Sleep Stewardship.

Sleep stewardship is a systematic effort to ensure relaxed and restorative sleep, by optimizing pre-sleep, intra-sleep and post-sleep environment and ambience, in a rational manner. It includes not only sleep hygiene and prevention of sleeping pill abuse, but also macro- and meso-level interventions to improve sleep quality. The person living with sleep disorder, their family, members of society, health care professionals, and policy makers: all have a role to play in sleep stewardship.

Codeine 3-O-demethylase catalyzed biotransformation of morphinan alkaloids in Escherichia coli: site directed mutagenesis of terminal residues improves enzyme expression, stability and biotransformation yield.

The cultivation of opium poppy is the only commercially viable source of most morphinan alkaloids. Bioproduction of morphinan alkaloids in recombinant whole-cell systems provides a promising alternate source of these valuable compounds. The enzyme codeine 3-O-demethylase can transform morphinan alkaloids by O-demethylation and has been applied in single step biotransformation reactions or as part of larger biosynthetic cascade, however, the productivity for these reactions remains low and suboptimal enzyme properties could be improved.

Recovery trajectories after major abdominal surgery: A retrospective pooled cohort study.

Background: Recovery from major surgery can be difficult to predict given the many factors involved in treating disease and restoring preoperative function. Postoperative recovery metrics such as length of stay, complications, and mortality are typically described. However, large data quantities for patient-reported recovery are scarce.

Older adults and prepared meals: The influence of comfort, nostalgia, and texture preferences on acceptance.

This study's objective was to develop desirable, safe, and nutritious dairy-rich breakfasts and desserts for older adults while identifying the influence of comfort, nostalgia, and texture preferences. Participants (n = 81, mean age = 71 ± 7.3 years) evaluated two breakfast meals (meat-containing, vegetarian) and two desserts (chocolate, vanilla puddings) for acceptance; they also answered inquiries concerning texture preferences and reported their feelings of comfort and nostalgia experienced during evaluation.

Quantum food and nutrition: Subatomic approaches to nourishment for health and well-being.

Nutrition science has been represented as biomedical, environmental, societal and economic field, but quantum biology is sidestepped, thereby obscuring cognate problems and solutions. We are generally nourished for health, optimal well-being, longevity and personal security through sustainable livelihoods. Our nourish-ments include not only food and energy but also light from the sun, the firmament and the earth itself, along with information transmitted in subatomic particles and electromagnetic wave forms.

Using artificial intelligence to semi-automate trustworthiness assessment of randomized controlled trials: A case study.

Purpose: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) are the cornerstone of evidence-based medicine. Unfortunately, not all RCTs are based on real data. This serious breach of research integrity compromises the reliability of systematic reviews and meta-analyses, leading to misinformed clinical guidelines and posing a risk to both individual and public health.

Incorporating ethics into infectious disease clinical practice guidelines.

Background: Incorporating ethics into clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) can be challenging. This is particularly evident for infectious diseases (ID) CPGs due to the complexity of ID ethics (IDE) and the multiplicity of populations at-risk for infections.

Objectives: The OPENING project (IncOrPorating Ethics iN ClINical Guidelines: Practical Indications) was initiated by the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (ESCMID) Ethics Advisory Committee (EEAC) in collaboration with the ESCMID Guidelines Subcommittee to generate guidelines for the systematic inclusion of ethics principles into ID CPGs.

Developing an Australian Value Set for the Recovering Quality of Life-Utility Index (ReQoL-UI) instrument using Discrete Choice Experiment with Duration.

Objectives: The Recovering Quality of Life-Utility Index (ReQoL-UI) instrument was designed to measure the quality of life outcomes for people over 16 years of age with mental health problems. We aim to elicit societal preferences for the ReQoL-UI health states to facilitate better decision-making in Australia.

Methods: A discrete choice experiment (DCE) with duration was embedded in a self-complete online survey and administered to a representative sample (n=1019) of the Australian adult population aged 18 years and more, stratified for age, sex and geographic location.

Reconstructing the first COVID-19 pandemic wave with minimal data in England.

Accurate measurement of exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in the population is crucial for understanding the dynamics of disease transmission and evaluating the impacts of interventions. However, it was particularly challenging to achieve this in the early phase of a pandemic because of the sparsity of epidemiological data. We previously developed an early pandemic diagnostic tool that linked minimum datasets: seroprevalence, mortality and infection testing data to estimate the true exposure in different regions of England and found levels of SARS-CoV-2 population exposure to be considerably higher than suggested by seroprevalence surveys.

Association between anti-seizure medications and cardiac arrhythmias in patients undergoing ambulatory electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic monitoring.

Background Anti-seizure medications (ASMs) are commonly prescribed in epilepsy. However some have been associated with adverse cardiac outcomes including cardiac arrhythmias. Methods We conducted an observational study evaluating patients aged ≥16 years undergoing ambulatory video - electroencephalographic (EEG) - electrocardiographic (ECG) monitoring (AVEEM) between 2020 and 2023 in Australia.

Optimising CPAP and oxygen levels to support spontaneous breathing in preterm rabbits.

Background: Very preterm infants often require respiratory support after birth with current recommendations suggesting the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) of 4-8 cmHO and an initial fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO) of 0.21-0.3.

Optical signatures of lattice strain in chemically doped colloidal quantum wells.

Lattice strain plays a vital role in tailoring the optoelectronic performance of colloidal nanocrystals (NCs) with exotic geometries. Although optical identifications of lattice strain in irregular-shaped NCs or hetero-structured NCs have been well documented, less is known about optical signatures of the sparsely distributed lattice mismatch in chemically-doped NCs. Here, we show that coherent acoustic phonons (CAPs) following bandgap optical excitations in Cu-doped CdSe colloidal quantum wells (CQWs) offer a unique platform for indirectly measuring the dopant-induced lattice strain.

Profiles of testosterone and pre-androgens and sexual function in premenopausal women.

Background: There is inconsistent evidence as to the role of testosterone and pre-androgens in premenopausal female sexual function, and reported associations between blood concentrations of these hormones and female sexual function vary in strength.

Aim: To examine the patterns of testosterone and pre-androgen concentrations and variations in sexual function in premenopausal eumenorrheic women.

Methods: This was a secondary analysis of a sample of 588 premenopausal eumenorrheic women from the Grollo-Ruzzene Foundation Young Women's Health Study.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections.

Multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacterial infections cause significant morbidity and mortality globally. These pathogens easily acquire antimicrobial resistance (AMR), further highlighting their clinical significance. Third-generation cephalosporin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (eg, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp), multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii are the most problematic and have been identified as priority pathogens.

Acute kidney injury.

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a common, heterogeneous, multifactorial condition, which is part of the overarching syndrome of acute kidney diseases and disorders. This condition's incidence highest in low-income and middle-income countries. In the short term, AKI is associated with increased mortality, an increased risk of complications, extended stays in hospital, and high health-care costs.

Mechanisms of bla dissemination across diverse carbapenem resistant clinical isolates.

Objective: The IMP-4 carbapenemase is an endemic cause of carbapenem resistance in the Asia-Pacific region. Our aim was to determine the dissemination mechanism of the bla gene.

Methods: Twelve representative Australian IMP-4 clinical isolates from The Alfred Hospital, were characterised using antimicrobial susceptibility testing and genome and plasmid assemblies analysed.

Reduced PI3K(p110α) induces atrial myopathy, and PI3K-related lipids are dysregulated in athletes with atrial fibrillation.

Background: Elucidating mechanisms underlying atrial myopathy, which predisposes individuals to atrial fibrillation (AF), will be critical for preventing/treating AF. In a serendipitous discovery, we identified atrial enlargement, fibrosis, and thrombi in mice with reduced phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in cardiomyocytes. PI3K(p110α) is elevated in the heart with exercise and is critical for exercise-induced ventricular enlargement and protection, but the role in the atria was unknown.

Transcriptional regulation of Rankl by Txnip-Ecd in aging and diabetic related osteoporosis.

Introduction: Bone homeostasis between osteoclast bone resorption and osteoblastic bone formation is tightly regulated by a series of factors such as the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL). Denosumab that neutralizes RANKL is effective and widely applied in the treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. However, factors that participated in the RANKL-related bone remodeling process in primary and secondary osteoporosis are less known.

Resistance Training and the Risk of Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Case-Control Study.

Background: Convincing evidence supports that moderate to vigorous intensity physical activity decreases the risk of breast cancer. However, less is known about the role specific domains of physical activity play in breast cancer prevention, such as resistance training (RT). This case-control study investigated the association between RT and breast cancer risk.

The potential for Safewards to reduce restrictive interventions for people arriving to the emergency Department with police for a mental health assessment.

Unlabelled: Safewards is a complex intervention developed to promote a therapeutic response to minimise conflict and containment in inpatient mental health settings. A pilot study was conducted to adapt Safewards for the emergency department (ED) setting to evaluate its impact on the use of restrictive interventions. This subgroup analysis focusses on patients transported to the ED by police for mental health assessment.

A deep learning approach versus expert clinician panel in the classification of posterior circulation infarction.

Background: Posterior circulation infarction (POCI) is common. Imaging techniques such as non-contrast-CT (NCCT) and diffusion-weighted-magnetic-resonance-imaging commonly fail to detect hyperacute POCI. Studies suggest expert inspection of Computed Tomography Perfusion (CTP) improves diagnosis of POCI.

Adverse events during and after early mobilisation: A post hoc analysis of the TEAM trial.

Background: The Treatment of Mechanically Ventilated Adults with Early Activity and Mobilisation (TEAM) trial reported a higher occurrence of adverse events with greater mobilisation. However, their timing and nature remained unexplored. We conducted an in-depth exploration of such events.