Exploring the Influence of Gut-Brain Axis Modulation on Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review of Prebiotics, Probiotics, and Symbiotics.

Recent research exploring the relationship between the gut and the brain suggests that the condition of the gut microbiota can influence cognitive health. A well-balanced gut microbiota may help reduce inflammation, which is linked to neurodegenerative conditions. Prebiotics, probiotics, and symbiotics are nutritional supplements and functional food components associated with gastrointestinal well-being.

Racial/ethnic representation in opioid use disorder-related clinical trials.

Background: Little is known about representation in trials aimed at addressing Opioid Use Disorder. This is a crucial issue given high mortality rates overall and substantial differences in death rates across racial/ethnic groups.

Methods: We analyzed data from clinical trials, data on Census population, data on new admissions to treatment facilities with a diagnosis of Opioid Use Disorder, and mortality data.

Analysis of composite concrete steel column using "X" shape steel section.

In this paper, a new structural steel shape is proposed to be used in composite columns. The model is made of a concrete column with the proposed steel section embedded in concrete with four angles "L shape", welded together to form the shape "X". The equivalent compressive strength capacity of this "X" shape was compared to the conventional steel "W shape" section.

Effects of Nanoparticle Wettability on the Meniscus Stability of Oil-Water Systems: A Coarse-Grained Modeling Approach.

A coarse-grained modeling approach is employed to probe the effect of nanoparticles and their wettability on the stability of the interface between two immiscible fluids. In this study, pure oil (dodecane) and water are placed side by side in a nanochannel, forming a meniscus. Homogeneous hydrophilic nanoparticles, Janus particles, and homogeneous hydrophobic nanoparticles are placed at the oil-water interface, and their dynamics are studied as they rearrange at the oil-water interface.

Modified Chalazion Clamp: Novel Applications in Dermatologic Surgery.

Biopsies and excisions of mucosal surfaces can be challenging due to poor visualization and bleeding control. Surgeons have utilized chalazion clamps to overcome these challenges. However, its original design incorporates a locking mechanism which restricts its use to more proximal mucosal surfaces, does not allow for flexible exertional pressure control by the operator, and it is only available in one size.

Biodistribution and therapeutic efficacy of a gold nanoparticle-based targeted drug delivery system against pancreatic cancer.

Pancreatic cancer is characterized by desmoplasia; crosstalk between pancreatic cancer cells (PCCs) and pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs) leads to the deposition of extracellular matrix proteins in the tumor environment resulting in poor vascularity. Targeting either PCCs or PSCs individually has produced mixed results, and there is currently no effective strategy to target both cell types simultaneously. Previously, we demonstrated, through in vitro cell culture experiments, that a specific gold nanoparticle-based nanoformulation containing the anti-EGFR antibody cetuximab (C225) as a targeting agent and gemcitabine as a chemotherapeutic agent effectively targets both PCCs and PSCs simultaneously.

CSPG4-dependent cytotoxicity for TcdB is influenced by extracellular calcium and chondroitin sulfate.

Unlabelled: TcdB is an intracellular bacterial toxin indispensable to infections. The ability to use chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan 4 (CSPG4) as a primary cell surface receptor is evolutionarily conserved by the two major variants of TcdB. As CSPG4 does not typically undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, we sought to identify environmental factors that stabilize interactions between TcdB and CSPG4 to promote cell binding and entry into the cytosol.

Mortality in recipients of allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplantation in the era of cytomegalovirus primary prophylaxis: a single-centre retrospective experience.

Objectives: Allogeneic haematopoietic cell transplant (allo-HCT) recipients who are cytomegalovirus (CMV)-seronegative have better post-transplant outcomes than CMV-seropositive recipients. Letermovir (LTV) is approved for CMV primary prophylaxis in adults who are CMV-seropositive after allo-HCT, and its use is associated with improved long-term post-transplant outcomes. We analysed whether LTV has affected the relationship between CMV serostatus and post-transplant outcomes.

Efficacy and Safety of Radiotherapy Plus Relugolix in Men With Localized or Advanced Prostate Cancer.

Importance: Combination androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) with radiotherapy is commonly used for patients with localized and advanced prostate cancer.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of the oral gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonist relugolix with radiotherapy for treating prostate cancer.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter post hoc analysis of patients with localized and advanced prostate cancer receiving radiotherapy in 2 randomized clinical trials (a phase 2 trial of relugolix vs degarelix, and a subset of the phase 3 HERO trial of relugolix vs leuprolide acetate) included men who were receiving radiotherapy and short-term (24 weeks) ADT (n = 103) from 2014 to 2015 and men receiving radiotherapy and longer-term (48 weeks) ADT (n = 157) from 2017 to 2019.

The stromal microenvironment endows pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors with spatially specific invasive and metastatic phenotypes.

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) play an important role in a variety of cancers. However, the role of tumor stroma in nonfunctional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors (NF-PanNETs) is often neglected. Profiling the heterogeneity of CAFs can reveal the causes of malignant phenotypes in NF-PanNETs.

Spending on public benefit programs and exposure to adverse childhood experiences.

Background: Adverse childhood experiences are associated with poverty, and public benefit programs are increasingly used as primary prevention for negative child outcomes.

Objective: To estimate the association between spending on benefit programs and cumulative exposure to ACEs among children.

Participants And Setting: Children aged 0-17 years in the United States during 2016-17 as reported in National Survey of Children's Health.

Adding immunotherapy to first-line treatment of advanced and metastatic endometrial cancer.

Background: Immunotherapy has transformed the endometrial cancer treatment landscape, particularly for those exhibiting mismatch repair deficiency [MMRd/microsatellite instability-hypermutated (MSI-H)]. A growing body of evidence supports the integration of immunotherapy with chemotherapy as a first-line treatment strategy. Recently, findings from ongoing trials such as RUBY (NCT03981796), NRG-GY018 (NCT03914612), AtTEnd (NCT03603184), and DUO-E (NCT04269200) have been disclosed.

Intensive glycaemic targets in overweight and obese individuals with gestational diabetes mellitus: clinical trial protocol for the iGDM study.

Introduction: The prevalence of both obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) has increased, and each is associated with adverse perinatal outcomes including fetal overgrowth, neonatal morbidity, hypertensive disorders of pregnancy and caesarean delivery. Women with GDM who are also overweight or obese have higher rates of pregnancy complications when compared with normal-weight women with GDM, which may occur in part due to suboptimal glycaemic control. The current recommendations for glycaemic targets in pregnant women with diabetes are based on limited evidence and exceed the mean fasting (70.

Race, Ethnicity, and Intensive Care Utilization for Common Pediatric Diagnoses: U.S. Pediatric Health Information System 2019 Database Study.

Objectives: Racial and ethnic disparities in healthcare delivery for acutely ill children are pervasive in the United States; it is unknown whether differential critical care utilization exists.

Design: Retrospective study of the Pediatric Health Information System (PHIS) database.

Setting: Multicenter database of academic children's hospitals in the United States.

Teachers' Implementation of the Identity Project Is Associated With Increases in U.S. High School Students' Ethnic-Racial Identity Exploration.

Ethnic-racial identity formation has significant consequences for positive youth development. Existing findings support the efficacy of the Identity Project, a school-based ethnic-racial identity intervention, when delivered by researchers; however, effectiveness of the program when delivered by teachers is unknown. This study examined changes in adolescents' (N = 180; 42.

The effect of cannabinoids on wound healing: A review.

Background And Aims: Cannabis and its various derivatives are commonly used for both recreational and medicinal purposes. Cannabinoids have been shown to have anti-inflammatory properties. Inflammation is an important component of wound healing and the effect of cannabinoids on wound healing has become a recent topic of investigation.

Antimicrobial Activity of Polycaprolactone Nanofiber Coated with Lavender and Neem Oil Nanoemulsions against Airborne Bacteria.

The development of efficient, eco-friendly antimicrobial agents for air purification and disinfection addresses public health issues connected to preventing airborne pathogens. Herein, the antimicrobial activity of a nanoemulsion (control, 5%, 10%, and 15%) containing neem and lavender oils with polycaprolactone (PCL) was investigated against airborne bacteria, including , , and . Various parameters such as the physicochemical properties of the nanoemulsion, pH, droplet size, the polydispersity index (PDI), the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), the minimum bacterial concentration (MBC), and the color measurement of the emulsion have been evaluated and optimized.

Bibliometric and social network analysis of a Clinical and Translational Resource awardee: An Oklahoma experience 2014-2021.

Background: Social Network Analysis is a method of analyzing coauthorship networks or relationships through graph theory. Institutional Development Award (IDeA) Networks for Clinical and Translational Research (IDeA-CTR) was designed to expand the capability for clinical and translational research to enhance National Institutes of Health funding.

Methods: All publications from a cohort of clinical and translational scientists in Oklahoma were collected through a PubMed search for 2014 through 2021 in October 2022.

Adrenocortical Carcinomas: Molecular Pathogenesis, Treatment Options, and Emerging Immunotherapy and Targeted Therapy Approaches.

Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC) is a rare and aggressive malignancy in the advanced setting with poor prognosis. This narrative review provides an overview of the epidemiology of ACC and its molecular pathogenesis with a summary of the main involved signaling pathways. We then provide an update on the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and current management strategies of both localized and metastatic disease from a multidisciplinary perspective.