Neuronal 'Ensemble' Recording and the Search for the Cell Assembly: A Personal History.

This contribution is part of the special issue on the Hippocampus focused on personal histories of advances in knowledge on the hippocampus and related structures. An account is offered of the author's role in the development of neural ensemble recording: stereo recording (stereotrodes, tetrodes) and the use of this approach to search for evidence of Hebb's "cell assemblies" and "phase sequences", the holy grail of the neuroscience of learning and memory.

Associations between protestant work ethic and multilevel marketing participation and financial outcomes.

Multilevel marketing (MLM) involvement can adversely affect consumer wellbeing. We examine how individual beliefs about work predict participation and financial losses in MLMs. As MLMs are presented to the marketplace as low-barrier opportunities to start one's own business, we suggest that this may speak directly to people who strongly endorse Protestant work ethic (PWE), making them more inclined toward MLM participation, and financial outcomes associated with that participation.

An Integrated Platform for Electrophysiology in Spatial Cognition Experiments.

Spatial cognition research requires behavioral paradigms that can distinguish between different navigational elements, such as allocentric (map-like) navigation and egocentric (e.g., body centered) navigation.

How a disordered linker in the Polycomb protein Polyhomeotic tunes phase separation and oligomerization.

The Polycomb Group (PcG) complex PRC1 represses transcription, forms condensates in cells, and modifies chromatin architecture. These processes are connected through the essential, polymerizing Sterile Alpha Motif (SAM) present in the PRC1 subunit Polyhomeotic (Ph). , Ph SAM drives formation of short oligomers and phase separation with DNA or chromatin in the context of a Ph truncation ("mini-Ph").

Hippocampal damage causes retrograde amnesia for objects' visual, but not odour, properties in male rats.

Damage to the hippocampus produces profound retrograde amnesia, but odour and object discrimination memories can be spared in the retrograde direction. Prior lesion studies testing retrograde amnesia for object/odour discriminations are problematic due to sparing of large parts of the hippocampus, which may support memory recall, and/or the presence of uncontrolled, distinctive odours that may support object discrimination. To address these issues, we used a simple object discrimination test to assess memory in male rats.

Policy stringency and the spread of COVID-19: The moderating role of culture and its implications on first responses.

There has been a noticeable variance between countries in the growth rate of COVID-19 since the start of the pandemic. Researchers attempted to understand this variance from two primary perspectives: the policies implemented to curb the spread of the virus [1] and the cross-country cultural differences [2]. However, little research to date has looked at the joint effects of policy responses and national culture.

Indigenous trans-systemics: changing the volume on systems.

This paper emerged as a result of Anishinabe and non-Indigenous scholars discussing the basic principles behind systems thinking. By asking the question "what is a system?", we uncovered that our very understanding of what makes a system was vastly different. As scholars working in cross-cultural and inter-cultural environments, these differing worldviews can create systemic challenges in unpacking complex problems.

Structure and Enzymatic Activity of an Intellectual Disability-Associated Ornithine Decarboxylase Variant, G84R.

Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) is a rate-limiting enzyme for the synthesis of polyamines (PAs). PAs are required for proliferation, and increased ODC activity is associated with cancer and neural over-proliferation. ODC levels and activity are therefore tightly regulated, including through the ODC-specific inhibitor, antizyme AZ1.

Learning in deep neural networks and brains with similarity-weighted interleaved learning.

Understanding how the brain learns throughout a lifetime remains a long-standing challenge. In artificial neural networks (ANNs), incorporating novel information too rapidly results in catastrophic interference, i.e.

Relationships between Risk Events, Personality Traits, and Risk Perception of Adolescent Athletes in Sports Training.

Personality traits have close relationships with risky behaviors in various domains, including physical education, competition, and athletic training. It is yet little known about how trait personality dimensions associate with risk events and how vital factors, such as risk perception, could affect the happening of risk events in adolescent athletes. The primary purpose of this study is to investigate the prediction of risk events by regression analysis with dimensions of personality, risk perception and sports, relations between risk events, risk perception, and the facets of the personality dimensions via data collecting from 664 adolescent athletes aged 13-18 years (male 364, female 300).

Subclinical myocardial injury, coagulopathy, and inflammation in COVID-19: A meta-analysis of 41,013 hospitalized patients.

Background: Infection with the SARS-CoV-2 virus can lead to myocardial injury, evidenced by increases in specific biomarkers and imaging.

Objective: To quantify the association between biomarkers of myocardial injury, coagulation, and severe COVID-19 and death in hospitalized patients.

Methods: Studies were identified through a systematic search of indexed articles in PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, Web of Science, and Scopus, published between December 2019 to August 2021.

Chronic exposure to ∆ -tetrahydrocannabinol in adolescence decreases social play behaviours.

: Cannabis use remains a major public health concern, and its use typically begins in adolescence. Chronic administration of ∆ -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the main psychoactive compound in cannabis, during adolescence can produce deficits in adult learning and memory, stress reactivity and anxiety. One possible mechanism behind the disruptions in adulthood from adolescent exposure to THC includes changes in social behaviours, such as social play, which has been shown to be critical to socio-cognitive development.

A Biological Inspired Cognitive Framework for Memory-Based Multi-Sensory Joint Attention in Human-Robot Interactive Tasks.

One of the fundamental prerequisites for effective collaborations between interactive partners is the mutual sharing of the attentional focus on the same perceptual events. This is referred to as joint attention. In psychological, cognitive, and social sciences, its defining elements have been widely pinpointed.

Trait self-construal, inclusion of others in the self and self-control predict stay-at-home adherence during COVID-19.

To combat the global COVID-19 crisis, governments and health organizations rely on collective cooperation among every ordinary individual to adhere to non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs), such physical distancing which includes, as examined in our study, staying at home. Thus, we ask the question: do individual differences in how individuals see themselves as connected to or separated from others (i.e.

Distributed learning episodes create a context fear memory outside the hippocampus that depends on perirhinal and anterior cingulate cortices.

Damage to the hippocampus (HPC) typically causes retrograde amnesia for contextual fear conditioning. Repeating the conditioning over several sessions, however, can eliminate the retrograde amnesic effects. This form of reinstatement thus permits modifications to networks that can support context memory retrieval in the absence of the HPC.

Perforant path inputs to hippocampal subfields predict heterogeneous AMPA receptor subunit expression following rapid new spatial learning in a novel context.

The hippocampus plays a critical role in spatial learning and memory. Its contribution to support these kinds of learning and memory functions relies on synaptic plasticity and related molecular mechanisms, well documented in the long-term potentiation (LTP) literature. The present experiment measures AMPA subunit expression, in a ratio of GluA2:GluA1 as an indicator of plasticity across the hippocampus, in rats that underwent new spatial learning in either a familiar or novel context.

Brain electrical dynamics in speech segmentation depends upon prior experience with the language.

It remains unclear whether the process of speech tracking, which facilitates speech segmentation, reflects top-down mechanisms related to prior linguistic models or stimulus-driven mechanisms, or possibly both. To address this, we recorded electroencephalography (EEG) responses from native and non-native speakers of English that had different prior experience with the English language but heard acoustically identical stimuli. Despite a significant difference in the ability to segment and perceive speech, our EEG results showed that theta-band tracking of the speech envelope did not depend significantly on prior experience with language.

Which hand knows the "right" word? What hand selection reveals about vocabulary in pre-and school-aged children.

Research has shown that infants with increased right-hand selection for their first gestures perform better at an array of language tasks when they are tested later as toddlers. There is a smaller body of literature which focuses on preschoolers and how their right-handed movements relate to their speech and vocabulary development. Some research has established a connection between right-hand preference for grasping and speech production ability in preschool children, but the link to gestures is relatively unexplored in this age group.

Density Matching Multi-wavelength Analytical Ultracentrifugation to Measure Drug Loading of Lipid Nanoparticle Formulations.

Previous work suggested that lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulations, encapsulating nucleic acids, display electron-dense morphology when examined by cryogenic-transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Critically, the employed cryo-TEM method cannot differentiate between loaded and empty LNP formulations. Clinically relevant formulations contain high lipid-to-nucleic acid ratios (10-25 (w/w)), and for systems that contain mRNA or DNA, it is anticipated that a substantial fraction of the LNP population does not contain a payload.

Intact Behavioral Expression of Contextual Fear, Context Discrimination, and Object Discrimination Memories Acquired in the Absence of the Hippocampus.

We test the hypothesis that the stability and precision of context and visual discrimination memories depend on interactions between the hippocampus (HPC) and other memory storage networks. In four experiments we tested the properties of memories acquired in the absence of the HPC. Long-Evans male rats were exclusively used in all experiments.

A calibration disk for the correction of radial errors from chromatic aberration and rotor stretch in the Optima AUC™ analytical ultracentrifuge.

Experiments performed in the analytical ultracentrifuge (AUC) measure sedimentation and diffusion coefficients, as well as the partial concentration of colloidal mixtures of molecules in the solution phase. From this information, their abundance, size, molar mass, density and anisotropy can be determined. The accuracy with which these parameters can be determined depends in part on the accuracy of the radial position recordings and the boundary conditions used in the modeling of the AUC data.

Implementation of a Physician-Patient Attachment Initiative in Alberta.

Attachment to a primary care physician (PCP) is a foundational component of the Patient's Medical Home. Yet how can attachment exist in a system that does not limit where patients seek care? This article describes a top-down approach with the ideologies of a bottom-up collaborative to address attachment within an Alberta primary care network. The steps taken to reduce the number of patients listed on multiple PCP panels from 27% to 4% will be described.

Has multiple trace theory been refuted?

Multiple trace theory (Nadel & Moscovitch, Current Opinion in Neurobiology, 1997, 7, 217-227) has proven to be one of the most novel and influential recent memory theories, and played an essential role in shifting perspective on systems-level memory consolidation. Here, we briefly review its impact and testable predictions and focus our discussion primarily on nonhuman animal experiments. Perhaps, the most often supported claim is that episodic memory tasks should exhibit comparable severity of retrograde amnesia (RA) for recent and remote memories after extensive damage to the hippocampus (HPC).

Commentary: Identifying the Underpinnings of "Care That Honours Seniors" in Alberta.

It is no surprise that seniors' care is an important focus across Canada. Seniors are the fastest growing age group in Canada, and it is not uncommon for this population to have high comorbidity rates, functional impairments and a significant risk of decline. It is essential to support the public in remaining healthy as they age and identify what is truly important to them.

Establishing Effective Resident and Family Councils: A Pilot Project to Increase Family and Resident Engagement in Alberta's Continuing Care Sites.

Resident and family councils aim to improve resident and family satisfaction, but guidelines for councils are scarce. This project developed a toolkit and tested its ability, along with networking meetings, to promote successful councils. Nine continuing care sites participated with residents, family and staff from each site who received the toolkit, completed surveys, attended meetings and participated in post-pilot interviews.