geological depth. Here, we parameterize a ReaxFF potential to model the oxidative decompositions of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons in the presence of water-NaBr solutions that contain oxybromine (BrO) oxidizers.