Critical Appraisal of Anesthesiology Educational Research for 2020.

Background: This study reviews and appraises the articles published about anesthesiology education in 2020. The objective is to highlight high-quality evidence while showcasing articles with innovative ideas and high relevance to the practices of the anesthesiology education community.

Methods: Three Ovid MEDLINE databases, Embase.

Ten Important Considerations for Ovarian Cancer Screening.

The unique intricacies of ovarian cancer screening and perspectives of different screening methods are presented as ten considerations that are examined. Included in these considerations are: These considerations are presented in depth along with illustrations of how they impact the outcomes of ovarian cancer screening. The considerations presented provide alternative explanations of effects that have an important bearing on interpreting ovarian screening outcomes.

Complications from Surgeries Related to Ovarian Cancer Screening.

The aim of this study was to evaluate complications of surgical intervention for participants in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program and compare results to those of the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening trial. A retrospective database review included 657 patients who underwent surgery for a positive screen in the Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program from 1988-2014. Data were abstracted from operative reports, discharge summaries, and office notes for 406 patients.

Ovarian cancer screening effectiveness: A realization from the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening.

Effects on survival in the UK Collaborative Trial of Ovarian Cancer Screening (UKCTOCS) was reported in The Lancet, and demonstrate that reductions in disease-specific mortality in this randomized control trial (RCT) indicate that ovarian cancer screening works. The UKCTOCS was large enough for sufficient accrual and follow-up, using two intervention arms: MMS (a multimodal strategy using the biomarker Ca125 combined with ultrasound as a secondary test) and USS (ultrasound alone) compared against a no-screen control group. MMS and USS performed similarly, showing a statistically significant reduction in mortality that increased with follow-up surveillance (8% reduction in years 0-7 vs 28% in years 7-14).

Transportation of pediatric femur fractures to a tertiary care center: a retrospective review.

Introduction: Pediatric femur fractures are common injuries presenting to tertiary care trauma centers. Transportation of these patients occurs most commonly via ambulance or flight. The purpose of this study is to evaluate whether mode of transportation affects time to surgery or hospital stay for pediatric patients with femur fractures.

Interruptions in enteral nutrition delivery in critically ill patients and recommendations for clinical practice.

Malnutrition is common in critically ill patients and is associated with poor outcomes for patients and increased health care spending. Enteral nutrition is the method of choice for nutrition delivery. Enteral nutrition delivery practices vary widely, and underfeeding is widespread in critical care.

Metrics of the gynecologic oncology literature focused on cited utilization and costs.

Objective: The newest findings on literature utilization relevant to gynecologic oncology were published by Thomson Reuters during June 2013 as determinants of journal standing. Our objective was to assess the different metrics reported for relative impact and cost for journals relevant to gynecologic oncology.

Methods: 55 journals were evaluated for Impact Factor (IF), 5 Year IF, Immediacy Index, Cited Half Life, Eigenfactor (EF) Score, Article Influence (AI) scores and subscription costs obtained from publisher information.

Frequency and disposition of ovarian abnormalities followed with serial transvaginal ultrasonography.

Objective: To examine the prevalence, incidence, persistence, and resolution of ovarian abnormalities using serial transvaginal ultrasonography.

Methods: A group of 39,337 women in the University of Kentucky Ovarian Cancer Screening Program were monitored with 221,576 baseline and interval transvaginal ultrasonography.

Results: The transvaginal ultrasonogram was normal for first and all subsequent visits for 31,834 participants (80.

Ovarian cancer screening--what women want.

Background: The attitude of women with regard to the threat of ovarian cancer and toward screening for this disease is undefined.

Objective: To examine the 30-day moving results of a poll presented to women with a brief instructional component about ovarian cancer.

Methods: A poll was incorporated into the information page (http://ovarianscreening.

Small cell carcinoma of the ovary of hypercalcemic type: a case report.

The authors report a case of small cell carcinoma of the ovary, hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT), in a mother and daughter and discuss the possibility of a heritable risk. Both mother and daughter were treated at the same institution for SCCOHT. A 23-year-old woman presented with hypercalcemia 4 months after giving birth to her daughter.

Selective inguinal lymphadenectomy in the treatment of invasive squamous cell carcinoma of the vulva.

En bloc radical vulvectomy with bilateral inguinofemoral lymphadenectomy has now been replaced by radical wide excision and selective inguinal lymphadenectomy based on the stage and location of invasive vulvar cancer. Early stage lateral cancers can be effectively treated by radical wide excision and ipsilateral superficial inguinal lymphadenectomy. Lymph node mapping using perilesional injection of radiocolloid and blue dye may identify sentinel lymph nodes which can be removed, thereby avoiding the morbidity of full inguinal lymphadenectomy in selected patients with early stage disease.

Long-term survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer detected by ultrasonographic screening.

Objective: To estimate the effect of ultrasonographic screening on stage at detection and long-term disease-specific survival of women with epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: Eligibility included all asymptomatic women aged 50 years and older and women aged 25 years and older with a documented family history of ovarian cancer. From 1987 to 2011, 37,293 women received annual ultrasonographic screening.

Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy: indications, technique, and complications.

Radical hysterectomy with pelvic lymphadenectomy remains the treatment of choice for women with Stages IA(2) and IB(1) carcinoma of the cervix, and selected patients with Stage II endometrial cancer. Improvement in surgical techniqe, administration of prophylactic antibiotics, thromboemolic prophylaxis, and advances in critical care medicine have resulted in lower operative morbidity associated with this procedure. Major urinary tract complications such as ureteral injury or vesico-vaginal fistula are now extremely rare (<1%).

Risk of malignancy in sonographically confirmed septated cystic ovarian tumors.

Objective: To determine the risk of malignancy in septated cystic ovarian tumors.

Materials: 1319 (4.4%) of 29,829 women were identified by transvaginal sonography (TVS) as having a complex cystic ovarian tumor with septations without solid areas or papillary projections and were placed on long-term ultrasound surveillance for ovarian malignancy.

The search for meaning-Symptoms and transvaginal sonography screening for ovarian cancer: predicting malignancy.

Background: The mortality rate of ovarian cancer is greater than that of all other major gynecologic malignancies. Detecting ovarian cancer at an early and curable stage long has been an objective of oncologists. Recently, it was reported that certain symptom patterns are informative for the presence of ovarian malignancy.

Effects of antiretroviral therapy on immunity in patients infected with HIV.

Drug therapy for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is highly effective in suppressing viral replication and restoring immune function in patients with HIV. However, this same treatment can also be associated with immunotoxicity. For example, zidovudine and various other antiretroviral agents are capable of causing bone marrow suppression.

Aged F344 rats exhibit altered electrophysiological activity in locomotor-unrelated but not locomotor-related striatal neurons.

Multi-wire electrode arrays were chronically implanted and striatal electrophysiological activity was recorded in young (4-9 months) versus aged (24-29 months) Fischer 344 (F344) rats in order to determine whether locomotor-related striatal neurons exhibit age-related changes in electrophysiological activity during freely-moving conditions. Individual neurons were classified as locomotor-related if they exhibited significant differences in their firing rates between periods of locomotion versus periods of non-movement. While the activity of locomotor-related striatal neurons did not differ between young and aged rats, neurons that were not related to locomotion exhibited significantly greater activity in the aged rats during both periods of non-movement and bouts of locomotion.

Scintigraphy as a confirmatory test of brain death.

The concept of "brain death" was introduced to medicine in the second half of the 20th century, when technological advancements began to allow sustaining cardiorespiratory functioning of the body in the absence of brain function. Although physicians generally agree that a patient can be declared brain dead when the loss of brain function is total and irreversible, different approaches have been taken to define what constitutes brain death. A thorough clinical examination is essential to the diagnosis.

Narrow time-window dual-point 18F-FDG PET for the diagnosis of thoracic malignancy.

Dual time-point imaging has been proposed as a means of improving the accuracy of 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (18F-FDG PET) for the diagnosis of malignant pulmonary nodules. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a dual time-point protocol that has a narrow time window between its initial and its delayed imaging sessions. All patients examined during a 16-month time period, either for the diagnosis of a radiographically indeterminate thoracic lesion or for the staging of non-small-cell carcinoma, were included in the study provided that they completed the dual-point protocol and had either biopsy evidence of malignancy, biopsy evidence of a benign condition involving the thoracic lesion of concern, or clinical and radiographic follow-up consistent with the absence of malignancy.

Empyema caused by trichomonas.

Empyema is one of the potential complications of lower respiratory tract infections. Very rarely, in predisposed individuals, empyema can be caused by Trichomonas species, of which Trichomonas tenax appears to be the most common cause. Here, we present a case of trichomonal empyema in a 56-year-old man and review the available literature of this rare occurrence.

Aged Fischer 344 rats exhibit altered orolingual motor function: relationships with nigrostriatal neurochemical measures.

The present study utilized a novel behavioral preparation to measure differences in orolingual motor function between young (6 months) and aged (24 months) Fischer 344 (F344) rats. Rats were trained to lick an isometric force-sensing operandum for water reinforcement so that the number of licks per session, licking rhythm and lick force could be compared between the two groups. The aged rats exhibited a greater number of licks per session, but a slowed licking rhythm, compared to the young rats.