229 results match your criteria: "The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign[Affiliation]"

Water isotope separation, specifically separating heavy from light water, is a technologically important problem due to the usage of heavy water in applications such as nuclear magnetic resonance, nuclear power, and spectroscopy. Separation of heavy water from light water is difficult due to very similar physical and chemical properties between the isotopes. We show that a catalytically active ultrathin membrane (, a nanopore in MoS) can enable chemical exchange processes and physicochemical mechanisms that lead to efficient separation of deuterium from hydrogen.

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Emerging neuromorphic hardware promises energy-efficient computing by colocating multiple essential functions at the individual component level. The implementation is challenging due to mismatch between the characteristics of multifunctional devices and neural networks. Here, we demonstrate an artificial synapse based on a 2D α-phase indium selenide that exhibits integrated perception-and-computing-in-memory functions in a single-transistor setup, serving as a basic building block for reservoir computing.

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Boolean Computation in Single-Transistor Neuron.

Adv Mater

December 2024

College of Integrated Circuits, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 311200, China.

Article Synopsis
  • Biological neurons process information in complex ways, outperforming traditional models in neuromorphic computing, especially in Boolean algebra operations.
  • A single-transistor neuron utilizing graphene's properties can execute multiple Boolean operations efficiently, unlike conventional circuits that need many transistors for certain tasks.
  • This research lays the groundwork for advanced computations at the transistor level, aiming for more scalable and efficient neural networks that mimic brain functions.
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  • Most breech fetuses are delivered via Cesarean section, but an external cephalic version (ECV) can help avoid this, though not all attempts succeed and there are risks involved.
  • This study analyzed data from Carle Foundation Hospital to validate six different models designed to predict the success of ECV attempts.
  • Among the models, Dahl 2021 showed the best predictive value for ECV success, suggesting it may be the most reliable tool for clinicians to use in practice.
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Regulatory network of the late-recruited primary decarboxylase C4NADP-ME in sugarcane.

Plant Physiol

December 2024

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China.

In agronomically important C4 grasses, efficient CO2 delivery to Rubisco is facilitated by NADP-malic enzyme (C4NADP-ME), which decarboxylates malate in bundle sheath cells. However, understanding the molecular regulation of the C4NADP-ME gene in sugarcane (Saccharum spp.) is hindered by its complex genetic background.

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Environmental modulators of algae-bacteria interactions at scale.

Cell Syst

September 2024

Center for the Physics of Evolving Systems, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; National Institute for Theory and Mathematics in Biology, Northwestern University and The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Center for Living Systems, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Electronic address:

Interactions between photosynthetic and heterotrophic microbes play a key role in global primary production. Understanding phototroph-heterotroph interactions remains challenging because these microbes reside in chemically complex environments. Here, we leverage a massively parallel droplet microfluidic platform that enables us to interrogate interactions between photosynthetic algae and heterotrophic bacteria in >100,000 communities across ∼525 environmental conditions with varying pH, carbon availability, and phosphorus availability.

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  • Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an antifibrinolytic drug effective in reducing mortality from traumatic brain injuries when administered within 2 hours, typically via intravenous (IV) access, which can be challenging to obtain in some settings.
  • This study aimed to compare the total drug exposure of TXA administered through intraosseous (IO) access versus IV access in patients with moderate to severe brain injuries, using data from a prehospital trial.
  • The results included a cohort of 966 participants, with 345 receiving TXA, showing no significant differences in demographics or renal function between those who received TXA via IO or IV access, indicating that both routes might have similar efficacy for drug exposure.
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Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are emerging as critical mediators of intercellular communication in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Here, we investigate the mechanisms by which sEVs derived from neutrophils treated with the cholesterol metabolite, 27-hydroxycholesterol (27HC), influence breast cancer progression. sEVs released from 27HC treated neutrophils enhance epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and stem-like properties in breast cancer cells, resulting in loss of adherence, increased migratory capacity and resistance to cytotoxic chemotherapy.

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Rarely are youth voices incorporated into program and policy development. Youth participatory action research (YPAR) is an opportunity for adolescents to develop research skills by completing projects relevant to their lives and allows participation and decision-making at systems and organizational levels. Attention to YPAR implementation detail, especially a curricular focus, is lacking in the literature.

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Sequencing surveys of microbial communities in hosts, oceans and soils have revealed ubiquitous patterns linking community composition to environmental conditions. While metabolic capabilities restrict the environments suitable for growth, the influence of ecological interactions on patterns observed in natural microbiomes remains uncertain. Here we use denitrification as a model system to demonstrate how metagenomic patterns in soil microbiomes can emerge from pH-dependent interactions.

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Throughout his career, John Schulenberg challenged us to understand adolescent development as the confluence of distal and proximal experiences along with critical transitions. Heeding this call, we examined whether chronic childhood peer victimization predicted adolescents' depressive symptoms via early-emerging depression growth trajectories, continued victimization into adolescence, and stress-amplification at the middle school transition. Self-reported depressive symptoms and teacher-reported and self-reported peer victimization were obtained from 636 youth (338 girls; M = 7.

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The disialoganglioside, GD2, is a promising therapeutic target due to its overexpression in certain tumors, particularly neuroblastoma (NB), with limited expression in normal tissues. Despite progress, the intricate mechanisms of action and the full spectrum of the direct cellular responses to anti-GD2 antibodies remain incompletely understood. In this study, we examined the direct cytotoxic effects of the humanized anti-GD2 antibody hu14.

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Background: Large language models (LLMs) have the potential to support promising new applications in health informatics. However, practical data on sample size considerations for fine-tuning LLMs to perform specific tasks in biomedical and health policy contexts are lacking.

Objective: This study aims to evaluate sample size and sample selection techniques for fine-tuning LLMs to support improved named entity recognition (NER) for a custom data set of conflicts of interest disclosure statements.

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Multinuclear non-heme iron dependent oxidative enzymes (MNIOs) involved in unusual peptide modifications.

Curr Opin Chem Biol

June 2024

Department of Chemistry, The Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, The Howard Hughes Medical Institute at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 W Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address:

Multinuclear non-heme iron dependent oxidative enzymes (MNIOs), formerly known as domain of unknown function 692 (DUF692), are involved in the post-translational modification of peptides during the biosynthesis of peptide-based natural products. These enzymes catalyze highly unusual and diverse chemical modifications. Several class-defining features of this large family (>14 000 members) are beginning to emerge.

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Standardization of a silver stain to reveal mesoscale myelin in histological preparations of the mammalian brain.

J Neurosci Methods

July 2024

Department of Evolution, Ecology, and Behavior, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Neuroscience Program, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America; Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 505 South Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, United States of America. Electronic address:

Background: The brain is built of neurons supported by myelin, a fatty substance that improves cellular communication. Noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is now able to measure brain structure like myelin and requires histological validation.

New Method: Here we present work in small and large biomedical model mammals to standardize a silver impregnation method as a high-throughput histological myelin visualization procedure.

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Transcriptome and small RNA analysis unveils novel insights into the C gene regulation in sugarcane.

Planta

April 2024

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, Guangxi University, Guangxi, 530004, China.

Article Synopsis
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Genome Mining for New Enzyme Chemistry.

ACS Catal

April 2024

Department of Chemistry, Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States.

Article Synopsis
  • - A revolution in biocatalysis has improved the ability to produce valuable compounds using enzymes, making the process more scalable.
  • - The study of uncharacterized proteins from genomic sequencing suggests that there are many untapped enzymatic transformations ready to be explored.
  • - The review discusses various genome mining methods used to discover these enzymatic transformations and promotes their potential applications in biocatalysis.
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Psychological, Socio-Demographic, and Logistical Factors Associated With Changes in Sex Life After Over a Year Into the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Int J Sex Health

April 2023

Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Family Resiliency Center, The Beckman Institute, The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, Illinois, USA.

This study examined changes in sex life about a year into the COVID-19 pandemic for both partnered and non-partnered individuals and identified the determinants of these changes. The results of an online survey ( = 675) reflect a significant decrease in the frequency of intimate and sexual behaviors and declines in sexual desire, quality, intimacy, diversity, and satisfaction. This study also showed that socio-demographic characteristics, psychological factors, and the logistical impacts of the pandemic explain trends in people's sex lives during the pandemic.

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Dehydrated Biomimetic Membranes with Skinlike Structure and Function.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

April 2024

McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.

Novel vapor-permeable materials are sought after for applications in protective wear, energy generation, and water treatment. Current impermeable protective materials effectively block harmful agents but trap heat due to poor water vapor transfer. Here we present a new class of materials, vapor permeable dehydrated nanoporous biomimetic membranes (DBMs), based on channel proteins.

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Background: Health literacy (HL) is the ability to make informed decisions using health information. As health data and information availability increase due to online clinic notes and patient portals, it is important to understand how HL relates to social determinants of health (SDoH) and the place of informatics in mitigating disparities.

Objective: This systematic literature review aims to examine the role of HL in interactions with SDoH and to identify feasible HL-based interventions that address low patient understanding of health information to improve clinic note-sharing efficacy.

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Physical activity-related individual differences in functional human connectome are linked to fluid intelligence in older adults.

Neurobiol Aging

May 2024

Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA; Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.

The study examined resting state functional connectivity (rs-FC) associated with moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MV-PA), sedentary time (ST), TV viewing, computer use, and their relationship to cognitive performance in older adults. We used pre-intervention data from 119 participants from the Fit & Active Seniors trial. Multivariate pattern analysis revealed two seeds associated with MV-PA: right superior frontal gyrus (SFG; spanning frontoparietal [FPN] and ventral attention networks [VAN]) and right precentral (PrG) and postcentral gyri (PoG) of the somatosensory network (SN).

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The listing of Cresson 1863 (Rusty Patched Bumble Bee; RPBB) in 2017 under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) created a regulatory need for assessment methods, in order to limit take of this species by construction and development. As the first social insect listed under the ESA, the listing of RPBB has required new methods for biological assessment. This species has a complex life cycle requiring a mosaic of different habitat types, with each life cycle stage facing unique challenges and threats.

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Combined Experimental and Computational Insight into the Role of Substrate in the Synthesis of Two-Dimensional WSe.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

February 2024

Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States.

Synthesis of large-area transition-metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) with controlled orientation is a significant challenge to their industrial applications. Substrate plays a vital role in determining the final quality of monolayer materials grown via the chemical vapor deposition process by controlling their orientation, crystal structure, and grain boundary. This study determined the binding energy and equilibrium distance for tungsten diselenide (WSe) monolayers on crystalline and amorphous silicon dioxide and aluminum dioxide substrates.

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