Emergence of String Monodromy in Effective Field Theory.

We demonstrate that when the field theory Kleiss-Kuijf and Bern-Carrasco-Johansson relations are imposed on one color ordering of general local bi-adjoint scalar effective field theories, the string monodromy relations must be obeyed by the other color ordering. This is a surprising example of an open string world-sheet property appearing in a purely field theoretic context. As part of the derivation, we show that nonlinear relations among the four-point Wilson coefficients arise from imposing linear symmetries on the six-point amplitude via factorization.

Introduction and overview on autogenous Platelet concentrates.

This special issue on autologous platelet concentrates (APCs) provides clinicians with an overview on the current understanding of the use of these biomaterials for soft and hard-tissue regeneration. The included papers summarize scientific evidence and the clinical findings, presented in simple tables that outline potential benefits including Patient Reported Outcome Measures (PROMs). This approach enables clinicians to assess clinical relevance and researchers to identify significant gaps in the literature.

Synthesis and Structural Characterization of a Non-Heme Iron Hyponitrite Complex.

Flavodiiron NO reductases (FNORs) are important enzymes in microbial pathogenesis, as they equip microbes with resistance to the human immune defense agent nitric oxide (NO). Despite many efforts, intermediates that would provide insight into how the non-heme diiron active sites of FNORs reduce NO to NO could not be identified. Computations predict that iron-hyponitrite complexes are the key species, leading from NO to NO.

Foundation model for efficient biological discovery in single-molecule data.

Modern data-intensive techniques offer ever deeper insights into biology, but render the process of discovery increasingly complex. For example, exploiting the unique ability of single-molecule fluorescence microscopy (SMFM). to uncover rare but critical intermediates often demands manual inspection of time traces and iterative ad approaches that are difficult to systematize.

Proxy Survey Cost Indicators in Interviewer-Administered Surveys: Are they Actually Correlated with Costs?

Survey design decisions are-by their very nature-tradeoffs between costs and errors. However, measuring costs is often difficult. Furthermore, surveys are growing more complex.

The Story of Dr. Asa G. Yancey and Surgical Innovation in the Face of Discrimination.

Introduction: Dr. Asa G. Yancey published a surgical technique describing a pull - through of normal colon through a cuff of aganglionic colon to treat Hirschsprung disease in 1952, 12 y before Dr.

The Mangled Upper Extremity-Algorithm for Salvage: My Workhorse Flaps.

Mangling injuries of the upper extremity are severe, high-energy traumas that damage multiple functional systems including skin, nerves, vascular, tendon, and bone. Management requires familiarity with various techniques in orthopedic, vascular, and plastic surgery. A specific technique cannot be described due to the various combinations of injuries that can occur with mangled upper extremities, but we present principles and recommendations for treatment and judgment.

A General Method to Screen Nanobodies for Cytochrome P450 Enzymes from a Yeast Surface Display Library.

The availability of yeast surface display nanobody (Nb) libraries offers a convenient way to acquire antigen-specific nanobodies that may be useful for protein structure-function studies and/or therapeutic applications, complementary to the conventional method of acquiring nanobodies through immunization in camelids. In this study, we developed a general approach to select nanobodies for cytochrome P450 enzymes from a highly diverse yeast display library. We tested our method on three P450 enzymes including CYP102A1, neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), and the complex of CYP2B4:POR, using a novel streamlined approach where biotinylated P450s were bound to fluorescent-labeled streptavidin for Nb screening.

Continued improvement to imaging diagnosis and treatment triage of endometriosis: The role of the multi-disciplinary conference.

Patient-centered endometriosis management tailored to the individual patient's subset of symptoms often requires highly sensitive and specific preoperative imaging. In the setting of a present ongoing learning curve among radiologists who interpret pelvis ultrasounds and MRIs for diagnosis of endometriosis, we have found that routine feedback between minimally invasive gynecology surgeons and radiologists, based on pre-operative imaging and postoperative laparoscopic findings, is essential for the continual improvement of imaging-based staging of endometriosis and empower pre-operative imaging as an important pillar of endometriosis management. We share illustrative patient cases, which, after collaborative discussion during our routine multi-institutional, multi-disciplinary conferences (MDCs) have led to improved patient counseling, better pre-surgical planning, and therefore improved patient satisfaction.

Pain hypersensitivity, sensorimotor impairment, and decreased muscle force in a novel rat model of radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Introduction: Radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy is a rare, but serious complication often resulting in profound morbidity, life-long disability, and chronic debilitating pain. Unfortunately, this type of peripheral neuropathy is usually progressive, and almost always irreversible. To date, a standardized rat model of radiation-induced peripheral neuropathy has not been established.

Assessing the potential of n-alkyl amides and n-alkyl nitriles in the arid sedimentary strata of northwestern China as environmental indicators.

Recent advancements in the application of lipid biomarkers as paleoenvironmental indicators have provided invaluable insights into the dynamics of climatic variations, vegetative histories, and anthropogenic impacts. However, our current understanding of nitrogen-containing lipid biomarkers (NCLBs) in sedimentary deposits remains limited, notwithstanding their potential significance in global nitrogen cycling. To bridge this research gap, a comprehensive study was conducted to characterize the distribution patterns of n-alkyl amides (NAAs) and n-alkyl nitriles (NANs) in representative paleo-lake and loess sedimentary profiles from the arid region of northwestern China (NWC).

The West Antarctic Ice Sheet may not be vulnerable to marine ice cliff instability during the 21st century.

The collapse of ice shelves could expose tall ice cliffs at ice sheet margins. The marine ice cliff instability (MICI) is a hypothesis that predicts that, if these cliffs are tall enough, ice may fail structurally leading to self-sustained retreat. To date, projections that include MICI have been performed with a single model based on a simple parameterization.

Development of Root Caries Associated With the Use of Sugar-Free Nicotine Lozenges: A Long-Term Case Report.

The authors present a case concerning an adult male patient who developed multiple sites of root caries adjacent to the area where he habitually held a sugar-free nicotine lozenge that contained mannitol and maltodextrin. The root caries occurred despite the patient's excellent oral hygiene, exemplary dietary habits, and clinically normal salivary flow. Between 1999 and 2008, he had only required two restorations to repair carious lesions.

3AcFNP-59 for Positron Emission Tomography Imaging of Cholesterol Trafficking and Utilization.

Cholesteryl ester analogues of [F]FNP-59 have the ability to provide information on cholesterol trafficking and utilization at earlier time points than those of [F]FNP-59 or [I]NP-59. It is well-known that free cholesterol and cholesteryl esters have differing distribution profiles and that they can be interconverted enzymatically. Substitution of the ester influences the rate of cholesterol ester hydrolysis and the subsequent mixing of cholesterol esters with the lipid pool in the body.

Mechanical property enhancement of flax fibers via supercritical fluid treatment.

The desire for lightweight, carbon-negative materials has been increasing in recent years, particularly as the transportation sector reduces its global carbon footprint. Natural fibers, such as flax fiber and their composites, offer a compelling combination of properties including low density, high specific strength, and carbon negativity. However, because of the low modulus and high variability in performance, natural fibers can't compete with glass fibers as structural reinforcements in polymer composites.

Nonreciprocal Bundle Emissions of Quantum Entangled Pairs.

Realizing precise control over multiquanta emission is crucial for quantum information processing, especially when integrated with advanced techniques of manipulating quantum states. Here, by spinning the resonator to induce the Sagnac effect, we can obtain nonreciprocal photon-phonon and photon-magnon super-Rabi oscillations under conditions of optically driving resonance transitions. Opening dissipative channels for such super-Rabi oscillations enables the realization of directional bundle emissions of entangled photon-phonon pairs and photon-magnon pairs by transferring the pure multiquanta state to a bundled multiquanta outside of the system.

Interspecies-chimera machine vision with polarimetry for real-time navigation and anti-glare pattern recognition.

Cutting-edge humanoid machine vision merely mimics human systems and lacks polarimetric functionalities that convey the information of navigation and authentic images. Interspecies-chimera vision reserving multiple hosts' capacities will lead to advanced machine vision. However, implementing the visual functions of multiple species (human and non-human) in one optoelectronic device is still elusive.

Uncovering the Role of Inflammation with Asphyxia in the Newborn.

The etiology of perinatal brain injury is multifactorial, but exposure to perinatal hypoxiaischemia (HI) is a major underlying factor. This review discusses the role of exposure to infection/inflammation in the evolution of HI brain injury, changes in immune responsiveness to subsequent inflammatory challenges after HI and modulation of neural outcomes with interaction between perinatal HI and inflammatory insults. The authors critically assess the clinical and preclinical evidence for the neuroprotective efficacy of therapeutic hypothermia and other anti-inflammatory treatments for inflammation-sensitized HI injury.

Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell (iPSC)-Derived GABAergic Neuron Differentiation in Bipolar Disorder.

Bipolar disorder (BP) is a recurring psychiatric condition characterized by alternating episodes of low energy (depressions) followed by manias (high energy). Cortical network activity produced by GABAergic interneurons may be critical in maintaining the balance in excitatory/inhibitory activity in the brain during development. Initially, GABAergic signaling is excitatory; with maturation, these cells undergo a functional switch that converts GABA channels from depolarizing (excitatory) to hyperpolarizing (inhibitory), which is controlled by the intracellular concentration of two chloride transporters.

Impact of smoking on cost-effectiveness of 10-48 years of periodontal care.

The study aims were (1) to explore whether "periodontal treatment" consisting of surgical therapy (flap, resective, or regenerative) or scaling and root planing treatment with long-term periodontal maintenance treatment, is cost-effective in terms of preventing periodontitis-attributable tooth extraction and replacement by implant-supported crowns ("extraction/replacement"); (2) to assess the effect of cigarette smoking on this cost-effectiveness. Data for this observational retrospective study were collected from dental charts of patients who had received periodontal therapy and at least annual follow-up visits for >10 years were analyzed by linear regression generalized estimating equations and generalized linear models. Among 399 adults (199 males, 200 females), those with the least mean annual treatment cost experienced the greatest mean annual costs for extraction/replacement, indicating general cost-effectiveness.