American Society of Plastic Surgeons Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guideline: Eyelid Surgery for Upper Visual Field Improvement.

Background: A group of experts from different disciplines was convened to develop guidelines for the management of upper visual field impairments related to eyelid ptosis and dermatochalasis. The goal was to provide evidence-based recommendations to improve patient care.

Methods: A multidisciplinary group of experts representing their specialty organizations was selected.

National Trends in Venous Thromboembolism in the Adult Craniofacial Trauma Population.

Unlabelled: Venous thromboembolism (VTE), specifically deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE), is a major complication in plastic surgery; however, there is a paucity of evidence about the incidence of VTE in the craniofacial subpopulation. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for VTE in the adult craniofacial trauma population.

Methods: This retrospective review identified patients from the 2016 and 2017 Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project's National Inpatient Sample with a diagnosis for an initial encounter of a facial fracture.

Developmental venous anomalies are a genetic primer for cerebral cavernous malformations.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are a neurovascular anomaly that may occur sporadically, or be inherited due to autosomal dominant mutations in , , or . Individual lesions are caused by somatic mutations which have been identified in and . However, the interactions between mutations, and their relative contributions to sporadic versus familial cases remain unclear.

Olfaction and kidney function in community-dwelling older adults.

Background: In older adults, kidney function declines with age. People with advanced kidney diseases may have poor olfaction. However, it is unclear whether poor olfaction is a marker for declining renal function or future risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Influence of COVID-19 on the next generation of nurses in the United States.

Aims/objectives: Examine the affective state (anxiety, depression), life satisfaction, stress and worry, media consumption and perceptions of pursuing a career in nursing amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: Nursing students worldwide have reported increased stress, fear and anxiety amidst challenges and risks associated with COVID-19. It remains unclear what impact COVID-19 will have on nursing students in the United States (US) as they prepare to enter the workforce.

Median arcuate ligament syndrome - Current state of management.

Symptomatic celiac artery compression syndrome (CACS) or median arcuate ligament syndrome (MALS) is a controversial diagnosis that should be considered in patients with chronic abdominal pain of unknown etiology despite an extensive medical evaluation. Once suspected, patients should undergo mesenteric duplex ultrasound. Diagnosis is confirmed with elevated celiac artery velocities which normalize with deep inspiration followed by CT angiogram showing the typical "J-hook" conformation of the celiac artery.

Success in pediatric surgery: An updated survey of Program Directors 2020.

Background: One of the most competitive surgical sub-specialty fellowships remains Pediatric Surgery (PS), which requires candidates to develop a strong and research-oriented curriculum vitae. Although some objective factors of matriculation are known, factors for the interview selection and ranking per the program directors (PDs) have not been reviewed in over a decade.

Methods: A web-based survey of US and Canadian PS program directors (PDs) (n = 58) was used to evaluate a comprehensive list of factors in the selection criteria for PS fellowships.

Is the changing landscape of fellowship recruitment during COVID-19 here to stay?

Background: The 2020 Pediatric Surgery (PS) fellowship selection process was heavily impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. A review of lessons learned can help determine best practices for the future. The purpose of the study was to analyze the virtual interview experience and assess opportunities to improve the post-pandemic fellowship recruitment process.

Factors associated with refeeding hypophosphatemia in adolescents and young adults hospitalized with anorexia nervosa.

Background: Refeeding hypophosphatemia (RH) in individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) is a potentially fatal complication of nutrition restoration; yet, little is known about risk. This retrospective cohort study examined factors found in hospitalized youth with AN that may contribute to RH.

Methods: We reviewed medical records of 300 individuals diagnosed with AN admitted between the years of 2010 and 2016.

Topical Skin Treatment and Its Influence on Surgical Healing: Review of Literature and Underlying Physiology.

TriHex Technology (Alastin Skincare, Carlsbad, CA) has been shown clinically to promote healing and outcomes post procedures and has been demonstrated clinically to improve lipid droplet dissolution and patient-reported outcomes post procedure. Histologically, the formulations have proven to regenerate collagen and elastin. The use of the technology to prepare the skin for surgical procedures combined with its use post procedure was assessed through clinical study outcomes, histological evidence, and gene expression analyses and demonstrated remodeling of the extracellular matrix (ECM), accelerating healing, and initiation of anti-inflammatory genes.

Towards a comprehensive understanding of p75 neurotrophin receptor functions and interactions in the brain.

The role of neurotrophins in neuronal plasticity has recently become a strong focus in neuroregeneration research field to elucidate the biological mechanisms by which these molecules modulate synapses, modify the response to injury, and alter the adaptation response. Intriguingly, the prior studies highlight the role of p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75) in various injuries and diseases such as central nervous system injuries, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. More comprehensive elucidation of the mechanisms, and therapies targeting these molecular signaling networks may allow for neuronal tissue regeneration following an injury.

Cerebral Cavernous Malformation: From Mechanism to Therapy.

Cerebral cavernous malformations are acquired vascular anomalies that constitute a common cause of central nervous system hemorrhage and stroke. The past 2 decades have seen a remarkable increase in our understanding of the pathogenesis of this vascular disease. This new knowledge spans genetic causes of sporadic and familial forms of the disease, molecular signaling changes in vascular endothelial cells that underlie the disease, unexpectedly strong environmental effects on disease pathogenesis, and drivers of disease end points such as hemorrhage.

Astrocytes propel neurovascular dysfunction during cerebral cavernous malformation lesion formation.

Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs) are common neurovascular lesions caused by loss-of-function mutations in 1 of 3 genes, including KRIT1 (CCM1), CCM2, and PDCD10 (CCM3), and generally regarded as an endothelial cell-autonomous disease. Here we reported that proliferative astrocytes played a critical role in CCM pathogenesis by serving as a major source of VEGF during CCM lesion formation. An increase in astrocyte VEGF synthesis is driven by endothelial nitric oxide (NO) generated as a consequence of KLF2- and KLF4-dependent elevation of eNOS in CCM endothelium.

Poor olfaction and pneumonia hospitalisation among community-dwelling older adults: a cohort study.

Background: Poor olfaction is common in older adults and might signify broader health implications beyond its role in neurodegeneration. We aimed to evaluate the association of poor olfaction and the risk of any, first-ever, and recurrent pneumonia hospitalisation, as well as death due to pneumonia, in a biracial, community-based cohort of older adults.

Methods: For this cohort study, we included participants from the Health, Aging and Body Composition study who were followed up with annual clinic or home visits and semi-annual or quarterly telephone interviews.

Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Controlled Trials. Results of a Consensus Conference.

Background: The goal of this consensus conference, sponsored by the American Association of Plastic Surgeons, was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled trials to examine both the benefits and risks of surgical treatment and surgical prevention of upper and lower extremity lymphedema.

Methods: The panel met in Boston for a 3-day, face-to-face meeting in July of 2017. After an exhaustive review of the existing literature, the authors created consensus recommendations using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation criteria.

Combined Approach to Surgical Treatment of Lymphedema.

Physiologic surgical interventions, including lymphovenous bypass (LVB) and vascularized lymph node transplant (VLNT), are increasingly being used to treat lymphedema. LVB has been shown to be effective in improving the severity of lymphedema, particularly for patients with still-functional superficial lymphatic vessels that can be identified for bypass. However, in many patients, there is a paucity of functional lymphatic vessels for bypass and, thus, they are not ideal candidates for LVB alone.

An ambulatory counterpulsation system-a potential option for extended mechanical support.

As the incidence of heart failure increases, an organ shortage for cardiac transplant worsens. There has been development of both short and long-term mechanical circulatory devices for this population, each with unique advantages and different adverse event profiles. The long-term devices provide excellent mechanical circulatory support but are associated with significant morbidity.

Self-Reported Versus Objectively Assessed Olfaction and Parkinson's Disease Risk.

Background: Poor olfaction is a prodromal symptom of Parkinson's disease (PD); however, self-reported sense of smell is often dismissed as unreliable.

Objective: To assess self-reported and objectively assessed sense of smell, independently and jointly, in relation to future risk for PD.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis using data from 2,424 participants, ages 71-82 at baseline, from the Health, Aging, and Body Composition study.

A comprehensive p75 neurotrophin receptor gene network and pathway analyses identifying new target genes.

P75 neurotrophic receptor (p75NTR) is an important receptor for the role of neurotrophins in modulating brain plasticity and apoptosis. The current understanding of the role of p75NTR in cellular adaptation following pathological insults remains blurred, which makes p75NTR's related signaling networks an interesting and challenging initial point of investigation. We identified p75NTR and related genes through extensive data mining of a PubMed literature search including published works related to p75NTR from the past 20 years.

Enhanced spring temperature sensitivity of carbon emission links to earlier phenology.

Phenology has a great effect on the carbon cycle. Significant relationships have been well demonstrated between phenology and photosynthesis. However, few studies have been undertaken to characterize relationships between phenology and ecosystem respiration (Re).