1,386 results match your criteria: "The University of Dublin[Affiliation]"

Microbiology reference laboratories perform a crucial role within public health systems. This role was especially evident during the COVID-19 pandemic. In this Viewpoint, we emphasise the importance of microbiology reference laboratories and highlight the types of digital data and expertise they provide, which benefit national and international public health.

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IDyOMpy: A new Python-based model for statistical analysis of musical expectations.

J Neurosci Methods

December 2024

Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, Département d'Étude Cognitive, École Normale Supérieure, PSL, Paris, France; Institute for Systems Research, Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, USA.

Background: IDyOM (Information Dynamics of Music) is the statistical model of music the most used in the community of neuroscience of music. It has been shown to allow for significant correlations with EEG (Marion, 2021), ECoG (Di Liberto, 2020) and fMRI (Cheung, 2019) recordings of human music listening. The language used for IDyOM -Lisp- is not very familiar to the neuroscience community and makes this model hard to use and more importantly to modify.

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Updates on pancreatic cancer treatment - invited special issue.

Int J Surg

October 2024

Emeritus Professor of Surgery, Campus Biomedico University, Fondazione Policlinico Campus Biomedico, Rome, Italy.

Despite an increased understanding of the underlying biology of the disease, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains a challenging condition with poor outcomes and a 5-year survival rate, even at an early stage, of less than 10%. This dismal prognosis is due in part to biological aggressiveness, the lack of early diagnosis, suboptimal surgical selection, and the need for effective neoadjuvant and adjuvant therapies. However, progress is being made with significant advancements in the diagnosis, staging, and treatment of PDAC, with a focus on precision therapy, improved surgical care, and supportive care, coupled with a deeper understanding of PDAC's biology.

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Background: Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) is a major public health burden worldwide. Promoting bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (B-CPR) is a key element in improving the survival rate of OHCA. The security guard is a specific population in China that plays a significant role as bystanders in public settings.

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The heme paradigm where Fe=O acts as the C-H oxidant and Fe-OH rebounds with the formed carbon-centered radical guides the design of the prototypical synthetic hydroxylation catalyst. We are exploring methods to evolve beyond the metal-oxo oxidant and hydroxide rebound, to incorporate a wider array of functional group. We have demonstrated the application of CoII(OTf)2 (10 mol% catalyst; OTf = trimfluoromethanesulfonate) in combination with polydentate N-donor ligands (e.

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A cadaveric analysis of the efficacy of blind injections into the lateral pterygoid muscle.

Folia Morphol (Warsz)

December 2024

Discipline of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.

Background: Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) are amongst the most common causes of orofacial pain. Hyperactivity of the lateral pterygoid muscle (LPM) is associated with the pathological mechanisms associated with TMD. Botulinum Toxin-A (BTX) injections into the LPM can be used as a treatment for TMD; however, a lack of clinical standardisation for this procedure can lead to adverse outcomes, especially when using anatomical landmark-based approaches.

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Background: During the Covid-19 pandemic, people with chronic conditions experienced delayed or missed care, while their carers endured social isolation, loneliness, and reduced support. Information communication technology (ICT) can be utilized to encourage continuity of care, address misinformation, and allocate support. This study aimed to identify factors associated with the ICT adaptation of South Asian carers of individuals with chronic conditions by comparing changes in ICT utilization and preferences before and during the pandemic.

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Telehealth memory clinics in primary healthcare: real-world experiences from low-resource settings in Greece.

Front Dement

November 2024

Mental Health Services, Patras University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Patras, Patras, Greece.

Background: The role of primary healthcare is pivotal in the management of the surge of dementia prevalence particularly in low-resource areas. In this study, two telehealth-based memory clinics in primary healthcare operating within the frames of the INTegRated InterveNtion of pSychogerIatric Care (INTRINSIC) are presented.

Methods: The first clinic, which is led by a general practitioner, operates at a primary healthcare center in a semi-mountainous area and closely collaborates with the geriatric psychiatry outpatient clinic of the Patras University General Hospital via a telehealth medicine platform.

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Objectives: Empathy has been an essential competency in the clinical training of dental students and plays an important role in building relationship with patients. It has been found that gender and age may influence these empathetic responses; however, the findings vary across the literature. This study aims to investigate if age, gender and type of undergraduate dental training have a dependent relationship with the level of empathy.

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Recent advances have shown that first-principles DFT+ techniques, such as DFT++ with parameters from linear response, are capable of high bandgap accuracy in transition metal oxides at a fraction of the computational cost of hybrid functionals. Extending the use of these functionals to defect calculations could save computational resources, but there is limited knowledge on whether such techniques are capable of reliably modelling defect energies. Furthermore, the use of separate and values for the same atomic species in different chemical environments, within the same system, can introduce significant errors into formation energy calculations.

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Whole genome sequencing-based methodologies have become extremely relevant for the molecular surveillance of human pathogens and are being increasingly introduced into national reference laboratory services. In this study, we describe the validation and implementation of core-genome Multi-Locus Sequence Typing (cgMLST) and whole genome single-nucleotide polymorphism (wgSNP) analysis at the Irish Mycobacteria Reference Laboratory, as a replacement for Mycobacterial Interspersed Repetitive Unit-Variable Number Tandem Repeat (MIRU-VNTR) typing. Concordance of clustering, discriminatory power, and ease-of-use of both WGS analytical methods were evaluated.

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Article Synopsis
  • - The study investigates how family members support the transition of older relatives into long-term care, focusing on their personal narratives and experiences throughout the process.
  • - Four key phases were identified: before transition, crisis event, transition, and after transition, with the 'before transition' phase being the longest due to gradual deterioration of the older relative's health.
  • - Understanding these phases and the influence of family dynamics and knowledge can help healthcare providers offer better support and information to families, ultimately easing their emotional burden during this challenging time.
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Article Synopsis
  • Four new aromatic imides with triphenylamino (TPA) groups are introduced, differing in their number and arrangement of TPA units.
  • Compounds 1-3 are variations of 1,8-naphthalimides with different functional groups, while compound 4 is a naphthalene diimide (NDI) that features TPA groups at both ends.
  • The study highlights how these modifications affect their optoelectronic properties and explores how the distinct aggregation behaviors of compounds 2 and 3 can be used for creating nanoparticles for biological imaging.
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Article Synopsis
  • - Airway macrophages (AM) are key immune cells in the lungs that help protect against infections, making them important for targeted therapies aimed at enhancing immune responses.
  • - The study investigates how different types of macrophages respond to signaling molecules (IFN-γ and IL-4) that represent immune responses in the lungs, finding that AM rely heavily on glycolysis for their functions, especially in cytokine production.
  • - Results show that AM exhibit unique metabolic responses and functional plasticity compared to monocyte-derived macrophages (MDM), suggesting that AM could be effective targets for new inhaled treatments for lung diseases.
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Article Synopsis
  • Individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD) face a higher risk of developing dementia, and the GINGER initiative presents a multicomponent lifestyle intervention approach that includes exercise as a key component for prevention and management.
  • The exercise protocol designed for GINGER targets adults over 55 with SCD and involves a structured program of aerobic, strengthening, balance, and dual-task exercises, delivered three times a week, both in group sessions and at home.
  • The implementation of this exercise protocol was found to be feasible and reliable, showing good adherence and user satisfaction, along with notable improvements in physical health outcomes among participants.
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Article Synopsis
  • A low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) using a specific benzene-1,3,5-tricarbocamide structure with terpyridine units was developed.
  • This gelator can create supramolecular gels that have useful features like self-healing abilities and modified optical properties when combined with certain metal ions.
  • The resultant gels can also be extruded, indicating their versatility for various applications.
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Alkali cation-π interactions in aqueous systems, modulating supramolecular stereoisomerism of nanoscopic metal-organic capsules.

Nat Commun

November 2024

School of Chemistry & SFI AMBER Research Centre, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, College Green, Dublin, D02 PN40, Ireland.

Contrary to common chemical intuition, cation-π interactions can persist in polar, aqueous reaction solutions, rather than in dry non-coordinative solvent systems. This account highlights how alkali ion-π interactions impart distinctive structure-influencing supramolecular forces that can be exploited in the preparation of nanoscopic metal-organic capsules. The incorporation of alkali ions from polar solutions into molecular pockets promotes the assembly of otherwise inaccessible capsular entities whose structures are distinctive to those of common polyoxovanadate clusters in which {V=O} moieties usually point radially to the outside, shielding the molecular entities.

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This study examined the influence of different wastewater treatment processes on the physicochemical properties of Alginate-Like Exopolymers (ALE) extracted from waste sludge. Sludge samples were collected from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) processing both combined industrial and domestic wastewater, as well as domestic wastewater alone. Among the processes studied, aerobic granular sludge (AGS) produced the highest ALE yield (352 ± 50 mg/g-VS), significantly exceeding that from membrane bioreactor (170 ± 41 mg/g-VS) and conventional activated sludge (<130 mg/g-VS).

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Article Synopsis
  • - Substance use among adolescents poses significant risks to their mental, physical, and social well-being, with research showing that only a small percentage of those who need treatment actually receive it in the U.S.! - A review of 32 studies identified barriers and enablers for youths under 18 accessing substance use treatment, categorized into individual, societal, Gateway Providers, and treatment service factors, with a notable lack of European research! - Adolescents often don't see their substance use as a problem and depend on adults for treatment access; services that are perceived as friendly and flexible can increase attendance, while costs and transportation act as major barriers, especially for marginalized and female youth!
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C-C Coupling in sterically demanding porphyrin environments.

Beilstein J Org Chem

November 2024

School of Chemistry, Chair of Organic Chemistry, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, 152-160 Pearse Street, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin, D02 R590, Ireland.

Unlike their planar counterparts, classic synthetic protocols for C-C bond forming reactions on nonplanar porphyrins are underdeveloped. The development of C-C bond forming reactions on nonplanar porphyrins is critical in advancing this field of study for more complex porphyrin architectures, which could be used in supramolecular assemblies, catalysis, or sensing. In this work a library of arm-extended dodecasubstituted porphyrins was synthesized through the optimization of the classic Suzuki-Miyaura coupling of peripheral haloaryl substituents with a range of boronic acids.

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Antibody Aggregation: A Problem Within the Biopharmaceutical Industry and Its Role in AL Amyloidosis Disease.

Protein J

November 2024

Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute (TBSI), School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity College Dublin, The University of Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.

Due to the large size and rapid growth of the global therapeutic antibody market, there is major interest in understanding the aggregation of protein products as it can compromise efficacy, concentration, and safety. Various production and storage conditions have been identified as capable of inducing aggregation of polyclonal and monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapies such as low pH, freezing, light exposure, lyophilisation and increased ionic strength. The addition of stabilising excipients to these therapeutics helps to combat the formation of aggregates with future aggregation inhibition mechanisms involving the introduction of point mutations and glycoengineering within aggregation prone regions (APRs).

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Purpose Of Review: Climate change is the biggest threat to human health and survival in the twenty-first century. Emissions associated with healthcare contribute to climate change and there are many personal and professional actions that can reduce carbon emissions. This review highlights why action is necessary and what anaesthetists and healthcare workers can do.

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Guidelines specify that clinicians should support patients living with obesity by referring to weight management programmes (WMPs), but clinicians do so infrequently. To provide additional support to patients living with obesity and weight-related conditions, the UK government instated the National Enhanced Service (NES) for weight management in England, including a reimbursement to general practices for referring eligible patients to WMPs. To assess the impact of the NES on conversations regarding weight and relevant behavioural risk factors in primary care consultations we recruited 11 medical practices in England where the NES was operating and six comparator practices from Scotland and Wales where the NES was not implemented.

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Enhancement of 5-Fluorouracil Drug Delivery in a Graphene Oxide Containing Electrospun Chitosan/Polyvinylpyrrolidone Construct.

Materials (Basel)

October 2024

Nanotechnology and Bio-Engineering Research Group, Health and Biomedical (HEAL) Strategic Research Centre, Atlantic Technological University, Ash Lane, F91 YW50 Sligo, Ireland.

Electrospun nanofibrous mats, consisting of chitosan (CS) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), were constructed with the addition of graphene oxide (GO) for enhancement of delivery of the 5-Fluorouracil (5-Fu) chemotherapy drug. Upon studying the range of GO concentrations in CS/PVP, the concentration of 0.2% / GO was chosen for inclusion in the drug delivery model.

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